655. 173 ' 

R26s 

cop.2 


UNIVERSITY 'OF 
ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 
URBANA-C  iGN 


f 


MRS.   NELLY  KINZIE  GORDON 


In  Connection  with 


The  Printing  Business 


Ere  in   time  'tis  lost,  and   memory   fail  to   trace, 
We'll   by   the   printing   art    ourselves   on   record   place; 
That   to  future  ages   and    our   children   may   be   known, 
How  from   small  beginnings    the   printing   art   has  grown. 


Chicago : 

REGAN  PRINTING  HOUSE 
1912 


We  wish  to  give  credit  to  the  following,  for  much   valuable 
information : 

Andrea's  History  of  Chicago 

John  Kinzie,  by  Eleanor  Lytle  Kinzie  Gordon 

Biographical  Series,  Illinois  State  Historical  Society 


r.  t 


Respectfully  and  appreciatively 
dedicated  to 


ifflra  Sfolhj 


Oldest  surviving  native 
of  Chicago 


PREFACE 


Many  histories  of  Chicago  have  been  written 
and  numerous  sketches  have  appeared  in  news- 
papers, periodicals  and  magazines,  but  to  the 
writer's  knowledge  none  has  taken  up  the  printing 
industry  in  its  relationship  to  the  city's  advance- 
ment. This  is  the  justification  for  this  little 
book.  It  has  been  the  endeavor  to  put  into 
narrative  form  as  much  as  a  subject  of  this 
character  would  permit,  the  matter  of  sta- 
tistics having  been  eliminated  to  a  great  extent, 
leaving  this  to  other  hands  to  place  before  the 
business  man. 

It  was  conceived  by  the  writer,  who  has  spent 
the  best  portion  of  his  life  in  the  printing  business 
right  here  in  Chicago,  that  it  might  prove  of 
interest,  if  not  to  the  general  reader,  at  least  to 
the  printer,  to  have  a  record  of  the  times  preced- 
ing the  reader's  connection  with  the  trade  and 
have  conveyed  to  his  mind  the  origin  of  the 
present-day  business  which  from  small  begin- 
nings has  in  so  short  a  time  grown  to  such 
gigantic  proportions. 

This  work  does  not  claim  historical  merit,  but 
it  is  gotten  up  by  one  who  has  ever  taken  an 
affectionate  interest  in  the  art  of  printing,  as 
well  as  all  that  pertains  thereto,  and  who  has 


observed  its  growth  for  many  years  in  the  city 
of  his  choice — Chicago. 

The  author  has  felt  it  to  be  a  large  subject 
and  one  that  has  demanded  considerable  research, 
for  although  it  is  but  a  brief  period,  almost  within 
the  memory  of  some  now  living,  that  this  history 
has  been  made,  yet  the  events  have  so  crowded 
themselves  one  upon  another  that  it  has  been 
difficult  to  decide  what  to  retain  and  what  to 
discard.  There  was  so  much  to  say  on  every 
subject  touched  upon,  but  in  a  story  it  is  expected 
that  one  should  be  interesting,  otherwise  it  would 
lose  zest  in  the  telling  and  prove  disappointing 
to  the  reader. 

The  writer  is  under  great  obligations  to  Mr. 
M.  H.  Madden  for  much  valuable  information 
and  assistance,  as  well  as  to  many  other  valued 
friends. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


nf 


FORT  DEARBORN. 

[E    are    always     interested 

after    a    community  has 

,  •>      . 

become  prominent  in 
tracing  its  history  in  the 
endeavor  to  discover,  as 
it  were,  the  source  of 
its  greatness,  and  the 
mind  is  never  satisfied 
until  the  foundation  of 
its  history  has  been  ex- 
plored. It  is  not  the 
intention  of  this  work 
to  go  into  too  much  detail,  but  rather  to 
briefly  tell  the  story  concerning  one  of  the 
greatest  cities  of  modern  times,  and  that,  princi- 
pally, in  connection  with  the  printing  business, 
which  has  assisted  in  no  trifling  degree  in 
developing  a  small  country  village,  or  rather 
a  small  settlement,  into  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  important  commercial  centers  of  our 
country. 

The  first  authentic  information  we  have  of 
Chicago  is  derived  from  an  account  given  by 
La  Salle,  who  visited  this  part  of  the  country  in 


10  &turg  of  Cijirago 

the  winter  of  1681-82,  and  up  to  the  year  1804  it 
seems  to  have  been  wholly  occupied  by  Indians 
with  the  exception  of  some  soldiers  who  were 
ordered  to  Chicago  in  1803  and  who  were 
directed  to  build  a  fort. 

It  was  in  the  Spring  of  1804  that  John 
Kinzie  purchased  property  in  Chicago,  and  with 
his  wife  and  infant  son  came  here  to  reside. 
On  his  arrival  he  moved  into  an  old  cabin  built 
by  Le  Mai,  a  French  trader,  which  he  gradually 
enlarged  and  improved  until  as  years  rolled  by  it 
was  transformed  into  a  comfortable  dwelling, 
the  only  home  of  a  white  settler  in  Chicago  for 
many  years.  This  house  stood  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Chicago  river,  where  it  bent  to  the  south, 
so  that  from  its  piazza  the  Indian  canoes  could 
be  seen  going  down  and  into  the  lake,  at  the  foot 
of  what  is  now  Madison  street.  Here  Mr. 
Kinzie  lived  until  late  in  1827,  except,  during 
the  four  years  from  the  summer  of  1812  to  the 
summer  or  fall  of  1816 — the  time  intervening 
between  the  destruction  and  rebuilding  of  Fort 
Dearborn. 

John  Kinzie,  who  is  justly  called  the  "Father 
of  Chicago,"  was  born  in  Quebec  about  the  year 
1763.  He  early  became  an  Indian  trader. 

Kinzie  came  to  this  new  location  in  the  prime 
of  life,  strong,  active  and  intelligent,  his  manner 
sobered  by  experience,  but  his  heart  kindly  and 
generous.  He  was  beloved  by  the  Indians,  and 
his  influence  over  them  was  very  great.  He  was 
acknowledged  to  be  the  Indian's  friend,  and 


of  (Cljtrago 


11 


through  many  fearful  scenes  of  danger  he  and  his 
family  moved  unscathed.  • 


JOHN    H.    KINZIE 


The  esteem  in  which  John  Kinzie  was  held  by 
the  Indians  is  shown  by  the  treaty  made  with  the 
Pottawatomies,  Sept.  20,  1828,  the  year  of  his 


12 


of  (Ufyirago 


death,  by  one  provision  by  which  the  tribe  gave 
"to  Elenor  Kinzie  and  her  four  children  by  the 


JULIETTE    A.   KINZIE 


late  John  Kinzie,  $3,500.00  in  consideration  of 
the  attachment  of  the  Indians  to   her  deceased 


of 


13 


husband,  who  was  long  an  Indian  trader  and 
who  lost  a  large  sum  in  the  trade  by  the  credits 
given  them  and  also  by  the  destruction  of  his 
property.  The  money  is  in  lieu  of  a  tract  of 
land  which  the  Indians  gave  the  late  John 
Kinzie  long  since  and  upon  which  he  lived." 


OLD    FORT    DEARBORN,    ERECTED    IN    1803 

For  several  years  of  its  early  existence  Chicago 
was  simply  Fort  Dearborn  and  the  trading 
establishment  and  home  of  John  Kinzie.  With 
the  exception  of  this  house  there  was  nothing  but 
a  few  huts  inhabited  by  hah0- breeds  and  the 
wigwams  of  the  Pottawatomies.  In  this  house 
Ellen  Marion  Kinzie  was  born  December,  1804. 

In  the  month  of  August,  1795,  General 
Anthony  Wayne,  called  by  the  Indians,  "The 
Tempest,"  terminated  the  war  that  had  raged  in 


14  &torg  nf  (Chirawi 

the  Northwest  for  a  number  of  years  by  a  treaty 
of  peace.  By  this  treaty  the  Indians  ceded  to  the 
United  States  a  number  of  tracts  of  land,  among 
others  "one  piece  of  land  six  miles  square,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  river  emptying  into 
the  southwest  end  of  Lake  Michigan  where  a 
fort  formerly  stood."  What  this  fort  was,  or  by 
whom  erected,  is  now  a  matter  of  conjecture. 
It  was  not  garrisoned. 

In  July,  1803,  a  company  of  United  States 
soldiers,  under  the  command  of  Captain  John 
Whistler,  arrived  at  the  Chicago  river,  and  during 
that  summer  built  what  has  since  been  known  as 
the  first  Fort  Dearborn,  named  after  General 
Henry  Dearborn,  at  that  time  Secretary  of  War. 
This  fort  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  Chicago 
river  at  the  bend  where  the  river  turned  to  enter 
Lake  Michigan.  It  had  two  block  houses,  one 
on  the  southeast  corner  and  the  other  at  the 
northwest.  Three  pieces  of  light  artillery  com- 
prised the  armament  of  the  fort. 

THE  MASSACRE  OF  FORT  DEARBORN. 

On  the  evening  of  the  14th  of  August,  1812, 
Black  Partridge,  one  of  the  most  noted  Potta- 
watomie  chiefs,  and  who  was  always  friendly  to 
the  whites,  entered  the  fort  and  proceeded  to 
Captain  Heald's  quarters,  who  was  in  command. 
"Father,"  he  said,  "I  come  to  deliver  up  to  you 
the  medal  I  wear.  It  was  given  me  by  the 
Americans,  and  I  have  long  worn  it  in  token  of 


nf  fltytntgn  15 


our  mutual  friendship.  But  our  young  men  are 
resolved  to  imbrue  their  hands  in  the  blood  of  the 
whites.  I  cannot  restrain  them,  and  I  will  not 
wear  a  token  of  peace  while  I  am  compelled  to 
act  as  an  enemy." 

The  Indians  held  a  council  and  resolved  on  the 
destruction  of  the  garrison.  With  heroic  forti- 
tude and  constancy  the  officers  made  their  final 
arrangements  for  evacuation  and  departure  for 
Detroit,  as  commanded  by  General  Hull,  to 
which  city  they  had  instructions  to  proceed  by 
land. 

At  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  15th  of 
August,  all  being  in  readiness,  the  gates  of  the 
fort  were  thrown  open  for  the  last  time  and  the 
march  commenced.  In  accordance  with  Indian 
custom  and  in  premonition  of  his  fate,  Captain 
Wells  had  blackened  his  face.  With  fifteen  of 
his  Miami  braves,  whom  he  supposed  to  be 
trusty,  he  led  the  advance,  another  fifteen  bring- 
ing up  the  rear.  The  women  and  children  were 
in  wagons  or  on  horseback.  Brave  John  Kinzie 
determined  to  accompany  the  troops,  hoping  that 
his  presence  would  be  the  means  of  restraining 
the  Indians.  Intrusting  his  family  to  the  care  of 
Indian  friends  to  be  taken  around  the  head  of  the 
lake  in  a  boat  to  a  point  near  St.  Joseph,  Mich., 
he  marched  out  with  the  troops.  He  was  warned 
by  several  friendly  chiefs  not  to  accompany  the 
soldiers,  but  he  was  determined  to  do  all  in  his 
power  to  bring  some  restraining  influence  if 
possible  to  bear  on  the  savages.  The  strains  of 


16 


Qlljirago 


music  as  the  soldiers  passed  beyond  the  gates 
were  certainly  not  enlivening.  By  some  strange 
and  weird  choice  of  the  bandmaster,  who  was 
among  the  killed,  the  "Dead  March"  was  played 
as  the  soldiers  filed  out  from  the  protection  of  the 
fortification,  on  to  the  open  plain.  Scarcely  had 
the  troops  departed  when  the  fort  became  a 
scene  of  plundering. 


FORT    DEARBORN,    AS    REBUILT    IN    1816 

Along  the  lake  shore  ran  a  beaten  Indian  trail, 
which  was  the  path  pursued.  Westward  of 
this,  at  about  one  hundred  yards  distant,  com- 
mencing perhaps  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the 
fort,  a  sand  bank  or  range  of  sand  hills  separated 
the  lake  from  the  prairie.  When  the  troops 
started,  an  escort  of  five  hundred  Pottawatomies 
accompanied  them,  but  when  the  sand  hills  were 
reached  the  Indians  struck  out  toward  the 
prairie  instead  of  keeping  along  the  beach. 


of  (Eljtrago  17 


Concealing  their  movements  behind  the  sand 
hills,  they  nurried  forward  and  placed  an  ambus- 
cade in  readiness  for  the  troops. 

The  little  band  had  marched  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  when  Captain  Wells,  who  had  led  the 
advance,  came  riding  swiftly  back  saying  that  the 
Indians  were  about  to  open  an  attack  from 
behind  the  sand  banks.  The  company  charged 
up  the  bank,  firing  one  round,  which  the  Indians 
returned.  The  savages  getting  in  upon  the  rear, 
were  soon  in  possession  of  the  horses,  provisions 
and  baggage,  slaughtering  many  of  the  women 
and  children  in  the  attempt.  Against  fearful 
odds,  and  hand  to  hand,  the  officers  and  the 
men,  and  even  the  women  fought  for  their  lives. 

But  it  was  soon  over.  Drawing  his  little 
remnant  of  survivors  off  an  elevation  on  the  open 
prairie,  out  of  range,  Captain  Heald,  himself 
wounded,  proceeded  to  survey  the  situation. 
The  Indians  did  not  follow,  but  after  some 
consultation  of  the  chiefs,  made  signs  for  Captain 
Heald  to  approach  them.  He  advanced  alone 
and  met  Blackbird  who  promised  to  spare  their 
lives  if  they  would  surrender.  Upon  these  terms 
Captain  Heald  complied  with  the  demand.  The 
surrender  was  made  to  Lieutenant  Helm  who  was 
also  severely  wounded.  Of  .the  whole  number 
that  had  left  the  fort  but  an  hour  before,  there 
remained  only  twenty-five  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates  and  eleven  women  and 
children. 

The  force  had  consisted  of  fifty-four  privates 
and  two  officers.  There  were  also  twelve  militia- 


18  Slnnj  of  (Eljtrago 

men.  Many  of  the  regulars  were  sick  and  alto- 
gether there  were  not  probably  more  than  forty 
able-bodied  fighting  men.  With  them  were 
about  a  dozen  women  and  children.  Opposed  to 
these  few  men  were  from  four  hundred  to  five 
hundred  Indians,  whose  loss  was  about  fifteen. 

Mrs.  Helm,  the  daughter  of  Mrs.  Kinzie  had 
a  narrow  escape  from  death.  Assaulted  by  a 
young  Indian  she  avoided  the  blow  of  his  toma- 
hawk, and  then  seized  him  around  the  neck 
trying  to  get  possession  of  his  scalping  knife. 
While  struggling  in  this  way  for  her  life,  she  was 
dragged  from  his  grasp  by  another  and  older 
Indian,  who  bore  her  struggling  to  the  lake, 
wherein  he  plunged  her,  but  with  her  head  above 
water.  Seeing  that  it  was  not  the  Indian's  object 
to  drown  her,  she  looked  at  him  earnestly  and 
found  him  to  be  Black  Partridge  who  was  trying 
to  save  her  life.  After  the  firing  had  ceased  she 
was  later  conducted  to  a  place  of  safety. 

Mrs.  Helm's  account  01  her  rescue,  given  in  her 
own  words,  was  as  follows : 

'The  troops  behaved  most  gallantly.  They 
were  but  a  handful,  but  they  seemed  resolved  to 
sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible.  Our  horses 
pranced  and  bounded,  and  could  hardly  be 
restrained  as  the  balls  whistled  among  them. 
I  drew  off  a  little  and  gazed  upon  my  husband 
and  father,  who  were  yet  unharmed.  I  felt  that 
my  hour  was  come  and  endeavored  to  forget 
those  I  loved  and  prepare  myself  for  my  ap- 
proaching fate. 


of  OHjiragn  19 


"At  this  moment  a  young  Indian  raised  his 
tomahawk  at  me.  By  springing  aside  I  partially 
avoided  the  blow,  which  was  intended  for  my 
skull,  but  which  alighted  on  my  shoulder.  I 
seized  him  around  the  neck,  and  while  exerting  my 
utmost  efforts  to  get  possession  of  his  scalping 
knife,  which  hung  in  a  scabbard  over  his  breast,  I 
was  dragged  from  his  grasp  by  another  and  older 
Indian.  The  latter  bore  me,  struggling,  and 
resisting  toward  the  lake. 

"I  was  immediately  plunged  into  the  water 
and  held  there  with  a  forcible  hand  notwithstand- 
ing my  resistance.  I  soon  perceived,  however, 
that  the  object  of  my  captor  was  not  to  drown  me, 
for  he  held  me  firmly  in  such  a  position  as  to  place 
my  head  above  water.  This  reassured  me,  and 
regarding  him  attentively,  I  soon  recognized,  in 
spite  of  the  paint  with  which  he  was  disguised, 
the  Black  Partridge. 

"When  the  firing  had  nearly  subsided  my 
preserver  bore  me  from  the  water  and  conducted 
me  up  the  sand  banks.  It  was  a  burning  August 
morning,  and  walking  through  the  sand  in  my 
drenched  condition  was  inexpressibly  painful 
and  fatiguing.  I  stooped  and  took  off  my  shoes 
to  free  them  from  the  sand  with  which  they  were 
nearly  filled,  when  a  squaw  seized  and  carried 
them  off,  and  I  was  obliged  to  proceed  without 
them. 

"When  we  had  gained  the  prairie,  I  was  met 
by  my  father,  wrho  told  me  that  my  husband  was 
safe  and  but  slightly  wounded.  They  led  me 


20  gtorg  of 


gently  back  towards  the  Chicago  river,  along  the 
southern  bank  of  which  was  the  Pottawatomie 
encampment.  At  one  time  I  was  placed  upon  a 
horse  without  a  saddle,  but  finding  the  motion 
insupportable,  I  sprang  off.  Supported  partly 
by  my  conductor,  Black  Partridge,  and  partly 
by  another  Indian,  Pee-so-tum,  who  held  dang- 
ling in  his  hand  a  scalp,  which,  by  the  black 
ribbon  around  the  queue,  I  recognized  as  that  of 
Captain  Wells,  I  dragged  my  fainting  steps  to 
one  of  the  wigwams. 

"The  wife  of  Wau-be-nee-mah,  a  chief  from 
the  Illinois  river,  was  standing  near  and  seeing 
my  exhausted  condition,  she  seized  a  kettle, 
dipped  up  some  water  from  a  stream  that  flowed 
near,  threw  into  it  some  maple  sugar,  and  stirring 
it  up  with  her  hand,  gave  it  to  me  to  drink.  This 
act  of  kindness,  in  the  midst  of  so  many  horrors, 
touched  me  most  sensibly,  but  my  attention  was 
soon  diverted  to  other  objects. 

"As  the  noise  of  the  firing  grew  gradually  less, 
and  the  stragglers  from  the  victorious  party  came 
dropping  in,  I  received  confirmation  of  what  my 
father  had  hurriedly  communicated  in  our 
encounter  on  the  lake  shore,  viz.:  That  the 
whites  had  surrendered  after  the  loss  of  about 
two-thirds  of  their  number.  They  had  stipulated, 
through  the  interpreter,  Peresh  Leclerc,  for  the 
preservation  of  their  lives  and  those  of  the  re- 
maining women  and  children  and  for  their 
delivery  at  some  of  the  British  posts,  unless 
ransomed  by  traders  in  the  Indian  country. 


of  OIljira00  21 


It  appears  that  the  wounded  prisoners  were  not 
considered  included  in  the  stipulation  and  a  horrid 
scene  ensued  upon  their  being  brought  to  camp. 

"An  old  squaw,  infuriated  by  the  loss  of 
friends,  or  excited  by  the  sanguinary  scenes 
around  her,  seemed  possessed  by  a  demoniacal 
ferocity.  She  seized  a  stable  fork  and  assaulted 
one  miserable  victim,  who  lay  groaning  and 
writhing  in  the  agony  of  his  wounds,  aggravated 
by  the  scorching  beams  of  the  sun.  With  a 
delicacy  of  feeling  scarcely  to  have  been  expect- 
ed under  such  circumstances,  Wau-be-nee-mah 
stretched  a  mat  across  two  poles  between  me  and 
this  dreadful  scene.  I  was  thus  spared  in  some 
degree  a  view  of  its  horrors,  although  I  could 
not  entirely  close  my  ears  to  the  cries  of  the 
sufferer.  The  following  night  five  more  of  the 
wounded  prisoners  were  tomahawked." 

(Mrs.  Helm  is  represented  by  the  female  figure 
in  the  bronze  group  at  the  foot  of  Eighteenth 
street,  donated  to  the  city  of  Chicago  by  the  late 
George  M.  Pullman,  to  commemorate  the  mas- 
sacre.) 

The  day  following  the  massacre  the  fort  and 
agency  buildings  were  burned  to  the  ground  and 
the  first  Fort  Dearborn  ceased  to  be. 

Peace  came  in  1816  and  it  was  ordered  that 
Fort  Dearborn  should  be  rebuilt,  which  was  done 
on  the  site  of  the  former  one,  but  on  a  larger 
and  different  plan. 

What  has  preceded  is  but  a  brief  outline  of 
what  occurred  from  1681  when  this  portion  of  the 


22  £>tnrg  of 


American  Continent  was  visited  by  La  Salle, 
until  the  first  white  man  made  his  residence  in 
1804  up  to  the  year  1830,  when  Chicago  was 
platted  as  a  town.  Prior  to  this  it  was  known  as 
Fort  Dearborn  settlement. 

At  this  time  there  were  thirty-two  voters  and 
some  of  these  were  not  residents  of  Chicago, 
although  living  within  the  limits  of  the  precinct 
and  sufficiently  near  to  attend  the  election. 

MRS.  NELLY  KINZIE  GORDON. 

The  oldest  native  of  Chicago,  still  surviving, 
is  Mrs.  Nelly  Kinzie  Gordon,  now  a  resident  of 
Savannah,  Ga.,  a  granddaughter  of  John  Kinzie, 
Sr.,  who  was  at  Fort  Dearborn  at  the  time  of  the 
massacre  on  the  loth  day  of  August,  1812. 

In  a  communication  announcing  her  intention 
to  visit  Chicago,  Mrs.  Gordon  writes  : 

"Various  individuals  have  lately  claimed 
that  they  were  entitled  to  the  distinction  of  being 
Chicago  antiquities  because  of  their  arrival  in 
Chicago  prior  to  the  year  1834. 

"I  claim  the  honor  of  being  the  oldest  person 
now  living  who  was  born  in  Chicago.  I  arrived 
there  on  June  18,  1835.  Mr.  Elijah  K.  Hub- 
bard,  now  residing  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  was 
born  there  three  weeks  later.  We  are  both  older 
than  Chicago,  which  was  not  incorporated  as  a 
city  until  two  years  after  our  birth." 

To  the  Kinzie  family  Chicagoans  of  today  are 
largely  indebted  for  whatever  definite  information 


MISS    NELLY    KINZIE 


24  &inrij  of  (Etjiragn 


is  available  concerning  the  great  massacre.  The 
narrative  of  Mrs.  Juliette  Kinzie,  mother  of  Mrs. 
Gordon,  has  been  generally  accepted  as  the  most 
complete  and  accurate.  It  was  largely  based 
upon  the  statements  of  her  mother-in-law,  Mrs. 
John  Kinzie  and  Mrs.  Helm,  wife  of  the  officer 
who  enacted  a  prominent  role  in  the  massacre. 
In  the  year  1812  there  were  only  five  houses  at 
Chicago  outside  the  fort  and  the  garrison,  and 
one  of  these  was  the  Kinzie  home.  The  others 
were  occupied  by  the  Ouilmette,  Burns  and  Lee 
families,  and  another  was  located  on  the  Lee 
farm,  on  the  south  branch.  The  Kinzie  family, 
therefore,  has  been  the  custodian  of  a  great 
amount  of  information  concerning  the  early 
history  of  Chicago. 

These  circumstances  give  importance  to  the 
statement  by  Mrs.  Gordon — a  statement  that 
has  been  corroborated  by  many  others — that  the 
monument  is  not  situated  on  the  site  of  the  old 
fort,  but  a  distance  west  and  south  of  it. 

'The  tablet  is  at  least  200  feet  south  of  the 
true  spot  and  100  feet  west  of  it,"  writes  Mrs. 
Gordon.  "Why,  the  blockhouse  which  I  passed 
every  day  when  I  went  to  school  was  east  of  the 
Rush  street  bridge!  Mrs.  Kate  Snow  Isham, 
Mrs.  Eliphalet  Blatchford,  Mrs.  Rollin  Larrabee 
and  plenty  of  others  can  substantiate  this. " 

This  statement  also  has  been  corroborated  by 
Mrs.  Alexander  Beaubien,  5400  West  Madison 
street.  The  Beaubien  homestead  was  situated 
where  now  is  the  southwest  corner  of  South 
Water  street  and  Michigan  avenue.  The  house 


of  (Etyiragc  25 


was  sold  at  the  land  sale  in  June,  1839,  when,  in 
the  words  of  a  son  of  the  old  pioneer,  "the  very 
house  which  his  father  was  inhabiting,  in  which 
his  family  had  been  born  and  reared,  and  around 
which  were  the  graves  of  his  departed  children, 
was  sold  from  him  in  his  old  age.  No  wonder 
the  citizens  of  Chicago  held  an  indignation 
meeting." 

Mrs.  Gordon's  parents  settled  in  Chicago  in 
1834,  a  year  previous  to  her  birth,  her  father 
previous  to  that  time  having  had  an  adventure- 
some career  in  private  business  and  as  a  govern- 
ment official.  St.  James'  parish  was  organized 
the  year  they  arrived  in  Chicago,  and  the  Kinzies 
were  from  the  first  most  influential  and  devoted 
members  of  the  church.  They  may  be  con- 
sidered its  founders.  The  first  regular  service  of 
the  church  was  held  in  a  room  in  a  wooden 
building  standing  on  the  corner  of  Wolcott  (now 
North  State),  and  Kinzie  streets.  The  hall  was 
fitted  up  by  Mr.  Kinzie,  and  the  lots  on  the  south- 
east corner  of  Cass  and  Illinois  streets,  where  a 
church  edifice  was  erected  in  1836-37,  were 
donated  by  him. 

Mrs.  Juliette  A.  Kinzie  died  in  1870  at 
Amagansett,  N.  Y.,  her  death  being  caused  by 
the  mistake  of  a  druggist,  who  sent  her  morphine 
instead  of  quinine. 

For  several  years  of  its  early  existence  Chicago 
was  simply  Fort  Dearborn  and  the  trading 
establishment  of  John  Kinzie,  save  perhaps,  a 
few  huts  inhabited  by  half-breeds  and  the  wig- 


26 


at 


warns  of  the  Pottawatomies.  The  old  home,  as 
remembered  by  John  H.  Kinzie,  was  a  "long, 
low  building  with  a  piazza  extending  along  its 
front,  a  range  of  four  or  five  rooms.  A  broad 
green  space  was  inclosed  between  it  and  the  river 
and  shaded  by  a  row  of  Lombardy  poplars. 
Two  immense  cottonwood  trees  stood  in  the 
rear  of  the  building.  A  fine,  well-cultivated 


RESIDENCE    OF    JOHN    KINZIE 


garden  extended  to  the  north  of  the  dwelling,  and 
surrounding  it  were  various  buildings  appertain- 
ing to  the  establishment — dairy,  bakehouse, 
lodging-house  for  the  Frenchmen  and  stables." 

The  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  H.  Kinzie 
was  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Cass  and  Mich- 
igan streets  and  the  generous  hospitality  of  both 
host  and  hostess  was  proverbial.  Mr.  Kinzie  left 
a  widow.  There  were  seven  children,  six  sons, 
three  of  whom  died  in  childhood  and  a  daughter 


of  (Eijiragfl  27 


(Nelly  Kinzie).  One  son,  John,  who  was  three 
years  the  junior  of  Nelly  Kinzie,  was  also  born  in 
Chicago.  He  served  in  the  navy  and  was  killed 
on  the  gunboat,  Mound  City,  in  an  engagement 
at  White  River  in  the  summer  of  1862. 

In  conversation  with  one  who  well  remembered 
Miss  Kinzie  in  her  younger  days,  he  describes  her 
as  a  most  charming  and  vivacious  young  lady, 
who  at  that  time  turned  the  heads  of  all  the  avail- 
able young  men  of  Chicago;  and  he  mentioned 
that  she  had  a  good  word  for  them  all. 

The  engraving  shown  is  taken  from  a  painting 
by  George  P.  A.  Healy  in  1856,  when  Miss 
Kinzie  was  a  young  girl.  The  one  showing 
Mrs.  Nelly  Kinzie  Gordon  was  made  from  a 
photograph  taken  in  1908.  (The  Frontispiece). 

INCORPORATION  AS  A  CITY. 

In  1837  an  act  incorporating  the  City  of 
Chicago  was  passed  and  the  election  of  the  first 
city  officers  under  the  act  was  held  on  the  first 
Tuesday  of  the  May  following. 

From  this  time  the  growth  of  the  City  of 
Chicago  has  been  phenomenal,  its  population  in 
1840  being  4,479  and  in  1870,  thirty  years  after, 
it  had  increased  to  298,977,  and  as  given  by  the 
last  census,  1910,  it  is  conceded  to  have  a 
population  of  2,185,283. 

The  original  town  of  Chicago  in  1835  extended 
from  Chicago  avenue  on  the  north  to  Twelfth 
street  on  the  south,  and  from  Halsted  street  on 


28  &targ  of 


the  west  to  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east.  When 
the  city  was  incorporated  in  1837  its  limits  were 
as  follows:  From  Lake  Michigan  west  along 
Center  street  to  North  Clark  street,  south  to 
North  avenue,  west  to  Wood  street,  south  to 
Twenty-second  street  and  east  to  the  lake.  The 
largest  addition  to  the  area  of  the  city  was  made 
in  1889  when  Lake  View,  Jefferson,  Hyde  Park 
and  the  Town  of  Lake  were  annexed.  Edison 
Park  was  annexed  Nov.  8th,  1910. 

The  extension  of  Chicago's  area  is  also  great. 
In  1833  the  Original  Town  was  2.550  square 
miles,  while  today  the  City  of  Chicago  covers  a 
territory  of  not  less  than  191.325  square  miles, 
and  contains  within  its  limits  2,180  miles  of  rail- 
road track.  It  is  the  greatest  railway  center  in 
the  world,  being  the  terminal  of  thirty-two  main 
trunk  lines  having  an  aggregate  mileage  of  98,632 
miles  or  a  little  less  than  50  per  cent  of  the 
mileage  of  the  United  States,  besides  fourteen 
switching  and  freight  roads  having  a  mileage  of 
1,063  miles.  Chicago  is  the  absolute  terminus 
for  all  these  roads.  The  number  of  passenger 
trains  arriving  and  departing  from  this  city  daily  is 
1,594  and  the  number  of  freight  trains  is  about300. 

The  lake  tonnage  of  the  port  of  Chicago  was 
in  1911  greater  than  the  combined  foreign 
tonnage  of  the  ports  of  Boston,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore,  Galveston  and  San  Francisco. 

In  receipts  of  grain  and  flour  at  the  principal 
lake  and  river  ports  Chicago  takes  first  place, 
with  more  than  291,000,000  bushels. 


at  OHjirago  29 


Chicago  in  many  respects  is  a  marvelous  city 
and  is  regarded  as  such  by  the  world  in  general. 
Its  rapid  advancement  from  a  village  containing 
but  a  few  scattered  homes,  less  than  seventy-five 
years  ago,  to  a  city  of  such  magnitude  that  today 
it  numbers  more  than  two  millions  of  population 
is  believed  to  be  without  a  counterpart  in  the 
history  of  the  world. 

THE  GREAT  FIRE. 

No  story  of  Chicago  would  be  complete  without 
a  short  account  of  the  great  fire  of  1871,  and 
nothing  can  prove  more  interesting  than  the  state- 
ments of  eye  witnesses  of  that  scene,  and  by  these 
accounts  and  what  history  has  proved,  it  stands 
today  as  one  of  the  most  appalling  visitations 
which  the  world  had  ever  experienced.  There 
were  seventy-three  miles  of  streets  burned  and 
the  total  loss  of  property  could  not  have  been  less 
than  $200,000,000.00.  The  Custom  House,  the 
Court  House,  the  Postoffice,  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  and  the  great  business  blocks,  the 
banks,  the  theaters  and  the  newspaper  offices, 
all  went  down  together  in  the  awful  conflagration. 
We  can  form  some  conception  of  the  extent  of  the 
buildings  and  property  destroyed  by  the  space 
burned  over — which,  on  the  West  Side,  embraced 
one  hundred  and  twenty-four  acres;  South  Side, 
four  hundred  and  sixty  acres;  North  Side,  one 
thousand  four  hundred  and  seventy  acres; 
making  a  total  area  of  two  thousand  one  hundred 


30  »torg  of 


and  twenty-four  acres,  or  nearly  three  and  a  half 
square  miles,  being  about  four  miles  in  length  and 
from  one  to  one  and  a  half  in  width.  The  num- 
ber of  buildings  destroyed  was  seventeen  thous- 
and four  hundred  and  fifty,  and  nearly  one 
hundred  thousand  persons  were  left  homeless. 

The  conflagration  of  1871  wiped  out  the  old 
Chicago  that  had  been  built  prior  to  that  time, 
and  from  its  ashes  arose  a  city  of  such  propor- 
tions and  such  grandeur  as  the  world  previously 
had  never  seen.  At  the  time  of  its  destruction  it 
was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  greatest  calamities 
visited  upon  mankind,  but  the  ultimate  effect 
was  to  direct  the  eyes  of  the  world  upon  it  and 
make  it  the  Mecca  of  thousands  of  venturesome 
spirits,  so  that  it  attracted  men  from  every  clime, 
men  of  towering  ambition  and  energy;  men  with 
means  and  those  without  means,  but  of  unrivaled 
skill,  to  assist  in  placing  it  where  it  stands 
today,  the  cynosure  of  all  eyes  and  the  point  of 
attraction  for  innumerable  great  enterprises. 

The  massiveness  of  its  buildings  is  what  strikes 
the  eye,  and  is  the  wonder  of  every  visitor,  and 
especially  is  this  so  when  they  learn  of  the 
difficulty  of  securing  an  adequate  foundation  for 
such  stupendous  structures.  These  structures 
are  built  upon  the  solid  rock  which  lies  under- 
neath Chicago  and  at  no  inconsiderable  depth, 
and  are  constructed  in  such  a  way  as  to  with- 
stand the  inroads  of  time  and  to  guard  against  as 
much  as  possible  a  second  destruction  by  fire. 
A  great  portion  of  the  buildings  of  this  city  that 


of  (CIjtragn  31 


were  hurriedly  erected  after  the  fire  of  1871  have 
since  that  time  outgrown  their  usefulness  and  are 
giving  place  to  those  of  larger  and  more  modern 
construction. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  The  Chicago 
Tribune  of  Sunday,  October  8,  the  last  issue 
before  the  office  was  destroyed.  It  is  said  to  be 
one  of  the  best  descriptions  of  the  scene  now 
accessible  : 

"  Only  a  few  minutes  elapsed  after  the  striking 
of  the  alarm  before  the  flames  were  seen  sweeping 
to  the  sky,  and  the  lurid  light  that  illuminated 
the  horizon  grew  more  and  more  powerful,  casting 
its  brilliant  rays  in  every  direction,  bringing  out 
in  bold  relief  the  fronts  of  the  buildings  which 
faced  it  from  all  quarters.  The  wind,  seeming 
to  rise  as  the  flames  did,  set  from  the  Southwest, 
carrying  with  it  in  its  onward  rush  streams  of 
sparks,  cinders  and  partially  burned  pieces  of 
wood,  which  covered  the  sky  with  dazzling 
spangles,  sweeping  northwestward  like  a  flight  of 
meteors,  but  falling  steadily  in  a  fiery  shower  of 
rain,  over  that  broad  area  embraced  between  the 
river,  the  South  Branch,  Wells  street  and 
Jackson  street;  the  lighter  ones  going  far  over  on 
the  North  Division,  while  the  heavier  and  more 
dangerous  ones  fell  before  they  reached  that 
point.  They  dropped  with  great  force  to  the 
ground,  to  the  occasional  danger  of  the  foot 
passenger  and  the  frightening  of  horses,  and 
showered  upon  roofs  of  buildings,  inspiring 
constant  fear  that  other  conflagrations  would 


32  &tnrg  of 


break  out,  and  that  a  terribly  broad  area  would 
be  covered  by  the  flames,  and  put  it  out  of  the 
power  of  the  engines  to  combat  them. 

"Late  as  it  was,  the  splendor  of  the  flames 
and  the  wonderful  brilliancy  of  the  sky  were 
such  as  to  attract  enormous  crowds  from  every 
quarter.  The  densely  populated  sections  of  the 
West  Division  lying  near  the  fire  would  have-,  of 
itself,  been  sufficient  to  choke  up  the  surrounding 
streets  with  an  impassable  crowd  ;  but  as  the  fire 
showed  no  signs  of  abating,  they  came  from 
greater  and  greater  distances,  forcing  their  way 
down  Clinton  street,  in  the  center  of  which  near 
Adams,  were  half  a  dozen  isolated  street  cars 
utterly  unable  to  get  back  to  their  stables.  The 
crowd  made  its  way  down  Jackson  street,  near 
where  the  fire  began,  and  stopped  there,  caring 
nothing  for  the  smouldering  ruins  which  lay 
beyond  that  point.  At  first 

the  concourse  was  all  from  the  West  Side;  but, 
as  time  passed  on,  they  began  to  come  from  across 
the  water  until  the  blazing  viaduct  and  the  police 
made  Adams  street  bridge  impassable.  Then 
they  swept  in  a  solid  mass  over  Madison  street 
bridge,  meeting  as  they  crossed  the  returning 
stream  of  those  who  had  satisfied  their  curiosity 
or  felt  it  inadvisable  to  stay  there  after  12  o'clock. 
The  bridge  and  the  approach  on  Madison 
street  were  covered  with  men  and  women  —  alone 
and  together  —  who  found  there  a  favorable  point 
for  watching  the  flames,  while  they  were  generally 
out  of  range  of  the  falling  cinders.  The  viaduct 


of  (Eljtragn  33 


on  Adams  street,  with  its  blazing  woodwork, 
stood  out  in  bold  relief,  and  beyond  and  under- 
neath it,  nothing  but  a  wild  whirlwind  of  flames, 
obscured  for  a  moment  by  bursts  of  smoke,  but 
reappearing  the  next  with  added  brilliancy.  The 
fire  burned  down  close  to  the  river,  and  impelled 
eastward  by  the  wind,  seemed  to  one  on  the 
bridge  to  have  almost  reached  across  the  water, 
and  to  have  partially  consumed  that  as  well  as 
the  more  combustible  material  on  which  it  was 
really  feeding.  Above  the  sound  of  the  con- 
flagration occasionally  rose  the  scream  of  the 
engines,  or  the  thunder  of  the  falling  beams  and 
tumbling  houses.  The  sharp  smell  of  smoke 
filled  the  air  with  its  oppressive  odor. 

"On  the  west  side  of  Clinton  street,  from 
Jackson  to  Adams,  were  the  relics  of  the  house- 
hold goods  of  the  people  who  had  been  living  on 
the  east  side  of  the  street;  sometimes  piled  on 
drays  and  wagons,  but  generally  piled  upon  the 
sidewalk,  after  the  adjoining  houses  had  proved 
too  small  to  hold  them.  Their  frayed  and  di- 
lapidated condition  testified  to  the  haste  with 
which  they  had  been  carried  away.  On,  and 
around  them,  were  their  unfortunate  possessors, 
who  were  awakened  from  their  slumber  to  flee 
for  their  lives. 

The  spectators  who  were  near  Jackson  street 
could  look  eastward  across  a  weltering  sea  of  fire, 
through  which  black  and  desolate  ran  Jackson 
street,  like  some  road  cutting  through  the  infernal 
regions.  From  wrecks  of  buildings,  from  rapidly 


34  &iary  of  Glljtrago 

consuming  lumber  piles,  and  more  slowly  but 
more  steadily  burning  coal  heaps,  rose  thousands 
of  jets  of  flame,  whirling  up  with  them  pillars  of 
smoke,  or  the  slender  masts  and  blazing  rigging 
of  some  vessel  in  the  river.  So  grand  and  so 
novel  was  the  spectacle,  that  these  poor  men  and 
women  who  stood  shelterless  did  not  wail  and 
moan,  and  hug  their  babies  to  their  breasts,  as  is 
the  usual  custom  at  such  calamities,  but  stood 
in  dazed  and  dumb  amazement  staring  straight 
before  them.  They  did  not  stop  to  see  what  they 
had  lost,  or  what  few  trifles  had  been  saved,  but 
watched,  as  if  in  admiration,  the  fearful  fascinat- 
ing scene. 

Further  north  on  the  street,  the  efforts  of  the 
firemen  and  the  eastward  tendency  of  the  wind 
had  preserved  the  houses  facing  west  on  Clinton 
street — the  southern  ones  being  mere  shells,  but 
the  condition  improving  as  one  went  northward. 
The  buildings  were  all  much  scorched,  however, 
and  rendered  uninhabitable  by  fire  and  water. 
But  though  these  somber  and  forbidding  looking 
tenements  generally  barred  the  view,  yet,  through 
alleys  and  occasionally  breaks  in  the  buildings, 
one  could  get  a  glimpse  into  the  furnace  which  lay 
beyond,  as  if  one  were  gazing  into  the  portals  of 
hell." 

Mrs.  Alfred  Hebard,  one  of  the  guests  at  the 
Palmer  House  on  the  night  of  the  Chicago  fire, 
narrated  the  following: 

"Journeying  from  New  London,  Conn.,  with 
my  husband  'and  daughter  to  our  home  in  Iowa, 


of  (Etjtragn  35 


it  was  found  necessary,  as  often  before,  to  spend 
Sunday  in  Chicago,  and  all  through  the  weary 
hours  of  October  8th,  1871,  we  were  enjoying 
pleasant  anticipations  of  rest  and  comfort  so  sure 
to  be  found  at  the  Palmer  House.  Arriving  late, 
and  leaving  most  of  our  baggage  at  the  Union 
Depot,  we  were  soon  comfortably  established  at 
the  hotel,  which  seemed  almost  like  a  home  to  us. 
The  wind  was  high  on  Sunday  morning,  and  kept 
increasing;  and  as  we  walked  to  church  covering 
our  faces  from  the  dust,  my  husband  remarked, 
'How  fortunate  the  fire  was  last  night  instead  of 
today. ' 

"Returning  from  an  evening  service,  we  were 
told  that  another  fire  had  broken  out  in  the 
western  part  of  the  city,  and  was  progressing 
rapidly.  We  immediately  took  the  elevator  to  the 
upper  story  of  the  Palmer,  saw  the  fire,  but 
deciding  that  it  would  not  cross  the  river  descend- 
ed to  our  rooms  in  the  second  story  to  prepare  for 
sleep.  Husband  and  daughter  soon  retired;  I 
remained  up  to  prepare  for  the  morrow's  journey, 
and  thus  gain  a  little  time  for  shopping  before 
the  departure  of  the  train  at  eleven  a.  m.  Feeling 
somewhat  uneasy,  I  frequently  opened  the  blinds, 
and  each  time  found  the  light  in  the  streets 
increased,  until  every  spire  and  dome  seemed 
illuminated.  I  aroused  my  husband  asking  him 
to  go  out  and  investigate  once  more,  which  he 
did,  telling  me,  on  his  return,  not  to  be  alarmed, 
as  there  was  no  danger  in  our  locality.  About 
eleven  p.  m.  I  retired,  but  could  not  sleep,  and  it 


36  8>t0r     of 


seemed  not  more  than  an  hour  before  there  was 
a  rapping  at  every  door,  and  finally  at  ours,  to 
which  my  husband  responded  very  cooly, 
'What's  wanted?'  'Fire,  sir,'  was  the  answer, 
and  the  same  moment  we  were  on  our  feet.  Our 
daughter  was  awakened,  toilets  soon  made,  and 
no  time  wasted  in  gathering  together  bags  and 
shawls,  ready  for  departure.  By  this  time  my 
husband  who  had  stepped  out  to  reconnoiter, 
returned,  saying  that  everyone  was  stirring,  and 
that  he  saw  gentlemen  dragging  their  own 
trunks  down  the  stairs.  The  clerk  at  the  office 
assured  him  there  was  no  immediate  danger,  but 
they  thought  it  well  enough  to  be  prepared. 

"Then  we  once  more  all  went  to  the  seventh 
story,  looked  in  vain  for  any  evidence  that  the 
fire  was  decreasing,  returned  to  our  rooms, 
picked  up  our  parcels,  including  the  trunk  (for 
no  porters  were  to  be  found),  descended  to  the 
office,  paid  our  bill,  and  sat  down  to  watch  and 
wait.  Finally  leaving  our  daughter  in  charge  of 
the  baggage,  I  went  with  my  husband  to  the 
street,  and  around  to  the  rear  of  the  building 
where  the  fire  was  distinctly  visible,  and  appar- 
ently only  two  blocks  from  us.  Within  the 
house  the  perfect  quiet  had  astonished  us — every 
man  taking  care  01  his  own,  silently  and  rapidly, 
few  words  being  spoken;  only  some  ladies, 
unaccompanied  by  gentlemen,  consulting  to- 
gether in  whispers  what  they  should  do  if  com- 
pelled to  leave  the  house.  Outside  we  found 
confusion;  Irish  women,  with  bedding  upon  their 


at  fllljtragfl  37 


shoulders,  crying  noisily;  children  following  as 
best  they  might;  and  all  going  —  they  knew  not 
whither  —  only  away  from  their  burning  homes. 
Evidently  the  Palmer  House  was  in  great  danger, 
and  it  was  better  to  leave  it  now  than  wait;  but 
how  to  remove  our  baggage  was  the  next  question. 
Once  we  thought  we  had  secured  a  cart  or  wagon, 
but  no  sooner  was  the  trunk  thrown  on  than  it 
was  pulled  off  again  by  some  one  claiming  a 
prior  right,  and  we  were  glad  to  accept  the 
service  of  two  boys,  who,  for  sufficient  compen- 
sation, agreed  to  carry  it  between  them,  and  thus 
we  sallied  forth,  a  little  before  one  a.  m.,  to  reach, 
if  possible,  the  house  of  my  relative,  Mr.  G.  S. 
Hubbard,  on  LaSalle  street,  a  long  mile  and  a 
half  from  the  hotel.  Our  boys  ran  at  full  speed, 
and  we  followed  crossing  State  street  bridge,  amid 
a  shower  of  coals  driven  by  the  furious  wind 
from  burning  buildings  and  lumber  yards,  and 
which  seeming  to  be  caught  by  an  eddy,  were 
whirled  in  our  faces. 

"The  crowd  thickened  every  moment;  women 
with  babies  and  bundles,  men  with  kegs  of  beer  — 
all  jostling,  scolding,  crying  or  swearing;  and  we 
were  thankful  to  turn  from  this  great  thorough- 
fare to  a  more  quiet  street,  calling  to  the  boys  to 
slacken  their  speed  and  give  us  a  chance  to 
breathe.  It  must  have  been  1  :30  a.  m.  when  we 
reached  Mr.  Hubbard's,  thankful  that  we  had, 
as  we  supposed,  found  a  place  of  safety.  We 
dismissed  our  boys  with  $10  for  their  services,  and 
ringing  for  admission,  were  met  at  the  door  by 


38 gtorg  of  (Cfrtnigo 

our  friends,  who  were  all  astir — less  on  account  of 
apprehension  for  their  own  safety  than  a  desire 
to  nelp  others.  Soon  other  friends  of  the  family 
began  to  arrive,  some  already  homeless,  until  the 
rooms  were  filled. 

"The  fire  meanwhile  was  coming  nearer,  and 
just  as  we  began  in  earnest  to  pack  necessary 
things  for  removal,  the  gas  works  were  destroyed 
and  candles  had  to  be  resorted  to.  Everyone 
thought  that  house  might  be  saved,  standing  as  it 
did  on  a  corner  and  disconnected  from  every 
other  building,  but  we  worked  on  through  the 
night  preparing  for  the  worst,  and  running  often 
to  the  garret  to  see  if  the  worst  was  not  over. 
In  the  early  morning  men  came,  tore  up  carpets 
to  cover  the  roof,  draining  both  cisterns  to  keep 
the  carpets  wet,  hoping  if  possible  to  stop  the 
fire  at  that  corner.  Oh!  how  they  worked. 
The  thoughtful  family  provided  refreshments  as 
long  as  it  was  possible,  and  when  all  supplies 
were  exhausted  the  men  labored  on — panting 
and  parched  with  thirst — drinking  the  very  dregs 
of  the  cistern  water,  from  tubs  in  the  kitchen,  as 
they  passed  through.  All  said,  "This  house  will 
not  burn,"  but  they  might  as  well  have  tried  to 
quench  Vesuvius.  The  heat  increased.  A 
wooden  block  near  by  flashed  into  flames  and  at 
11  a.  m.  the  corner  was  blazing  and  we  were 
obliged  to  go  out  through  the  alley  to  escape  the 
heat  and  cinders,  but  where  to  go  we  could  not 
tell.  From  this  point  it  is  impossible  for  me  to 
describe  the  course  of  our  wanderings.  I  only 


af  (Hhtragn  39 


know  that  we  crossed  to  the  west  side  of  the  river 
and  reached  some  depot — I  think  the  North- 
western— in  season  to  see  the  train  departing, 
but  hearing  that  a  train  on  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton and  Quincy  Railroad  would  leave  about 
3  p.  m.,  we  again  set  forth.  It  was  a  weary 
march  of  many  miles  after  leaving  LaSalle  street. 
Exhausted  and  footsore  we  often  sat  on  the  door- 
steps and  curbstones  to  rest — drank  beer  at  the 
street  corners,  and  finally  at  a  little  station  in  the 
outskirts  of  the  city,  in  company  with  the  refugees 
like  ourselves,  we  patiently  waited  for  the 
departure  of  the  tram  for  Aurora,  where  we 
passed  the  night.  Strange  to  say,  we  lost  nothing 
by  the  fire,  the  baggage  at  the  Union  Depot  was 
all  moved  and  protected — the  few  things  at 
Mr.  Hubbard's  were  not  stolen  like  some  of 
theirs,  but  were  all  carefully  restored  to  us." 

THE  PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS. 

Chicago  today  has  the  most  beautiful  parks  in 
the  world,  many  of  them  laid  out  years  ago  with 
a  lavish  hand  as  to  size  and  have  been  improved 
with  rare  skill  and  care,  until  they  present  a  scene 
of  loveliness  unsurpassed.  They  are  the  breath- 
ing spots  of  the  metropolis  and  thousands  on 
Sundays,  holidays  and  other  occasions  flock  to 
these  leafy  bowers  to  enjoy  the  scenery  and  the 
shade  of  the  trees  and  at  the  same  time  to  satisfy 
the  esthetic  side  of  their  natures  by  viewing  the 
richness  of  the  flowers.  Here  may  be  seen  every 


40 


of  (Etjiraga 


kind  of  shrub,  vistas  of  beautiful  lawns,  edged  and 
decorated  with  trees  from  almost  every  clime  and 
many  of  surpassing  beauty.  The  lakes  of  vast 
dimensions,  populated  with  water  fowl  from 
different  parts  of  the  world,  together  with  aquatic 
plants  which  in  their  season  present  a  scene  that 
charms  and  which  cannot  fail  to  be  interesting 


GRANT    MONUMENT,    LINCOLN    PARK 

and  elevating  to  the  mind.  The  collection  of 
wild  animals  from  all  parts  of  the  world  in  Lin- 
coln Park  is  unsurpassed  by  anything  of  the 
kind  anywhere. 

These  parks  occupy  4,428.50  acres  and  they  are 
all  connected  by  a  system  of  boulevards  which 
makes  one  of  the  most  beautiful  drives  anywhere 
to  be  found,  and  presents  a  scene  of  life  and 


g>tnnj  of  OHyirago  41 

gayety  during  the  summer  season  which  is  diffi- 
cult to  describe. 

Here  are  to  be  found  the  largest  conservatories 
and  greenhouses  for  the  display  and  cultivation 
of  many  varieties  of  foliage  and  blossoming 
plants  that  are  to  be  seen  anywhere.  These 
present  scenes  of  attractiveness  during  the  winter 
months  which  draw  thousands  to  these  treasures 
of  beauty  and  serve  to  gratify  those  privileged  to 
view  them,  proving  both  interesting  and  in- 
structive to  all. 

In  addition  to  the  parks  there  are  the  municipal 
play  grounds  fitted  up  with  all  kinds  of  appliances 
for  athletic  exercises  and  amusement  for  the 
children  of  the  different  sections.  These  grounds 
are  scattered  all  over  the  city  and  a  large  attend- 
ance attests  their  popularity.  They  are  main- 
tained in  good  order  and  present  a  feature  for 
the  young  folk  which  is  altogether  attractive. 
The  total  attendance  at  the  municipal  play 
grounds  in  1909  was  2,396,182  and  in  1910, 
2,969,197. 

CHICAGO  IN  1887. 

Under  the  title  of  "Studies  of  the  Great  West" 
there  appeared  an  article  in  Harper's  New 
Monthly  Magazine  in  May,  1888,  by  the  late 
Charles  Dudley  Warner.  This  contribution  is 
especially  valuable  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
Cnicago  at  the  time  it  was  written  had  not  yet 
reached  the  million  mark : 


42  &tary  of 


"  Chicago  is  becoming  modest.  Perhaps  the 
inhabitants  may  still  be  able  to  conceal  their 
modesty,  but  nevertheless  they  feel  it.  The 
explanation  is  simple.  The  city  has  grown  not 
only  beyond  the  most  sanguine  expectations  of 
those  who  indulged  in  the  most  inflated  hope  of 
its  future,  but  it  has  grown  beyond  what  they 
said  they  expected.  This  gives  the  citizens 
pause  —  as  it  might  an  eagle  that  laid  a  roc's  egg. 

The  fact  is,  Chicago  has  become  an  indepen- 
dent organism,  growing  by  a  combination  of 
forces  and  opportunities  beyond  the  contrivance 
of  any  combination  of  men  to  help  or  hinder, 
beyond  the  need  of  flaming  circulars  and  reports 
of  boards  of  trade  and  process  pictures.  It  has 
passed  the  danger  or  the  fear  of  rivalry,  and 
reached  the  point  where  the  growth  of  any  other 
portion  of  the  great  Northwest,  or  of  any  city  in 
it  (whatever  rivalry  that  city  may  show  in 
industries  or  in  commerce),  is  in  some  way  a 
contribution  to  the  power  and  wealth  of  Chicago. 
To  them  that  have  shall  be  given.  Cities,  under 
favoring  conditions,  for  local  expansion,  which 
reach  a  certain  amount  of  population  and  wealth, 
grow  by  a  kind  of  natural  increment,  the  law  of 
attraction,  very  well  known  in  human  nature, 
which  draws  a  person  to  an  active  city  of  two 
hundred  thousand  rather  than  to  a  stagnant  city 
of  one  hundred  thousand.  And  it  is  a  fortunate 
thing  for  civilization  that  this  attraction  is  almost 
as  strong  to  men  of  letters  as  it  is  to  men  of 
affairs.  Chicago  has,  it  seems  to  me,  only  recently 


44  £targ  of  QH|iragu 


turned  this  point  of  assured  expansion,  and,  as 
I  intimated,  the  inhabitants  have  hardly  yet 
become  accustomed  to  this  idea;  but  I  believe 
that  the  time  is  near  when  they  will  be  as  in- 
different to  what  strangers  think  of  Chicago  as 
the  New  Yorkers  are  to  what  strangers  think  of 
New  York.  New  York  is  today  the  only 
American  city  free  from  this  anxious  note  of 
provincialism  —  though  in  Boston  it  rather  takes 
the  form  of  pity  for  the  unenlightened  man  who 
doubts  its  superiority;  but  the  impartial  student 
of  Chicago  today  can  see  plenty  of  signs  of  the 
sure  growth  of  this  metropolitan  indifference. 
And  yet  there  is  still  here  enough  of  the  old 
Chicago  stamp  to  make  the  place  interesting. 

It  is  everything  in  getting  a  point  of  view. 
Last  summer  a  lady  of  New  Orleans,  who  had 
never  before  been  out  of  her  native  French  city, 
and  who  would  look  upon  the  whole  North  with 
the  impartial  eyes  of  a  foreigner  —  and  more  than 
that,  with  Continental  eyes  —  visited  Chicago,  and 
afterward  New  York.  "Which  city  did  you  like 
best?"  I  asked,  without  taking  myself  seriously 
in  the  question.  To  my  surprise,  she  hesitated. 
This  hesitation  was  fatal  to  all  my  preconceived 
notions.  It  mattered  not  thereafter  which  she 
preferred;  she  had  hesitated.  She  was  actually 
comparing  Chicago  to  New  York  in  her  mind,  as 
one  might  compare  Paris  and  London.  The 
audacity  of  the  comparison  I  saw  was  excused  by 
its  innocence.  I  confess  that  it  had  never  occur- 
red to  me  to  think  of  Chicago  in  that  Continental 


of  <£Ijirag0  45 


light.  "Well,"  she  said,  not  seeing  at  all  the 
humor  of  my  remark,  "Chicago  seems  to  me  to 
have  finer  buildings  and  residences,  to  be  the 
more  beautiful  city;  but  of  course  there  is  more 
in  New  York;  it  is  a  greater  city;  and  I  should 
prefer  to  live  there  for  what  I  want."  This 
naive  observation  set  me  thinking,  and  I  won- 
dered if  there  was  a  point  of  view,  say  that  of 
divine  omniscience  and  fairness,  in  which  Chi- 


SITE  OF  MARSHALL  FIELD'S  STORE  AS  IT  WAS  IN  1839 

cago  would  appear  as  one  of  the  great  cities  of  the 
world,  in  fact  a  metropolis  by  and  by  to  rival  in 
population  and  wealth  any  city  of  the  seaboard. 
It  has  certainly  better  commercial  advantages,  so 
far  as  water  communication  and  railways  go, 
than  Paris  or  Pekin  or  Berlin,  and  a  territory  to 
supply  and  receive  from  infinitely  vaster,  richer, 
and  more  promising  than  either.  This  territory 
will  have  many  big  cities,  but  in  the  nature  of 
things  only  one  of  surpassing  importance.  And 


46  &t0rg  of  dfjiragn 


taking  into  account  its  geographical  position — 
a  thousand  miles  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard  on 
the  one  side,  and  from  the  mountains  on  the 
other,  with  the  acknowledged  tendency  of  people 
and  of  money  to  it  as  a  continental  center — it 
seems  to  me  that  Chicago  is  to  be  that  one. 

The  growth  of  Chicago  is  one  of  the  marvels 
of  the  world.  I  do  not  wonder  that  it  is  incom- 
prehensible even  to  those  who  have  seen  it  year 
by  year.  As  I  remember  it  in  1860,  it  was  one  of 
the  shabbiest  and  most  unattractive  cities  of 
about  a  hundred  thousand  inhabitants  anywhere 
to  be  found;  but  even  then  it  had  more  than 
trebled  its  size  in  ten  years;  the  streets  were  mud 
sloughs,  the  sidewalks  were  a  series  of  stairs  and 
more  of  less  rotten  planks,  half  the  town  was  in 
process  of  elevation  above  the  tadpole  level,  and 
a  considerable  part  of  it  was  on  wheels — the 
moving  house  being  about  the  only  wheeled 
vehicle  that  could  get  around  with  any  comfort 
to  the  passengers.  The  West  Side  was  a  strag- 
gling shanty-town,  the  North  Side  was  a  country 
village  with  two  or  three  "aristocratic"  houses 
occupying  a  square,  the  South  Side  had  not  a 
handsome  business  building  in  it,  nor  a  public 
edifice  of  any  merit  except  a  couple  of  churches, 
but  there  were  a  few  pleasant  residences  on 
Michigan  avenue  fronting  the  encroaching  lake, 
and  on  Wabash  avenue.  Yet  I  am  not  sure  that 
even  then  the  exceedingly  busy  and  excited 
traders  and  speculators  did  not  feel  that  the  town 
was  more  important  than  New  York.  For  it  had 


at  (Tlnrauu 


47 


a  great  business.  Aside  from  its  real  estate 
operations,  its  trade  that  year  was  set  down  at 
$97,000,000,  embracing  its  dealing  in  produce,  its 
wholesale  supply  business,  and  its  manufacturing. 
No  one  then,  however,  would  have  dared  to 
predict  that  the  value  of  trade  in  1887  would  be, 
as  it  was,  $1,103,000,000.  Nor  could  anyone 


mmmmmmmmmmmmm  m 


MARSHALL   FIELD    &   CO.'S   BUILDING 

have  believed  that  the  population  of  100,000 
would  reach  in  1887  nearly  800,000  (estimated 
782,644),  likely  to  reach  in  1888,  with  the  an- 
nexation of  contiguous  villages  that  have  become 
physically  a  part  of  the  city,  the  amount  of 
900,000.  Growing  at  its  usual  rate  for  several 
years  past,  the  city  is  certain  in  a  couple  of  years 
to  count  its  million  of  people.  And  there  is  not 
probably  anywhere  congregated  a  more  active 


48  &>tnrg  uf  Qlljtragn 

and  aggressive  million,  with  so  great  a  proportion 
of  young,  ambitious  blood. 

In  1888  Chicago  is  a  magnificent  city.  Al- 
though it  has  been  incorporated  fifty  years,  dur- 
ing which  period  its  accession  of  population  has 
been  rapid  and  steady — hardly  checked  by  the 
devastating  fires  of  1871  and  1874 — its  metro- 
politan character  and  appearance  is  the  work  of 
less  than  fifteen  years.  There  is  in  history  no 
parallel  to  this  product  of  a  freely  acting  democ- 
racy; not  St.  Petersburg  rising  out  of  the  marshes 
at  an  imperial  edict,  nor  Berlin,  the  magic  crea- 
tion of  a  consolidated  empire  and  a  Caesar's 
power.  The  North  Side  village  has  become  a 
city  of  broad  streets,  running  northward  to  the 
parks,  lined  with  handsome  residences  inter- 
spersed with  stately  mansions  of  most  varied  and 
agreeable  architecture,  marred  by  very  little  that 
is  bizarre  and  pretentious — a  region  of  churches 
and  club-houses  and  public  buildings  of  im- 
portance. The  West  Side,  the  largest  section, 
and  containing  more  population  than  the  other 
two  divisions  combined,  stretching  out  over  the 
prairie  to  a  horizon  fringed  with  villages,  ex- 
panding in  three  directions,  is  more  mediocre  in 
buildings,  but  impressive  in  its  vastness;  and  the 
stranger  driving  out  on  the  stately  Washington 
street  some  four  miles  to  Garfield  Park  will  be 
astonished  by  the  evidences  of  wealth  and  the 
vigor  of  the  city  expansion. 

But  it  is  the  business  portion  of  the  South  Side 
that  is  the  miracle  of  the  time,  the  solid  creation  of 


of 


49 


energy  and  capital  since  the  fire — The  square 
mile  containing  the  Postoffice  and  City  Hall,  the 
giant  hotels,  the  opera-houses  and  theatres,  the 
Board  of  Trade  Building,  the  many-storied 
offices,  the  great  shops,  the  club-houses,  the  vast 
retail  and  wholesale  warehouses.  This  area  has 


CHICAGO  POST  OFFICE,   1880. 

the  advantage  of  some  other  great  business 
centres  in  having  broad  streets  at  right  angles, 
but  with  all  this  openness  for  movement,  the 
throng  of  passengers  and  traffic,  the  intersecting 
street  and  cable  railways,  the  loads  of  freight  and 
the  crush  of  carriages,  the  life  and  hurry  and 
excitement  are  sufficient  to  satisfy  the  most 
eager  lover  of  metropolitan  pandemonium.  Un- 


50  &fflrij  af 


fortunately  for  a  clear  comprehension  of  it,  the 
manufactories  vomit  dense  clouds  of  bituminous 
coal  smoke,  which  settle  in  a  black  mass  in  this 
part  of  the  town,  so  that  one  can  scarcely  see 
across  the  street  in  a  damp  day,  and  the  huge 
buildings  loom  up  in  the  black  sky  in  ghostly 
dimness.  The  climate  of  Chicago,  though  some 
ten  degrees  warmer  than  the  average  of  its 
immediately  tributary  territory,  is  a  harsh  one, 
and  in  the  short  winter  days  the  centre  of  the 
city  is  not  only  black  but  damp  and  chilly.  In 
some  of  the  November  and  December  days  I 
could,  without  any  stretch  of  the  imagination, 
fancy  myself  in  London.  On  a  Sunday,  when 
business  gives  place  to  amusement  and  religion, 
the  stately  city  is  seen  in  all  its  fine  proportions. 
No  other  city  in  the  Union  can  show  business 
warehouses  and  offices  of  more  architectural 
nobility.  The  mind  inevitably  goes  to  Florence 
for  comparison  with  the  structures  of  the 
Medicean  merchant  princes.  One  might  name 
the  Pullman  Building  for  offices  as  an  example, 
and  the  wholesale  warehouse  of  Marshall  Field, 
the  work  of  that  truly  original  American  archi- 
tect, Richardson,  which  in  massiveness,simplicity 
of  lines,  and  admirable  blending  of  artistic 
beauty  with  adaptability  to  its  purpose  seems  to 
me  unrivaled  in  this  country.  A  few  of  these 
buildings  are  exceptions  to  the  general  style  of 
architecture,  which  is  only  good  of  its  utilitarian 
American  kind,  but  they  give  distinction  to  the 
town,  and  I  am  sure  are  prophetic  of  the  concrete 


of  (Eljtntgn 


51 


form  the  wealth  of  the  city  will  take.  The 
visitor  is  likely  to  be  surprised  at  the  number  and 
size  of  the  structures  devoted  to  offices,  and  to 
think,  as  he  sees  some  of  them  unfilled,  that  the 
business  is  overdone.  At  any  given  moment  it 
may  be,  but  the  demand  for  "offices"  is  always 
surprising  to  those  who  pay  most  attention  to  this 


FIELD   MUSEUM 


subject,  and  I  am  told  that  if  the  erection  of  office 
buildings  should  cease  for  a  year  the  demand 
would  pass  beyond  the  means  of  satisfying  it. 

Leaving  the  business  portion  of  the  South 
Side,  the  city  runs  in  apparently  limitless  broad 
avenues  southward  into  suburban  villages  and  a 
region  thickly  populated  to  the  Indiana  line. 
The  continuous  slightly  curving  lake  front  of  the 
city  is  about  seven  miles,  pretty  solidly  occupied 


52  &tnry  of  (Etjirago 

with  houses.  The  Michigan  avenue  of  1860, 
with  its  wooden  fronts  and  cheap  boarding-houses, 
has  taken  on  quite  another  appearance,  and 
extends  its  broad  way  in  unbroken  lines  of  fine 
residences  five  miles,  which  will  be  six  miles 
next  summer,  when  its  opening  is  completed  to 
the  entrance  of  Washington  Park.  I  do  not 
know  such  another  street  in  the  world.  In  the 
evening  the  converging  lines  of  gas  lamps  offer 
a  prospective  of  unequalled  beauty  of  its  kind. 
The  South  Parks  are  reached  now  by  turning 
either  into  the  Drexel  Boulevard  or  the  Grand 
Boulevard,  a  magnificent  avenue  a  mile  in 
length,  tree-planted,  gay  with  flower  beds  in  the 
season,  and  crowded  in  the  sleighing  time  with 
fast  teams  and  fancy  turnouts. 

This  leads  me  to  speak  of  another  feature  of 
Chicago,  which  has  no  rival  in  this  country;  I 
mean  the  facility  for  pleasure  driving  and  riding. 
Michigan  avenue  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
the  centre  of  the  town,  is  macadamized.  It  and 
the  other  avenues  immediately  connected  with 
the  park  system  are  not  included  in  the  city 
street  department,  but  are  under  the  care  of  the 
Commissioners  of  Parks.  No  traffic  is  permitted 
on  them,  and  consequently  they  are  in  superb 
condition  for  driving,  summer  and  winter.  The 
whole  length  of  Michigan  avenue  you  will  never 
see  a  loaded  team.  These  roads,  that  is  Mich- 
igan avenue  and  the  others  of  the  park  system, 
and  the  park  drives,  are  superb  for  driving  or 
riding,  perfectly  made  for  drainage  and  per- 


of  dljtrago  53 


manency,  with  a  top-dressing  of  pulverized 
granite.  The  cost  of  Michigan  avenue  drive  was 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars  a  mile.  The  cost 
of  the  parks  and  boulevards  in  each  of  the  three 
divisions  is  met  by  a  tax  on  the  property  in  that 
division.  The  tax  is  considerable,  but  the  wise 
liberality  of  the  citizens  has  done  for  the  town 
what  only  royalty  usually  accomplishes  —  given 
it  magnificent  roads.  And  if  good  roads  are  a 
criterion  of  civilization,  Chicago  must  stand 
very  high.  But  it  needed  a  community  with 
a  great  deal  of  dating  and  confidence  in  the 
future  to  create  this  park  system. 

One  in  the  heart  of  the  city  has  not  to  drive 
three  or  four  miles  over  cobble-stones  and  ruts 
to  get  to  good  driving-ground.  When  he  has 
entered  Michigan  avenue  he  need  not  pull  rein 
for  twenty  to  thirty  miles.  This  is  almost 
literally  true  as  to  extent,  without  counting  the 
miles  of  fine  drives  in  the  parks.  For  the  city 
proper  is  circled  by  great  parks,  already  laid  out 
as  pleasure-grounds,  tree-planted  and  beautified 
to  a  high  degree,  although  they  are  nothing  to 
what  cultivation  will  make  them  in  ten  years 
more.  On  the  lake  shore,  at  the  south,  is  Jack- 
son Park;  next  is  Washington  Park,  twice  as 
large  as  Central  Park,  New  York;  then,  further 
to  the  west  and  north,  Douglas  Park  and 
Garfield  Park;  then  Humboldt  Park,  until  we 
come  around  to  Lincoln  Park,  on  the  lake  shore 
on  the  North  Side.  These  parks  are  connected 
by  broad  boulevards,  some  of  which  are  not  yet 


54 


£>turg  of  (Cljiragn 


fully  developed,  thus  forming  a  continuous  park 
drive,  with  enough  of  nature  and  enough  of 
varied  architecture  for  variety,  unsurpassed,  I 
should  say,  in  the  world  within  any  city  limits. 
Washington  Park,  with  a  slightly  rolling  surface 
and  beautiful  landscape  gardening,  has  not  only 
fine  driveways,  but  a  splendid  road  set  apart  for 


CORNER    MADISON    AND    WABASH    AVENUE 

horsemen.  This  is  a  dirt  road,  always  well 
sprinkled,  and  the  equestrian  has  a  chance 
besides  of  a  gallop  over  springy  turf.  Water  is 
now  so  abundantly  provided  that  this  park  is 
kept  green  in  the  driest  season.  From  any- 
where in  the  south  side  one  may  mount  his  horse 
or  enter  his  carriage  for  a  turn  of  fifteen  or  twenty 
miles  on  what  is  equivalent  to  a  country  road, 
that  is  to  say,  an  English  country  road.  Of 


BLACKSTONE    HOTEL 


56  S>tnnj   of  (Eljuagn 

the  effect  of  this  facility  on  social  life,  I  shall  have 
occasion  to  speak. 

Almost  equal  facility  for  driving  and  riding  is 
had  on  the  North  Side  by  taking  the  lake  shore 
drive  to  Lincoln  Park.  Too  much  cannot  be 
said  of  the  beauty  of  this  drive  along  the  curving 
shore  of  an  inland  sea;  ever  attractive  in  the  play 
of  changing  lights  and  colors,  and  beginning  to  be 
fronted  by  palatial  houses — a  foretaste  of  the 
coming  Venetian  variety  and  splendor.  The 
park  itself,  dignified  by  the  Lincoln  statue,  is 
an  exquisite  piece  of  restful  landscape,  looked 
over  by  a  thickening  assemblage  of  stately 
residences.  It  is  a  quarter  of  spacious  elegance. 

One  hardly  knows  how  to  speak  justly  of 
either  the  physical  aspect  or  the  social  life  of 
Chicago,  the  present  performance  suggesting 
such  promise  and  immediate  change.  The 
excited  admiration  waits  a  little  upon  expectation. 
I  should  like  to  see  it  in  five  years — in  ten  years; 
it  is  a  formative  period,  but  one  of  such  excellence 
of  execution  that  the  imagination  takes  a  very 
high  flight  in  anticipating  the  result  of  another 
quarter  of  a  century.  What  other  city  has 
begun  so  nobly  or  has  planned  so  liberally  for 
metropolitan  solidity,  elegance,  and  recreation  ? 
What  other  has  such  magnificent  avenues  and 
boulevards,  and  such  a  system  of  parks  ?  The 
boy  is  born  here  who  will  see  the  town  expanded 
far  beyond  these  splendid  pleasure  grounds,  and 
what  is  now  the  circumference  of  the  city  will 
be  to  Chicago  what  the  vernal  gardens  from  St. 


of  dtjtragn  57 


James  to  Hampton  are  to  London.  This  antici- 
pation hardly  seems  strange  when  one  remembers 
what  Chicago  was  fifteen  years  ago. 

Architecturally  Chicago  is  more  interesting 
than  many  older  cities.  Its  wealth  and  oppor- 
tunity for  fine  building  coming  when  our  national 
taste  is  beginning  to  be  individual,  it  has  escaped 
the  monotony  and  mediocrity  in  which  New 
York  for  so  many  years  put  its  money,  and  out 
of  the  sameness  of  which  it  is  escaping  in  spots. 
Having  also  plenty  of  room,  Chicago  has  been 
able  to  avoid  the  block  system  in  its  residences, 
and  to  give  play  to  variety  and  creative  genius. 
It  is  impossible  to  do  much  with  the  interior  of 
a  house  in  a  block,  however  much  you  may  load 
the  front  with  ornament.  Confined  to  a  long 
parallelogram,  and  limited  as  to  light  and  air, 
neither  comfort  nor  individual  taste  can  be  con- 
sulted or  satisfied.  Chicago  is  a  city  of  detached 
houses,  in  the  humbler  quarters  as  well  as  in  the 
magnificent  avenues,  and  the  effect  is  home-like 
and  beautiful  at  the  same  time.  There  is  great 
variety,  stone,  brick,  and  wood  intermingled, 
plain  and  ornamental;  but  drive  where  you  will 
in  the  favorite  residence  parts  of  the  vast  city, 
you  will  be  continually  surprised  with  the  sight 
of  noble  and  artistic  houses  and  homes  displaying 
taste  as  well  as  luxury.  In  addition  to  the 
business  and  public  buildings  of  which  I  spoke, 
there  are  several,  like  the  Art  Museum,  the 
Studebaker  Building,  and  the  new  Auditorium, 
which  would  be  conspicuous  and  admired  in  any 


58  8>tary  of  QJtyiragn 

city  in  the  world.  The  city  is  rich  in  a  few 
specimens  of  private  houses  by  Mr.  Richardson 
(whose  loss  to  the  country  is  still  apparently 
irreparable),  houses  worth  a  long  journey  to  see, 
so  simple,  so  noble,  so  full  of  comfort,  sentiment, 
unique,  having  what  may  be  called  a  charming 
personality.  As  to  interiors,  there  has  been 
plenty  of  money  spent  in  Chicago  in  mere  show, 
but,  after  all,  I  know  of  no  other  city  that  has 
more  character  and  individuality  in  its  interiors, 
more  evidences  of  personal  refinement  and  taste. 
There  is,  of  course — Boston  knows  that — a  grace 
and  richness  in  a  dwelling  in  which  generations 
have  accumulated  the  best  fruits  of  wealth  and 
cultivation ;  but  any  tasteful  stranger  here,  I  am 
sure,  will  be  surprised  to  find  in  a  city  so  new  so 
many  homes  pervaded  by  the  atmosphere  of 
books  and  art  and  refined  sensibility,  due,  I 
imagine,  mainly  to  the  taste  of  the  woman,  for 
while  there  are  plenty  of  men  here  who  have 
taste,  there  are  very  few  who  have  leisure  to 
indulge  it;  and  I  doubt  if  there  was  ever  anywhere 
a  livable  house — a  man  can  build  a  palace,  but 
he  cannot  make  a  home — that  was  not  the 
creation  of  a  refined  woman.  I  do  not  mean  to 
say  that  Chicago  is  not  still  very  much  the  victim 
of  the  upholsterer,  and  that  the  eye  is  not  offended 
by  a  good  deal  that  is  gaudy  and  pretentious,  but 
there  is  so  much  here  that  is  exquisite  taste  that 
one  has  a  hopeful  heart  about  its  future. 

Chicago  has  a  physical  peculiarity  that  radical- 
ly affects  its  social    condition  and  prevents  its 


60  6>tnrg  of 


becoming  homogeneous.  It  has  one  business 
centre  and  three  distinct  residence  parts,  divided 
by  the  branching  river.  Communications  be- 
tween the  residence  sections  has  to  be  made 
through  the  business  city,  and  is  further  hindered 
by  the  bridge  crossings,  which  cause  irritating 
delays  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  The  result  is 
that  three  villages  grew  up,  now  become  cities  in 
size,  and  each  with  a  peculiar  character.  The 
North  Side  was  originally  the  more  aristocratic, 
and  having  fewer  railways  and  a  less-occupied- 
with-business  lake  front,  was  the  more  agreeable 
as  a  place  of  residence,  always  having  the  draw- 
back of  the  bridge  crossings  to  the  business  part. 
After  the  great  fire,  building  lots  were  cheaper 
there  than  on  the  South  Side  within  reasonable 
distance  of  the  active  city.  It  has  grown  amaz- 
ingly, and  is  beautified  by  stately  houses,  and  fine 
architecture,  and  would  probably  still  be  called 
the  more  desirable  place  of  residence.  But  the 
South  Side  has  two  great  advantages  —  easy 
access  to  the  business  centre  and  to  the  great 
southern  parks  and  pleasure  grounds.  This 
latter  would  decide  many  to  live  there.  The 
vast  West  Side,  with  its  lumber  yards  and  factor- 
ies, its  foreign  settlements,  and  its  population 
outnumbering  the  two  other  sections  combined, 
is  practically  an  unknown  region  socially  to  the 
North  Side  and  South  Side.  The  causes  which 
produced  three  villages  surrounding  a  common 
business  centre  will  continue  to  operate.  The 
West  Side  will  continue  to  expand  with  cheap 


of  dfyfoujo  61 


houses,  or  even  elegant  residences  on  the  park 
avenues — it  is  the  glory  of  Chicago  that  such  a 
large  proportion  of  its  nouses  are  owned  by  their 
occupants,  and  that  there  are  few  tenement 
rookeries,  and  even  few  gigantic  apartment 
houses — over  a  limitless  prairie;  the  North  Side 
will  grow  in  increasing  beauty  about  Lincoln 
Park;  and  the  South  Side  will  more  and  more 
gravitate  with  imposing  houses  about  the  at- 
tractive south  parks.  Thus  the  two  fashionable 
parts  of  the  city,  separated  by  five,  eight  and  ten 
miles,  will  develop  a  social  life  of  their  own, 
about  as  distinct  as  New  York  and  Brooklyn. 
It  remains  to  be  seen  which  will  call  the  other 
"Brooklyn."  At  present  these  divisions  account 
for  much  of  the  disorganization  of  social  life, 
and  prevent  that  concentration  which  seems 
essential  to  the  highest  social  development. 

In  this  situation  Chicago  is  original,  as  she 
is  in  many  other  ways,  and  it  makes  one  of 
the  interesting  phases  in  the  guesses  at  her 
future. 


In  an  article  appearing  in  The  Chicago 
Tribune  of  Sunday,  January  28,  1911,  Mr. 
Walter  D.  Moody  says: 

"In  less  than  fifty  years  Chicago  will  be  the 
metropolis  of  the  world. 

"This  truth  is  proclaimed  by  the  three  great 
factors  that  control  the  destiny  of  modern  cities 
as  to  growth  and  population. 


62  &tanj  nf 


'These  factors  are: 

"1.  The  extent  of  rich  and  populous  territory 
into  which  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  city 
can  be  carried. 

"2.  The  supply  of  raw  material  near  at  hand 
for  feeding  and  housing  its  people  and  for  use  in 
manufacturing  products  to  be  sold  in  the  con- 
tributing territory. 

"3.  The  extent  of  railway  and  water  trans- 
portation by  which  commerce  may  be  easily 
and  cheaply  handled. 

"No  man  who  makes  a  study  of  these  factors 
as  they  affect  Chicago  can  fail  to  see  in  this  city 
the  coming  metropolis  of  the  world. 

"The  history  of  the  growth  of  large  cities  is  the 
growth  of  inland  cities.  London,  Berlin,  Paris, 
Rome,  Chicago  are  inland  cities.  The  growth 
of  the  interior  eventually  makes  its  city  the 
metropolis.  New  York  gained  its  ascendency 
at  a  day  when  the  majority  of  commerce  was  by 
the  high  seas. 

"As  the  interior  began  to  develop  railways 
began  to  reach  out  and  the  country  filled  up. 
The  ascendency  of  New  York  from  that  moment 
was  limited. 

"Transportation  is  the  greatest  power  govern- 
ing the  growth  or  retrogression  of  a  city.  Thirty 
railways  terminate  in  Chicago.  This  city  is 
within  a  night's  ride  of  50,000,000  people.  Any 
one  of  these  can  get  into  a  train  after  dinner  in  the 
evening  and  get  to  Chicago  in  time  for  breakfast. 
Within  this  circle  of  500  miles  is  more  than  half 


of  (Thiruvui  63 


the  population  of  the  United  States  —  and  Chicago 
is  the  center  of  this  circle. 

"Chicago  is  almost  the  geographical  center 
of  the  United  States.  It  lies  at  the  head  of  the 
Mississippi  valley,  the  richest  valley  in  the  world 
and  still  susceptible  of  great  development.  The 
deep  waterway  and  the  development  of  the  harbor 
must  also  be  considered  among  the  possibilities. 
In  the  three  great  factors  that  govern  growth 
Chicago  has  a  position  unequaled  by  any  other 
city  in  existence. 

"The  factors  that  point  to  Chicago's  growth 
also  point  to  New  York's  loss  of  supremacy.  At 
one  time  New  York  controlled  the  manufacturing 
and  jobbing  business  of  the  country  from  coast 
to  coast.  But  some  fifteen  years  ago  a  change 
began.  Today  New  York's  territory  ends  at  the 
Detroit  river  or  in  Chicago  itself.  Chicago  now 
occupies  the  position  toward  the  West  that  New 
York  did  toward  the  whole  United  States. 
Chicago  is  even  invading  New  York  itself.  There 
are  more  than  200  Chicago  industries  that  now 
maintain  New  York  branches.  The  South  in  the 
past  has  turned  to  New  York.  This  was  both 
gratitude  and  habit  —  New  York  cared  for  the 
southern  trade  in  the  days  following  the  war  when 
Chicago  could  not  do  so.  But  in  the  last  ten 
years  a  new  citizenship  has  grown  up  in  the 
South,  one  that  has  no  sectional  prejudices.  The 
South  is  developing  its  resources  in  a  way  little 
dreamed  of.  Chicago  is  the  logical  center  for 
this  trade.  It  is  closer  than  New  York;  it  has 


64  &t0r     of 


better  railway  facilities.  Its  business  men  are 
now  going  after  this  trade  actively  and  success- 
fully. Its  acquisition  will  mean  a  big  growth 
for  the  city. 

PREDICTIONS  OF  AN  ENGLISHMAN. 

"At  the  time  of  the  Association  of  Commerce 
peace  banquet  in  1909  a  delegate  from  London 
said:  'I  have  been  making  comparisons  with 
London.  I  believe  that  in  forty  years  this  will 
be  the  largest  city  in  the  world.'  In  fifty  years 
Chicago  has  added  2,000,000  to  its  population. 
During  forty  years  it  has  added  an  average  of 
75,000  a  year.  Its  natural  conditions,  railroad 
facilities  and  other  advantages  will  continue  to 
operate  to  its  advantage.  There  is  no  question 
to  the  reasoning  mind  that  it  will  become  the 
metropolis  of  the  United  States  within  twenty-five 
years.  Sooner  or  later  it  will  do  what  New  York 
has  done,  absorb  its  rapidly  developing  suburbs. 
Greater  Chicago  will  add  a  million  to  its  popu- 
lation at  one  swoop.  The  city  has  a  right  to  do 
this.  Figuring  the  natural  percentage  of  growth 
from  the  past,  all  arguments  favor  a  city  of 
13,000,000  by  1950.  London  has  about  7,000,- 
000  now  and  is  1,800  years  old.  Chicago  is  but 
seventy-five  years  old.  It  now  has  no  compe- 
tition in  population  except  in  New  York  and 
London.  London  lacks  the  possibilities  of  ex- 
pansion and  sooner  or  later  will  reach  the  max- 
imum of  growth. 


of 


65 


"The  astounding  and  unparalleled  growth  of 
cities  in  the  present  period  will  help  Chicago. 
The  tendency  is  becoming  more  and  more  mark- 
ed for  mankind  to  get  in  close  contact.  Cities 
today  are  larger  than  they  ever  were  before. 
The  dominance  of  railroads  over  the  affairs  of 
mankind  will  mean  the  most  rapid  growth  for 


VIEW  OF  SUBWAY  OF  ILLINOIS  TUNNEL  CO. 

Chicago,  the  greatest  center  of  railroads.  The 
railroads  of  the  United  States  have  a  higher 
standard  than  those  abroad.  This  is  a  com- 
mercial age.  America  is  the  greatest  commercial 
and  industrial  nation.  It  is  rapidly  becoming 

1  t/ 

the  financial  center  of  the  world.  The  time  will 
come  when  it  will  also  hold  the  supremacy  in 
the  arts  and  the  sciences  that  it  now  does 
in  commerce.  All  these  things  will  help 


66  Story  of  (Eljiragn 


to    bring    Chicago   to    the   front   as   the   world 
metropolis." 

The  growth  of  population  in  Chicago  is  shown 
as  follows : 

1895 1,150,000 

1900 1,700,000 

1905 1,900,500 

1910 2,185,000 

1911  (December  estimate)  2,225,000 

The  present  area  of  the  city  is  204  square  miles. 
This  is  divided  into  thirty-five  wards.  The 
Twenty-seventh  ward,  the  largest  in  the  city, 
increased  in  population  for  the  decade  ending  in 
1910,  156  per  cent.  It  now  has  113,336  residents 
and  may  be  taken  as  an  indication  of  the  city's 
possibilities. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  large  foreign 
born  population  in  Chicago  will  also  help  to  make 
it  the  largest  city.  Chicago  has  a  great  percent- 
age of  immigrant  peoples  and  these  peoples  have 
as  a  rule  larger  families  than  the  native  born. 
There  is  no  race  suicide  on  the  West  Side. 


To  show  the  wonderful  manner  in  which  the 
schools  of  Chicago  have  increased  to  keep  pace 
with  its  ever-increasing  population,  it  is  only 
necessary  to  mention  that  in  1841  there  were 
enrolled  in  the  public  schools  a  total  of  410  pupils, 
with  but  five  teachers  in  all  branches.  In  1911 


&fctrg  of  OItjtrag0  67 


there  were  304,146  pupils  enrolled,  with  6,584 
teachers.  The  appropriation  made  for  the  year 
1912  was  $17,146,575.00,  which  means  that  it 
cost  the  city  about  $56.34  for  each  child's 
training  for  that  period.  This  does  not  include 
approximately  about  75,000  pupils  in  parochial 
schools. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  the  public 
schools  of  Chicago  stand  pre-eminent  among 
the  best  of  any  municipality  in  the  country,  and 
every  effort  is  made  to  make  them  as  much  more 
effective  as  possible.  This  city  can  also  boast 
of  the  University  of  Chicago,  one  of  the  most 
richly  endowed  institutions  of  learning  in 
America,  with  an  enrollment  of  6,466  students 
and  330  instructors  in  all  its  branches.  It  was 
founded  in  the  year  1892. 

The  Northwestern  University  of  Evanston, 
Illinois, just  on  the  borders  of  the  City  of  Chicago, 
is  also  another  richly  endowed  institution  of 
learning,  and  has  3,788  students  with  361  in- 
structors. 

There  are  also  numerous  other  places  of  learn- 
ing and  technical  training,  and  Chicago  stands 
prominently  in  the  eyes  of  the  world  as  a  center 
for  a  diversified  class  of  study,  and  students  are 
drawn  from  all  parts  to  these  places  where  may  be 
obtained  knowledge  to  equip  them  for  usefulness 
in  life.  These  institutions  have  received  wide 
recognition  and  enroll  students  of  almost  all 
races  and  nations,  who  have  been  attracted  to 
them  by  their  well-earned  reputations. 


68  &torg  nf  OUjtragn 

FINANCES  AND  BANKING 

The  first  bank  of  Chicago  was  opened  for 
business  about  the  middle  of  December,  1835, 
in  the  four-story  brick  block  then  owned  by 
Garrett  Brown  &  Bros.,  at  the  corner  of  La 
Salle  and  South  Water  streets,  and  immediately 
started  off  with  a  flourishing  business.  The 
cashier  advertised  in  the  American  of  February 
13,  1836,  that  the  bank  was  to  be  open  for  busi- 
ness from  9  o'clock  a.  m.  to  1  o'clock  p.  m., 
that '  'discount  days"  were  Tuesdays  and  Fridays, 
and  that  all  paper  should  be  offered  on  Mondays 
and  Thursdays.  As  an  index  to  the  magni- 
tude of  some  of  the  accounts  as  well  as  the 
heavy  business  then  done  by  one  of  the  leading 
firms,  it  was  stated  in  the  American  of  March 
12,  1836,  that  the  Messrs.  Garrett  Brown 
&  Bros,  from  December  30th,  1835,  to  Febru- 
ary 27th,  1836,  deposited  with  the  Chicago 
Branch  Bank  the  sum  of  $34,359.31.  This 
was  nearly  an  average  of  seven  hundred  dollars 
per  day,  and  at  that  time  was  an  item  of  news 
that  reflected  great  credit  upon  the  enter- 
prising firm  that  did  the  volume  of  business 
evinced  by  their  huge  deposits,  as  well  as  upon 
the  solid  financial  institutions  that  could  be 
trusted  by  them  with  such  a  fabulous  amount. 
The  clearings  for  the  banks  of  Chicago  for  the 
year  1910  reached  the  total  of  $13,939,689,984.43. 
No  other  comment  is  needed  than  point  to  the 
extent  of  the  aggregate  transactions. 


of  OIljiKtga  69 


STREET   NOMENCLATURE 

In  the  Record- Herald  of  Jan.  26th,  1912, 
appeared  an  article  by  Mr.  Arthur  Evans  on 
Names  of  Chicago  Streets.  These  allusions  are 
so  full  of  rich  sentiment  and  historical  asso- 
ciations that  we  give  them  as  follows : 

The  study  of  Chicago  street  names  is  an  inter- 
esting pursuit,  and  it  brings  to  light  many  a  bit 
of  forgotten  history.  The  first  survey  of  Chicago 
was  made  in  1830  by  James  Thompson,  and  em- 
braced an  area  of  about  three-eighths  of  a  square 
mile.  Besides  the  garrison  at  Fort  Dearborn, 
the  population  did  not  exceed  100.  Three  of  the 
boundary  streets  of  the  village  were  named  after 
the  most  prominent  men  of  the  day,  the  survey 
showing  that  Washington  street  was  the  south 
boundary,  Jefferson  street  the  west,  Kinzie  street 
the  north  and  Dearborn  street  the  east.  Dear- 
born street  was  named  after  the  fort,  which  in 
turn  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Henry 
Dearborn,  Secretary  of  War;  Kinzie  street  took 
its  name  from  John  Kinzie,  the  early  white 
settler,  while  the  others  were  named  after  George 
Washington  and  Thomas  Jefferson.  Northward 
from  Washington  street  came  Randolph,  named 
after  John  Randolph  of  Roanoke;  Lake,  after 
Lake  Michigan;  Fulton,  named  after  Robert 
Fulton,  whose  steamboat,  the  Claremont,  had 
made  its  first  trip  on  the  Hudson  between  New 
York  and  Albany  just  twenty-three  years  before 
Chicago  was  mapped  out;  Carroll  street,  after 


70  &>tory  of  (Eljtraga 

Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton,  and  then  Kinzie 
street. 

Eastward  from  Jefferson  the  streets  were 
named  Clinton,  after  DeWitt  Clinton,  chief 
promoter  of  the  Erie  Canal;  Canal,  after  the 
I.  and  M.  Canal;  east  of  the  river  the  first  street 
was  named  Market  street  because  the  city 
market  was  located  in  the  middle  of  the  thorough- 
fare, the  reason  of  its  width;  Franklin  took  its 
name  from  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  Wells  was 
named  after  Captain  William  Wells,  Indian 
agent  at  Fort  Wayne,  who  came  to  Fort  Dearborn 
with  a  band  of  Miamis  in  August,  1812,  to  escort 
the  garrison  and  the  settlers  to  Fort  Wayne.  He 
was  killed  in  the  Fort  Dearborn  massacre  at 
what  is  now  the  foot  of  Eighteenth  street,  and  his 
heart  was  eaten  by  the  savages,  who  believed  that 
thereby  they  would  assimilate  the  courage  of  the 
fallen  scout. 

In  later  years  Wells  street  south  of  the  river 
was  renamed  Fifth  avenue,  an  absurdity  now, 
for  it  is  the  seventh  street  from  the  lake  front. 
North  of  the  river,  however,  the  name  of  the 
gallant  captain  is  still  preserved.  East  of  Wells, 
La  Salle  street  was  named  after  the  great  explorer 
Chevalier  La  Salle,  and  then  came  "Clarke" 
street.  This  was  named  after  George  Rogers 
Clark,  the  intrepid  soldier  who  conquered 
Kaskaskia  and  V7incennes  and  captured  the 
original  Northwest  Territory  from  the  British. 
The  final  "e"  was  dropped  after  it  was  found 
that  it  was  not  part  of  the  soldier's  name.  Poor, 


of  (tffjiragn  71 


pathetic  Clark!  After  winning  the  Northwest 
Territory,  out  of  which  five  states  have  since 
been  formed,  he  spent  his  later  years  in  penury 
and  neglect.  The  honor  of  having  a  great 
Chicago  street  named  after  him  is  perhaps  his 
greatest  memorial,  and  now  there  is  talk  of 
robbing  him  of  that  small  distinction  and  making 
Clark  street  "Fifth  avenue,"  or  "Avenue  E," 
or  something  equally  dreary  and  non-distinctive. 
As  the  town  grew  the  political  fights  of  the 
villagers  were  reflected  in  the  naming  of  new 
streets.  In  those  days  politics  was  tar  more 
passionate  than  now.  When  the  first  street  south 
of  Washington  was  laid  out  the  federalists  wanted 
to  name  it  Adams,  after  the  second  President, 
while  the  opposition  wanted  to  name  it  Madison. 
Madison  carried  the  day.  Later  a  similar  fight 
occurred  over  naming  the  street  south  of  Madison. 
The  federalists  were  beaten  in  their  attempt  to 
name  it  after  President  Adams  and  the  street  was 
christened  after  President  Monroe.  When  the 
next  street  was  laid  out,  however,  the  federalists 
managed  to  win,  and  it  was  called  Adams 
street.  The  anti-federalists,  however,  were  un- 
able to  indorse  with  gusto  the  election  of  John 

O 

Quincy  Adams,  and  accordingly  they  bestowed 
his  name  upon  the  narrow  little  street  abutting 
upon  the  postoffice.  Jackson,  Van  Buren,  Har- 
rison, Tyler,  Polk  and  Taylor  had  streets  named 
after  them,  but  Fillmore  was  ignored,  and  after 
Tyler  left  the  Whig  party  his  name  was  taken  from 
the  street,  which  was  rechristened  Congress  street. 


72  S>fcirg  of  Qltjtrago 

As  the  town  grew  many  names  of  no  signifi- 
cance were  bestowed  upon  the  streets.  Other 
names,  however,  are  of  historical  worth — the 
names  of  men  who  built  Chicago  in  its  early  days, 
the  pioneers  who  founded  a  metropolis.  Others 
recall  interesting  features  of  early  Chicago,  and 
still  others  are  associated  with  names  of  celebrities 
famous  in  history.  For  instance,  there  is  Archer 
road,  which  is  connected  with  one  of  the  most 
important  and  interesting  undertakings  in  the 
history  of  Illinois — the  building  of  the  old 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal.  It  took  its  name 
after  Colonel  William  B.  Archer,  one  of  the 
canal  commissioners,  who  broke  the  first  ground 
for  the  canal  July  4,  1836,  in  the  presence  of 
nearly  every  inhabitant  of  the  village  and  of 
invited  guests  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  Archer 
road  ran  from  Chicago  to  Lockport,  to  facilitate 
the  building  of  the  ditch,  and  for  many  years  it 
was  the  most  traveled  pike  in  the  state. 

Ogden  avenue  is  another  street  with  a  name 
that  means  something.  It  is  named  after  Wil- 
liam B.  Ogden,  first  Mayor  of  Chicago  and  one  of 
the  most  useful  of  its  early  men  of  public  affairs. 

BEAUTIFUL  SUBURBAN  HOMES 

Chicago  is  environed  by  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  suburban  homes  anywhere  to  be  found, 
and  the  accommodations  to  reach  them  is  un- 
surpassed by  any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the 
world.  No  visitor  who  has  seen  its  people  can 


nf  (Eljtragn  73 


understand  them  or  form  a  true  estimate  of 
their  character  until  they  have  seen  where  they 
reside.  If  the  beauty,  majesty  and  grandeur  of 
this  city  strike  with  wonder  all  who  gaze  upon  it 
for  the  first  time  it  is  when  they  visit  the  quiet  and 
beautiful  retreats  of  the  suburbs,  where  thousands 
of  its  best  citizens  make  their  homes,  that  they 
are  more  than  surprised.  The  entrancing  lake 
shore  with  its  hundreds  of  magnificent  residences 
cannot  but  impress  one;  and  in  these  homes  no 
expense  has  been  spared  to  make  them  what 
their  name  implies. 

All  the  conveniences  of  the  city  are  to  be  found 
here.  It  is  the  country  but  with  all  the  modern 
up-to-dateness  of  present-day  refinement.  Elec- 
tric lights,  water,  heat,  gas  and  everything  that 
the  most  exacting  could  possibly  suggest.  There 
are  beautifully  paved  streets,  with  shade  trees  of 
grand  proportions  on  either  side  of  the  drive- 
way to  lend  beauty  and  charm  to  the  scene  and 
appeal  to  the  better  side  of  all.  The  schools 
are  good  and  the  family  enjoys  the  quiet  and 
serenity  of  a  home,  that  is  to  be  found  only  in 
few  places. 

It  is  here  that  the  busy  man  relaxes  from  the 
rush  and  turmoil  of  city  life  and  in  the  bosom  of 
his  family  is  seen  the  true  Chicagoan,  the  man  of 
letters  and  the  man  of  taste.  We  find  him 
surrounded  by  all  that  appeals  to  one  of  culture 
and  refinement.  It  is  here  he  leaves  his  business 
behind  and  is  ever  the  delightful  host  and  the 
genial  gentleman.  It  is  thus  we  know  him. 


74  &tory  of  <Eljtrag0 


When  one  looks  in  upon  these  homes  it  is  easily 
understood  where  the  volume  of  energy  is 
accumulated  to  withstand  the  intensity  of  city 
life  such  as  Chicago  presents.  They  are  the 
great  reservoirs  from  which  renewed  strength  is 
obtained  from  day  to  day  to  be  expended  with  a 
lavish  hand  in  the  battle  of  life.  After  seeing 
him  in  his  home  with  its  surroundings  one  does 
not  wonder  at  the  reserved  force  and  accumulated 
resources  of  the  Chicago  business  man. 

APARTMENT  BUILDINGS. 

There  are  very  few  cities  that  can  boast  of  the 
luxurious  apartment  buildings  which  Chicago 
offers  to  those  who  from  necessity  or  choice  prefer 
to  live  in  this  way.  They  are  fitted  up  to  suit 
the  tastes  and  circumstances  of  all.  Some  of 
them  are  of  great  size  and  are  divided  into  suites 
fitted  with  every  device  to  save  labor  and  con- 
tribute to  the  comfort  of  the  occupant.  Many 
of  these  present  a  striking  and  inviting  appear- 
ance. 

TRANSPORTATION  FROM  EARLIEST  TIMES 

The  account  of  the  street  railways  of  Chicago 
to  one  not  acquainted  with  the  city  and  its  rapid 
growth  reads  like  a  fairy  story,  and  to  one  who 
saw  its  small  beginnings  and  left  the  city  at  that 
time,  not  returning  to  it  until  years  later,  the 
changes  have  been  such  that  they  impress  his 


of  (Ctfirago  75 


mind  like  no  story  ever  told  or  written  could. 
Yet  the  years  intervening  had  been  full  of  labor 
and  thought  to  bring  about  this  excellent,  though 
even  today  inadequate,  system.  Millions  of 
money  has  been  spent  and  energy  and  labor  put 
into  building  and  rebuilding  that  would  seem 
past  belief  if  presented  in  abstract  figures. 

The  first  means  of  transportation,  however, 
was  by  omnibus.  May  19,  1853,  Frank  Parme- 
lee  started  a  regular  service  by  a  line  of  omni- 
buses. For  a  number  of  years  this  company, 
with  many  other  buses  owned  by  private  indi- 
viduals, comprised  all  the  public  transportation 
facilities  of  Chicago,  and  it  was  not  until  some 
years  later  that  street  car  accommodations  were 
introduced.  For  a  long  time  after  their  advent 
buses  were  used  to  carry  people  to  and  from 
business  into  sections  where  the  car  lines  did  not 
penetrate. 

It  is  within  the  memory  of  many  citizens  now 
living,  the  means  of  early  transportation,  and  the 
description  of  one  will  suffice  for  all.  Each  side 
of  West  Madison  street  was  a  thickly  populated 
section  of  the  city  as  far  as  Chicago  avenue  on 
the  north  and  Harrison  street  on  the  south,  reach- 
ing as  far  as  Western  avenue.  There  being  no 
street  railways  except  on  Madison  and  Randolph 
streets  extending  west  as  far  as  Halsted  street, 
lines  of  buses  and  other  conveyances  brought 
the  busy  throng  of  workers  downtown  from  these 
sections,  and  although  there  was  no  monopoly 
of  the  trade  in  those  days,  there  was  intense 


76  &tar     of 


rivalry  among  the  owners  of  these  conveyances, 
and  these  were  of  all  kinds.  Of  course,  the  one 
who  could  get  his  passengers  downtown  first  was 
in  a  fair  way  to  get  all  the  trade,  and  the  one  gain- 
ing this  reputation  had  no  difficulty  in  securing 
a  load.  It  was  very  much  like  the  steamboat 
races  on  the  western  rivers,  and  equally  exciting, 
to  see  these  conveyances  race  in  the  early  morning 
to  land  their  passengers  in  the  business  section. 
It  was  a  scene  full  of  life  and  animation  each 
morning,  all  sorts  of  vehicles  and  nags  of  every 
description.  The  excitement  of  the  drivers  and 
the  yelling  at  the  horses  to  get  them  to  their  ut- 
most speed,  was  exhilarating  to  say  the  least. 

Whether  there  was  more  snow  in  those  days  or 
not  is  for  statisticians  to  decide,  but  this  is  certain, 
there  was  far  more  sleighing  than  now.  Bob 
sleds,  cutters,  and  everything  that  could  be  put  on 
runners  were  used  instead  of  buses  for  the  trans- 
portation of  these  people  during  the  winter 
months,  and  the  prancing  horses  —  it  is  meant 
those  of  them  that  could  prance,  for  they  were  a 
sorry  lot  —  together  with  the  jingling  of  the  sleigh 
bells  made  a  scene  of  animation  not  to  be  for- 
gotten. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  were  the  spring 
months,  after  the  frost  had  left  the  ground.  It 
was  before  the  time  of  paved  streets,  that  is,  in 
the  section  spoken  of.  The  roads  were  unutter- 
ably bad,  presenting  after  a  storm  of  rain  a  sea 
of  mud,  and  it  was  only  the  most  skillful  navi- 
gator who  could  steer  his  way  so  as  to  avoid  the 


of  (Eljtrago  77 


shoals  and  quicksands  that  might  beset  his  path, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  places  where  no  bottom  was 
to  be  found.  It  was  a  common  thing  at  that  time 
to  set  up  a  buoy  in  the  middle  of  the  street  in  the 
shape  of  a  plank  with  a  sign  marked  in  plain 
letters  warning  the  unwary  navigator  that  there 
was  "no  bottom." 

Stories  have  been  told  of  horses  and  travelers 
becoming  engulfed  in  these  bottomless  morasses, 
in  these  days  called  roads,  which  possibly  may 
have  had  foundation  in  fact.  The  writer  once 
saw  a  team  of  horses  that  had  been  drowned  in  a 
ditch  that  is  now  within  the  corporate  limits  of 
the  city,  and  on  another  occasion  helped  to  dig 
out  a  farm  wagon  and  a  team  of  horses  on  West 
Madison  street  near  Central  avenue,  the  wagon 
containing  the  farmer  and  his  wife  and  two 
children.  They  had  been  swallowed  up  in  a 
ditch  which  had  become  undistinguishable  from 
the  road  on  account  of  the  accumulation  of  snow. 
This  occurred  in  about  the  year  1879  when  that 
portion  of  the  city  was  open  country  with  but  a 
few  scattered  residences. 

Getting  downtown  in  those  days  may  be  left 
to  the  imagination  of  the  reader.  In  the  spring 
months  it  was  by  no  means  a  light  undertaking. 

STREET  RAILWAYS 

The  first  line  of  cars  was  on  State  street,  be- 
tween Randolph  and  Twelfth  streets,  and  these 
commenced  operations  April  25th,  1859.  The 


78  &tflrg  of  Ctjiragn 

Madison  street  line  was  opened  May  20th,  1859, 
and  extended  from  Halsted  to  State  street.  The 
Randolph  street  line  opened  July  15th,  1859. 
On  the  North  Side  the  Wells  street  line  extended 
from  the  river  to  Chicago  avenue,  and  was 
opened  in  the  spring  of  1859 ;  the  Clark  street  line 
was  opened  in  August,  1859.  The  cars  on  all 
these  roads  were  small  and  some  of  them  were 
known  as  "bob-tailed  cars."  They  were  all 
drawn  by  horses.  The  driver  stood  on  the  front 
platform  in  all  conditions  of  weather  and  drove 
his  spirited  team  at  the  break-neck  speed  of  near- 
ly four  miles  an  hour,  while  the  passenger  sat 
inside,  and  if  it  was  wintertime  almost  froze. 
Oh!  those  cars.  What  misery  they  represented 
in  the  winter  season !  How  the  passengers  were 
huddled  together  a  shivering  mass  of  humanity 
with  their  feet  in  danger  of  being  frozen,  and  that 
too  in  spite  of  the  straw  so  generously  supplied  by 
the  companies  for  the  benefit  of  their  patrons, 
and  which  in  a  short  time  became  so  filthy  that 
it  was  unfit  for  bedding  the  beasts  that  hauled  the 
cars. 

The  car  drivers'  life  in  those  days,  and,  for  the 
matter  of  that,  the  conductors  too,  were  full  of 
incidents.  It  was  not  an  uncommon  thing  for 
the  car  often  to  leave  the  track,  even  on  a  short 
trip,  and  the  passengers  would  he  requested  to 
get  out  and  assist  in  restoring  the  car  to  its  proper 
place  on  the  rails.  They  would  then  return  to 
the  car,  only  to  find  that  the  team  in  starting  up 
had  thrown  each  other  down,  when  the  male 


of  Otyiragu  79 


portion  of  the  cargo  would  again  descend  to  see 
the  interesting  operation  of  assisting  the  horses  to 
their  feet  and  the  readjusting  of  their  harness 
before  resuming  the  journey. 

There  is  no  question  but  at  that  time  the  pat- 
rons of  the  road  received  their  money's  worth,  if 
not  in  travel  at  least  in  incident.  One  who 
patronized  the  street  railways  in  those  days  began 
a  journey  in  anticipation  but  was  unable  to  tell 
just  how  much  history  he  would  make  between 
his  office  and  his  home. 

On  January  28,  1882,  the  first  great  change 
was  made  in  the  transportation  of  people  from 
one  part  of  the  city  to  another,  and  this  was  by  the 
introduction  of  the  cable  system  which  did  away 
with  the  horses  as  formerly  used  on  the  horse 
cars,  and  depended  upon  what  was  called  the 
grip  and  cable  system,  operated  by  cables  from 
powerful  engines  at  central  power  stations. 

The  construction  consisted  of  an  under- 
ground tube,  through  which  the  cable,  supported 
by  grooved  pulleys,  passed  in  constant  motion 
and  at  a  uniform  rate  of  speed.  This  tube  was 
provided  with  sewer  connection  for  drainage, 
and  an  open  slot  on  the  top  through  which  passed 
a  grappling  device  which  was  attached  to  a  car. 
The  cable  was  kept  in  motion  and  its  speed 
regulated  by  a  stationary  engine  or  engines. 
The  rope  was  endless  and  passed  over  drums 
which  imparted  motion  to  the  wire  rope. 

This  system  was  first  operated  on  State  street, 
from  Randolph  street  to  Thirty-ninth  street,  and 


80 gtanj  of  Olfrtrago 

was  applied  on  Cottage  Grove  avenue  the  same 
year.  The  Clark  street  line  was  completed  and 
opened  for  travel  March  27th,  1888,  and  the 
Wells  street  line  the  same  year.  Lincoln  avenue 
line  commenced  operations  January  22,  1889, 
and  was  followed  by  the  Clybourn  avenue  line, 
which  opened  May  2,  1891. 

The  Madison  street  line  commenced  run- 
ning July  16,  1890,  together  with  Milwaukee 
avenue,  which  was  completed  at  the  same 
time.  Blue  Island  avenue  followed  July  28, 
1893. 

This  was  recognized  as  a  decided  improve- 
ment on  the  system  of  horse  cars,  but  it  had 
many  disadvantages  of  its  own.  Should  the 
"shoe  string,"  as  it  was  called,  break,  there  was 
a  general  tie-up  and  also  at  times  considerable 
doubts  as  to  when  it  would  start  again.  Some- 
times a  car  would  become  jammed  in  the  slot 
and  here  was  another  cause  for  delay.  For  the 
company,  however,  installing  this  system,  costly 
as  it  was,  it  enabled  them  to  carry  more  passen- 
gers, as  in  this  way  they  could  run  a  train  of  cars 
and  the  horses  were  disposed  of  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  that  were  used  in  cases  of  emergency, 
such  as  the  breaking  of  a  cable. 

This  system  was,  on  the  whole,  much  better 
than  the  old  horse  cars  and  contributed  a  share 
to  the  city's  growth  by  extending  the  residence 
district.  These  terminals  became  the  starting 
point  from  which  the  horse  cars  again  diverged 
in  every  direction. 


of  (Chircuui  81 


But  a  great  change  was  at  hand  which  was  to 
revolutionize  the  whole  system  of  transportation, 
and  that  was  the  installation  of  electricity  in  the 
running  of  street  cars.  This  system  has  brought 
within  easy  reach  of  the  outlying  districts  around 
Chicago,  and  made  available  the  most  distant 
points  for  residence  and  homes.  A  single  carfare 
now  of  five  cents  enables  one  downtown  to  reach 
the  city's  outskirts  with  the  privilege  of  a  transfer 
to  any  line  going  in  the  same  direction.  By  this 
system  of  transfers  it  is  possible  in  some  instances 
to  ride  more  than  twenty-five  miles  for  a  single 
fare. 

Besides  these  surface  lines  there  are  four 
systems  of  elevated  roads,  reaching  each  side  of 
the  city,  and  which  pass  their  trains  around  the 
"loop"  in  the  center  of  the  wholesale  and  retail 
districts.  Approximately  this  "loop"  is  a  mile 
long  by  half  a  mile  wide,  and  double-  tracked.  All 
these  roads  run  their  trains  at  intervals  of  from 
two  to  ten  minutes  apart,  being  more  frequent 
in  the  rush  hours  of  morning  and  evening  than 
during  the  remainder  of  the  day.  They  are 
operated  all  night,  but  less  frequently.  As  the 
trains  run  on  an  elevated  structure  they  are  not 
delayed  by  any  congestion  in  the  streets  over 
which  they  pass. 

The  Northwestern  Elevated  Road  has,  with 
its  branches,  a  total  mileage  of  20.37  miles, 
extending  to  Evanston,  a  distance  of  twelve  miles, 
and  also  to  Ravenswood.  During  the  busy  hours 
its  trains  move  at  intervals  of  two  and  five 


82  &targ  of 


minutes,  and  after  midnight  once  in  thirty-five 
minutes. 

The  South  Side  Elevated  Road  with  its  branches 
has  a  mileage  of  35.5  miles  running  to  Jackson 
Park,  Kenwood,  Englewood  and  the  Union  Stock 
Yards.  Its  trains  run  at  intervals  of  from  three 
to  twenty  minutes,  according  to  the  time  of  day. 

The  Metropolitan  Elevated  Road  reaches  each 
of  the  great  west  side  parks:  Garfield,  Douglas 
and  Humboldt,  and  has  a  mileage  of  about 
twenty-five  miles;  moving  its  trains  at  intervals  of 
from  three  to  twenty  minutes. 

The  Chicago  and  Oak  Park  Elevated  Road 
reaches  Oak  Park,  ten  miles  from  the  center  of 
the  city,  moving  its  trains  at  intervals  of  from  two 
to  forty  minutes,  according  to  the  demands  of 
the  day.  These  four  roads  are  capitalized  at 
$95,037,700  and  are  182  miles  in  length,  in- 
cluding branches. 

They  carried  in  1909  a  total  number  of  passen- 
gers of  935,513,921,  an  average  of  2,387,026  each 
day  of  the  year. 

The  street  railways  of  Chicago,  if  run  in  one 
direction,  would  extend  1,350  miles,or  more  than 
one  and  one-third  the  distance  from  this  city  to 
New  York,  and  these  are  all  double-tracked. 

The  elevated  roads  were  at  first  operated 
by  steam  power,  the  same  as  railroads,  but  the 
engines  were  smaller.  The  first  line  was  com- 
pleted in  1892  and  began  running  around  the  loop 
October  19,  1897.  The  motive  power  was 
changed  to  electricity  in  1898. 


of  (Etjtragn  83 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION 

On  May  1,  1893,  there  was  opened  in  Chicago 
the  most  complete  and  extensive  exposition  the 
world  up  to  that  time  had  ever  seen,  and  which 
attracted  spectators  from  every  nation  to  view 
its  grandeurs.  There  was  appropriated  for  the 
construction  of  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition $20,000,000.  The  exhibit  embraced  150 
buildings,  the  principal  one  of  which  was  the 
Manufacturers'  Building.  Visitors  to  the  num- 
ber of  27,539,041  were  admitted  to  the  grounds 
on  payment  and  $33,290,065  was  received  from 
the  sale  of  tickets.  There  was  $31,117,353  dis- 
bursed, excluding  the  cost  of  removing  the  build- 
ings. The  exhibit  'ended  October  30,  1893. 

The  exposition  was  in  commemoration  of  the 
400th  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  in 
1492.  No  more  fitting  tribute  to  the  achieve- 
ments of  Columbus  has  ever  been  accorded 
and  the  eyes  of  the  habitable  globe  were 
attracted  to  the  United  States  with  Chicago  for 
its  center. 

Chicago  has  always  been  a  cosmopolitan  city, 
but  at  this  time,  concentrated  within  the  limits 
of  666  acres  of  ground,  were  people  from  every 
clime  under  the  sun,  and  in  the  costumes  of  every 
nation.  The  exhibits  were  attended  by  natives 
from  the  countries  they  represented  and  per- 
haps at  no  time  previous  had  so  many  nations, 
through  their  own  people,  been  gathered  together 
in  one  locality. 


84  £>targ  of  (Eljiragn 

The  Exposition  had  the  effect  of  stimulating 
business  in  many  channels  throughout  the  coun- 
try and  Chicago  gained  new  laurels  from  the 
manner  in  which  the  great  enterprise  was  success- 
fully carried  out. 

Taking  it  altogether  it  was  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  displays  of  man's  productive  genius 
and  power  that  has  ever  been  brought  together, 
and  it  undoubtedly  created  an  impression  in  the 
minds  of  foreigners  visiting  it  that  was  not  easily 
forgotten  or  its  value  over-estimated. 

CHICAGO:  THE  Axis  OF  THE   RAILWAY 
WORLD 

Possibly,  next  to  its  unsurpassed  natural  situ- 
ation, the  predominating  factor  contributing  to 
Chicago's  supremacy,  both  commercially  and 
financially,  is  its  position  as  the  center  of  the 
country's  railway  service.  The  first  railroad  to 
enter  Chicago  was  the  Galena  Union,  which  now 
forms  a  portion  of  the  Northwestern  system. 
This  line  was  completed  in  1848,  and  from  this 
small  beginning,  in  the  little  more  than  three- 
score years,  has  grown  thirty-seven  trunk  lines, 
forming  the  essential  connections  with  almost 
one-half  the  mileage  of  the  country,  embracing 
approximately  250,000  miles.  Necessary  ad- 
juncts to  these  arteries  of  traffic  are  the  extensive 
terminals  and  passenger  stations,  already  in- 
stalled, with  others  of  increased  size  planned  to 
complete  the  system. 


nf 


85 


There  is  no  city  under  the  sun  which  has  so 
vast  a  range  of  territory  that  is  in  direct  contact 
with  the  manufactories  and  mercantile  establish- 
ments which  make  up  Chicago's  activities,  nor  is 
there  a  situation  so  favorable  for  producer  and 
consumer  as  this  city  presents  as  a  distributing 


CHICAGO    &    NORTHWESTERN    RAILWAY    STATION 


point.  The  great  trunk  lines  centering  here 
bring  their  journeys  to  a  halt  when  this  city  is 
reached,  none  of  the  systems  continuing  beyond 
its  confines.  Necessarily  this  confers  benefits 
as  a  shipping  point  that  few  localities  supply, 
and  when  to  these  are  supplemented  the  facilities 
for  the  millions  of  tons  of  freight  carried  on  the 
great  lakes,  Chicago's  manifold  advantages  are 
easily  understood. 


86 


nf 


POSTOFFICE   OF    CHICAGO 

The  history  of  the  Chicago  Postoffice  reads  like 
fiction,  and  when  we  consider  the  mass  of  sta- 
tistics that  are  undisputable  it  has  a  tendency  to 
surprise  those  who  regard  themselves  as  familiar 
with  this  city  and  its  many  progressive  features. 

The  period  intervening  between  1833  and  1912 


TEMPORARY  POSTOFFICE  BUILDING,   LAKE  FRONT. 

seems  a  long  time  but  to  render  such  an  exhibit 
as  has  been  shown  by  the  postoffice  of  Chicago 
in  these  years  is,  to  say  the  least,  astonishing. 
In  1833  there  was  but  one  eastern  mail  eacn 
week  and  that  was  carried  on  horseback  to  and 
from  Niles,  Michigan. 

In  1911  there  were  184,298,214  pounds  of  mail 
matter  handled  in  the  Chicago  postoffice,  repre- 
senting 1,618,900,651  pieces,  and  the  amount 
of  money  received  for  domestic  and  international 
money  orders,  including  fees,  was  $5,539,012.85. 


CHICAGO   POSTOFFICE,  1912 


88  &>torg  of  (Ehtrago 

The  postal  receipts  for  the  year  were  $19,781,- 
440.74,  and  are  increasing  in  a  more  rapid  ratio 
than  is  the  city's  population. 

This  is  what  these  statistics  reveal,  and  all 
within  the  life  and  memory  of  men  now  living. 
From  the  first  office,  in  a  small  log  building,  to  one 
costing  more  than  $8,000,000,  is  a  subject  worth 
mentioning,  in  addition  to  the  fact  that  it  ranks 
first  among  the  cities  of  our  country  for  certain 
schedules  of  postal  business. 

During  the  years  enumerated  Chicago's  post- 
office  has  made  history  of  another  kind,  viz.: 
frequent  movings  and  in  visitations  by  fires,  three 
times.  The  first  fire  was  that  of  1871,  the  second 
in  1874,  and  again  in  January,  1879.  On 
April  12th,  1879,  the  postoffice  was  removed  to 
the  basement  floor  of  the  new  government  build- 
ing then  being  erected  on  the  site  where  the 
postoffice  now  stands,  the  square  being  boun- 
ded by  Clark,  Dearborn,  Jackson  boulevard 
and  Adams  streets,  it  speedily  outgrowing  what 
would  be  regarded  as  ample  quarters,  since 
necessitating  the  use  of  many  branch  offices. 
To  afford  sufficient  room  a  new  structure  was 
planned,  the  business  of  the  service  being 
transacted  in  a  building  on  the  lake  front 
while  the  present  federal  building  was  being 
made  ready. 

Further  additions  and  extensions  are  now 
under  contemplation,  and  a  short  time  will  see 
largely  increased  facilities  installed  in  the  postal 
service  in  this  city. 


of  Otytrago  89 


CHICAGO'S  GREAT  PRINTING  CENTER 

It  is  difficult  in  a  narrative  to  give  details  of 
every  fact  which  has  contributed  to  make 
Chicago  what  it  is,  and  that  there  should  be  a 
story  at  all  is  justified  by  the  extraordinary  growth 
it  has  shown  in  so  short  a  time.  However,  it  was 
not  the  intention  at  the  beginning  to  go  into 
those  details,  which  have  been  fully  described 
by  others,  but  rather  to  direct  attention  to  one  of 
the  factors  that  has  contributed  in  no  small 
measure  to  making  Chicago  what  it  is  in  reality, 
the  most  wonderful  city  in  the  world — the  print- 
ing business — and  in  introducing  this  topic  we 
make  no  mistake  in  calling  attention  to  the  great 
printing  center  where  a  large  proportion  of  the 
activities  of  this  industry  are  now  rapidly 
concentrating. 

It  is  not  an  extravagant  assertion  to  declare 
that  among  the  many  evidences  of  world- 
activities  the  rapid  development  of  Chicago's 
business  district  is  entitled  to  attention  when 
things  important  are  up  for  consideration  and 
discussion.  However  ample  may  have  appeared 
to  be  the  provision  to  satisfy  the  demands  of,  say 
a  generation  ago,  for  adequate  structures  in 
which  to  conduct  business — and  these  were 
built  in  anticipation  of  a  liberal  extension  of  trade 
—the  establishments  then  erected  were  soon 
outgrown  by  increased  demands  upon  their 
facilities  and  in  a  brief  time  the  new  construction 
became  out  of  date  and  back  numbers. 


£>t0rij  of  (Etjirago 


91 


No  city  ever  founded  has  shown  this  feature  to 
the  extent  which  Chicago's  business  district 
discloses,  and  abrupt  and  evolutionary  as  these 
have  been,  the  changes  still  continue  and  bid  fair 
to  be  in  evidence  for  many  years  to  come,  supply- 
ing fruitful  themes  for  the  pen  of  the  chronicler 
and  interesting  texts  for  students  and  scholars  of 


TYPICAL  BUILDINGS  IN 
PRINTING-HOUSE  DISTRICT,   1855. 


the  causes  contributing  to  a  city's  greatness  as 
well  as  the  ability  of  its  people  to  make  the  most 
of  their  opportunities. 

Evidence  is  here  at  hand  to  impress  upon  the 
thinking  what  the  brief  years  have  accom- 
plished in  Chicago's  down-town  section,  but  so 
radical  has  been  this  transformation  that  but 
few,  unless  keeping  close  observation  on  the  ever- 


92  &tnrij   of 


changing  scene,  realize  the  deep  significance  of 
the  same,  and  its  lesson  is  likely  to  be  lost. 

It  has,  however,  been  found  impossible  to 
secure  a  photograph  of  this  section  at  a  period 
antedating  the  conflagration  of  1871.  The  build- 
ings then  were  small  and  of  little  importance, 
although  there  was  an  air  of  culture  and  refine- 
ment maintained  by  the  residents  who  later  were 
destined  to  become  the  foremost  citizens  of'  the 
municipality  and  whose  names  have  been  handed 
down  in  veneration  and  regard  as  associated  with 
many  of  the  largest  business  enterprises  of  the 
present  day.  A  drawing  has  been  made  and 
each  landmark  as  shown  at  that  time  (1863), 
designated,  and  it  is  a  faithful  representation  of 
the  situation  as  it  was  known  to  the  artist  who 
made  his  home  near  the  scenes  depicted. 

In  order  to  preserve  for  the  future  a  few  of  the 
innovations  which  trade  exigencies  have  wrought 
upon  what  was  formerly  an  established  residen- 
tial district  the  views  here  shown  were  made  and 
embrace  what  is  today  known  as  the  printing  and 
publishing  house  district,  covering  the  territory 
irom  State  and  Clark  streets  and  from  Polk  to 
Van  Buren  streets. 

The  various  plants  located  within  the  boundary 
outlined  above  need  no  introduction  to  the  world 
of  production,  they  being  known  to  every  one 
conversant  with  the  art  of  printing,  binding  and 
engraving,  as  well  as  to  the  collateral  branches  of 
the  art.  By  reference  to  the  drawing  it  will  be 
seen  that  where  the  Dearborn  Station  now  is 


94 gtonj  nf  (Efrtrago 

there  stood  an  antiquated  Methodist  house  of 
worship,  while  the  Clark  and  Polk  street  corner 
still  holds  the  old  St.  Peter's  Catholic  Church, 
its  venerable  walls  having  withstood  the  gnawing 
tooth  of  more  than  a  half  century.  At  the  north- 
east corner  of  Clark  and  Harrison  streets  stood 
the  old  Jones  School,  where  so  many  of  the  em- 
bryo business  men  of  a  former  generation,  and 
whose  names  are  familiar  to  all  in  Chicago,  first 
acquired  the  primary  precepts  of  education.  At 
the  corner  of  the  alley  and  Van  Buren  street, 
between  Clark  and  Buffalo  streets  (now  Federal 
street),  stood  another  house  of  worship,  while  on 
the  north  side  of  Van  Buren,  corner  of  Edina 
place  (later  Third  avenue) ,  now  Plymouth  place, 
stood  Sinai  Congregation.  On  State  street, 
almost  opposite  Congress,  a  little  to  the  south, 
the  Old  Eagle  No.  7  Engine  House  had  its 
quarters,  and  was  often  the  scene  of  town  meet- 
ings of  the  character  common  in  the  early  days. 

Between  these  public  buildings  stood  many 
homes  with  their  picket  fences  inclosing  green 
front  yards  bordered  with  trees  and  shrubbery 
on  both  sides  of  the  street.  On  Edina  place 
(Third  avenue),  and  Buffalo  street  (Fourth 
avenue),  were  located  the  homes  of  many  men 
whose  names  are  still  perpetuated  in  the  fore- 
most circles  of  commercial  life  in  addition  to 
those  of  the  substantial  old  settler  who  con- 
tributed his  best  efforts  to  make  the  city  what  it  is 
today,  the  acknowledged  wonder  of  the  world 
and  the  superb  metropolis  of  our  country. 


£>torg  af 


95 


It  must  be  understood  that  what  is  known  as 
Dearborn  street,  at  least  that  portion  south  of 
Monroe  street,  was  not  opened  until  the  latter 
part  of  '71.  What  is  now  Dearborn  street,  as 
shown  in  the  illustration,  originally  was  the  alley 
for  the  houses  which  fronted  on  Edina  and  Buf- 


RAND-McNALLY  BUILDING,  1912 

falo  streets,forgotten  names  except  to  the  survivor 
of  the  early  period  of  which  we  write. 

To  the  Chicagoan  familiar  with  the  city  before 
the  conflagration  of  1871  and  also  conversant 
with  its  growth  up  to  the  early  '80's,  who  might 
have  been  absent  during  that  period,  upon  again 
coming  on  the  scene  would  find  the  marvels  of 
Aladdin's  lamp  outdone  and  even  the  fairy 
stories  surpassed  by  realities.  A  Chicago  resi- 


of  (SUjiragu  97 


dent,  harnessed  by  the  claims  of  business  to  his 
immediate  locality,  upon  surveying  another  sec- 
tion's growth  might  well  wonder  at  the  changes 
which  a  brief  period  had  brought  about;  even  if 
familiar  with  old  landmarks  he  would  have  cause 
for  amazement  in  contemplating  the  city's  future 
possibilities.  In  all  respects  Chicago  has  moved 
forward,  but  in  no  portion  of  its  limits  has  this 
been  more  pronounced  than  within  the  printing- 
house  zone  of  activity. 

Real  estate  values  have  kept  pace  with  the 
rapid  transformations  in  other  directions,  prop- 
erty valuations  within  the  section  sketched  having 
doubled  in  the  last  dozen  years,  while  in  the 
previous  twenty-five  it  has  quadrupled.  Thus 
has  printing  been  a  magnet  in  stimulating  in- 
vestment and  has  contributed  to  the  upbuilding 
of  the  locality  materially  as  well  as  esthetically. 

This  section  of  Chicago  may  well  be  likened  to 
the  inner  workings  of  a  watch,  one  of  the  most 
important  parts  of  which  is  the  mainspring,  as 
here  is  located  the  power  which  drives  the 
machinery  and  develops  the  energy  that  has  made 
this  the  foremost  city  of  the  continent — the 
great  printing  center  of  Chicago. 


©imp  Knh  frintera 


The  art  of  printing  has  always  attracted  to  it 
many  of  the  best  minds,  or  perhaps  it  may  be 
said  that  many  of  the  best  minds  have  been 
evolved  from  associating  with  printing.  Among 
early  followers  of  the  art  preservative  in  Chi- 
cago many  attained  prominence  in  their  coun- 
try's history,  and  graduated  from  the  ranks  of 
those  following  this  calling. 

There  appears  something  about  the  business 
that  possesses  a  fascination,  and  its  allurements 
are  so  strong  that,  regardless  of  self-interest  and 
the  restricted  opportunity  for  the  attainment  of 
wealth,  men  have  continued  in  its  pursuit  and 
passed  away  poor,  the  exceptions  being  few  who 
finally  gained  a  position  of  affluence.  In  itself 
this  seems  strange,  because  when  we  come  to 
analyze  it  printing  is  found  at  the  base  of  all 
business  enterprise  and  success.  That  this  was 
true  in  the  past  is  without  question,  but  it  was 
not  so  well  understood  as  it  is  today. 

The  printer  has  always  been  more  absorbed 
in  his  calling  than  in  money  making,  and  this 
may  be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  a  printer 
comes  in  relation  more  with  the  minds  of  men 
than  he  does  with  their  material  wants,  and  in 


99 


100 (fllfr  Situ*  flub  ffrtutrra 

this  way  he  is  led  to  forget  the  benefits  to  him- 
self by  being  immersed  in  his  art  and  the  need  of 
others  for  his  thoughtful  assistance. 

In  the  early  days  of  Chicago  this  was  undoubt- 
edly the  case.  It  is  said  that  the  good  die  young, 
but  of  the  printer  it  might  be  remarked  "Good 
printers  die  poor,"  There  may  b.e  exceptions, 
but  such  as  there  are  only  prove  the  rule. 

All  who  think  along  these  lines  must  admit 
that  printing  has  had  much  to  do  with  the  ad- 
vancement of  our  city's  greatness,  the  lifting  of 
it  into  the  prominent  place  it  now  occupies  as 
well  as  demonstrating  to  the  whole  world  its  mar- 
velous history — a  city  without  a  peer. 

Without  printing  there  could  be  no  progress, 
as  wre  understand  it  today,  or  it  would  by  com- 
parison be  only  of  a  limited  order,  and  great 
centers  such  as  we  have  now  would  be  quite  im- 
possible. Take  printing  away  from  our  present- 
day  mode  of  doing  business,  shut  up  our  libraries 
and  obliterate  books,  and  immediately  we  sink 
into  a  depth  of  darkness  that  would  appall  us  to 
contemplate. 

It  is  by  viewing  it  in  this  light  that  anything 
that  can  be  said  concerning  the  early  printer  of 
Chicago  should  prove  of  interest  to  every  studi- 
ous mind,  and  not  only  those  who  are  intimately 
connected  with  the  craft  but  also  those  who  have 
derived  inestimable  benefits  from  the  self-sacrific- 
ing labors  of  the  craftsmen  themselves. 

The  first  job  printing  done  in  this  city  was  by 
John  Calhoun  in  1833,  four  years  before  Chicago 


101 


was  incorporated  as  a  city.  He  also  edited  and 
printed  the  first  newspaper,  the  Chicago  Demo- 
crat. This  undertaking  was  issued  from  a  build- 
ing at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  South  Water 
streets. 

John  Calhoun  was  born  at  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
April  14,  1808.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Con- 
necticut. At  the  age  of  16  he  entered  the  print- 
ing office  of  W.  Woodward  Freeman,  and  therein 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  printer's  trade.  He 
had  heard  such  glowing  accounts  of  the  West 
that  in  1833  he  decided  to  make  for  Chicago.  The 
vessel  upon  which  he  took  passage  encountered 
a  terrific  gale  on  Lake  Erie,  was  wrecked,  and 
Mr.  Calhoun,  after  meeting  with  other  adven- 
tures, reached  Detroit,  from  which  place  travel- 
ing overland  by  slow  stages  he  arrived  in  Chi- 
cago. His  printing  material  was  shipped  by  the 
way  of  the  lakes  on  another  vessel,  two  appren- 
tices in  his  employ  accompanying  the  outfit. 

Mr.  Calhoun  eventually  sold  out  his  paper  and 
plant  to  John  Wentworth,  who  had  been  in 
charge  of  the  office.  He  paid  $2,800  for  the 
material  and  good  will,  and  the  first  number  of 
the  Chicago  Weekly  Democrat  issued  under  his 
administration  was  on  November  23,  1836. 

Robert  Fergus,  perhaps  the  most  thorough  of 
practical  printers,  arrived  in  Chicago  on  July  1, 
1839.  He  was  born  in  the  Gallowgate  of  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  August  14,  1815.  At  the  age  of 
15  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing  business, 
and  as  a  regular  indenture  in  those  days  meant 


102 


a  practical  grounding  in  the  knowledge  of  the 
art,  upon  its  completion  and  his  setting  forth  as 
a  journeyman  he  possessed  a  knowledge  of  his 
business  such  as  qualified  him  to  earn  a  livelihood 
in  any  part  of  the  world.  He  was  married  to 
Margaret  Whitehead  Scott,  February,  1836. 
Mr.  Fergus  was  closely  identified  with  the  early 
history  of  Chicago  in  the  printing  world,  and 
was  an  acknowledged  authority  on  all  things  per- 
taining to  its  early  records.  All  his  life  he  was 
identified  with  printing  and  publishing.  The 
first  book  compiled,  printed,  bound  and  issued 
in  Chicago  was  the  Directory  of  1844,  which  was 
placed  upon  the  market  in  the  year  1843.  This 
directory  was  printed  by  Ellis  &  Fergus.  It  is 
said  that  the  earlier  directories  of  Chicago  were 
compiled  without  copy.  The  pages  were  held 
upon  the  imposing  stone  and  when  a  newcomer 
arrived  his  name,  business  and  address  were  in- 
serted in  the  form.  In  this  way  new  names  were 
added  until  the  time  arrived  to  republish  the 
book.  It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Fergus  on  many 
occasions  received  commendations  for  the  cor- 
rectness of  his  directory,  and  he  lived  to  see  the 
city  of  his  choice  grow  to  be  one  of  the  most 
famous  on  the  American  continent  and  a  center 
of  typographical  activity  second  to  none. 

Edward  H.  Rudd  was  one  of  the  early  job 
printers  of  Chicago  (1836).  His  place  of  busi- 
ness was  on  Dearborn,  near  South  Water  street. 
In  1839  he  removed  to  the  Saloon  Building, 
where,  with  S.  D.  Childs,  the  first  engraver  in 


®tou>  Sob  ffrintgrH  103 


Chicago,  they  carried  on  business  under  the  firm 
name  of  Rudd  &  Childs,  engravers,  book  and 
job  printers.  It  was  evident  at  that  time  they 
were  but  a  small  concern  as  may  be  gathered 
from  the  following  circumstance:  In  Septem- 
ber, 1839,  the  Common  Council  ordered  the  re- 
vision and  printing  in  pamphlet  form  of  the  laws 
and  ordinances  of  the  city.  The  work  was  ten- 
dered to  Messrs.  Rudd  &  Childs,  but  they  not 
being  able  to  supply  sufficient  funds  offered  to 
transfer  the  contract  to  Ellis  &  Fergus,  who 
accepted  and  fulfilled  it.  This  work  was  the 
commencement  of  the  Chicago  Directory.  There 
were  six  blank  pages  at  the  end,  and  it  was  sug- 
gested that  they  be  filled  with  the  names  of  the 
business  men  of  the  city,  which  was  done.  It  was 
not  by  any  means  a  complete  Directory  as  only 
such  names  were  taken  as  would  fill  their  blank 
pages. 

A  copy  of  this  work  is  in  the  possession  of  the 
Chicago  Historical  Society.  The  city  paid  the 
sum  of  $25.00  for  fifty  copies,  and  about  fifty 
copies  were  sold  to  the  citizens  at  50  cents  each. 
The  remainder  of  the  500  were  never  used  and 
were  lost  in  the  waste  incident  to  a  discredited 
piece  of  work,  as  such  it  was  then  regarded  by 
those  who  were  associated  with  it. 

In  early  Chicago  typographical  history  the  job 
and  newspaper  printers  were  in  a  measure  inden- 
tical.  It  may  be  said  that  every  newspaper  had 
its  job  department  and  that  many  job  printers 
aimed  to  publish  a  newspaper.  There  were  nu- 


104 ®lft  gtmr  31ob  ffi rintrrH 

merous  ups  and  downs  in  this  line  of  business 
in  those  days  and  it  may  be  stated  this  continued 
until  a  few  years  after  the  close  of  the  civil  war, 
when  a  decided  change  took  place  and  some  large 
institutions  capable  of  turning  out  vast  orders 
came  into  existence ;  in  fact  the  facilities  for  pro- 
ducing printing  kept  pace  with  the  city's  growth, 
and  it  gradually  became  one  of  the  essential  fac- 
tors of  Chicago's  greatness. 

The  list  of  printers  of  Chicago,  taken  from  a 
Directory  published  in  1860-61  by  Halpin  & 
Bailey,  shows  the  following  establishments,  the 
entire  list  being  given  as  was  published  in  the 
book: 

Barnett,  James,  189  Lake  street. 

Beach  &  Barnard,  14  Clark  street. 

Becker  &  Schlager,  233  Randolph  street. 

Chapin,  Henry  L.,  23  Lake  street. 

Chicago  Democrat,  45  La  Salle  street. 

Chicago  Evening  Journal,  50  Dearborn  street. 

Chicago.  Post,  82  Dearborn  street. 

Church,  Goodman  &  Gushing,  51  and  53  La 
Salle  street. 

Cowdery,  Asa  A.,  154  Clark  street. 

Cravens,  William,  132  Lake  street. 

Dean,  John  W.,  94  Dearborn  street. 

Decker,  W.  I.,  128  Clark  street. 

Dunlop,  Sewell  &  Spaulding,  40  Clark  street. 

Hess,  Charles,  93  Randolph  street. 

Hoeffgen  &  Schneider,  12  Wells  street. 

Jameson  &  Morse,  14  La  Salle  street. 

Millar,  S.  S.,  55  Clark  street. 


105 


Morgan,  H.  M.,  7  Clark  street. 

Munson,  Francis,  140  Lake  street. 

Pigott,  Wm.,  130  Clark  street. 

Pool,  Isaac  A.,  17  Clark  street. 

Rounds,  S.  P.,  46  State  street. 

Scott,  Hayes  &  Shurley,  148  Lake  street. 

Storey,  W.  F.  (Chicago  Times),  73  Dearborn 
street. 

Thompson  &  Day,  86-88  Dearborn  street. 

Tobey,  A.  B.,  5  Clark  street. 

Tribune  Co.,  51  Clark  street. 

Wood,  A.  M.,  21  and  23  Clark  street. 

Work,  H.  C.,  48  Clark  street. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  names  of  many 
who  afterward  became  prominent  in  the  printing 
history  of  Chicago  are  here  given  a  place. 

The  Chicago  directories  to  the  printer  are  in- 
tensely interesting  and  absorbing.  It  is  here  we 
must  turn  to  find  information  about  his  early 
efforts,  and  the  many  vicissitudes  encountered  in 
seeking  to  present  a  work  such  as  these  chronicles. 
In  themselves  they  present  the  most  condensed 
and  striking  evidence  of  the  city's  growth  that 
can  be  found,  and  are  conclusive  testimony  from 
year  to  year  of  the  increased  development  of  its 
enterprises. 

The  first  book  compiled,  printed,  bound  and 
issued  in  Chicago  was  the  Directory  of  1844.  It 
was  placed  upon  the  market  in  the  year  1843. 
This  Directory  was  compiled  by  J.  Wellington 
Norris,  and  printed  by  Ellis  &  Fergus,  from  the 
Saloon  Building,  South  Water  and  Clark  streets. 


106  (£U>  gime  Sob 


The  second  Directory,  prepared  similarly  to 
the  first,  was  also  compiled  by  Norris.  It  was 
printed  by  James  Campbell  &  Co.,  Commercial 
Building,  65  Lake  street.  A  ludicrous  incident 
is  connected  with  the  compilation  and  printing  of 
this  work.  The  first  of  Campbell  &  Co.  came  to 
a  premature  dissolution  while  the  Directory  was 
in  process  of  gestation.  Mr.  Campbell,  who  was 
a  man  of  quick  temper,  becoming  incensed  at  Mr. 
Norris  (the  Co.)  forcibly  ejected  him  from  the 
office  and  threatened  to  kick  him  if  he  looked 
back.  Some  gentlemen,  subsequently  discussing 
the  contention  with  Mr.  Norris,  asked  him  if  he 
emulated  the  example  of  Lot's  wife.  Norris  re- 
plied, "No,  I  didn't  look  back."  This  unseemly 
dispute  severed  the  copartnership,  as  in  point  of 
fact  any  copartnership  between  Mr.  Norris,  a 
gentleman  "as  meek  as  Moses,"  and  Campbell, 
as  fiery  as  a  Scotch  Highlander,  was  sure  to  come 
sooner  or  later  to  an  abrupt  termination.  A 
notice  in  the  Chicago  Journal  of  April  16,  1845, 
dated  April  15,  1845,  announced  the  dissolution 
of  the  firm  of  James  Campbell  &  Co.,  and  further 
that  all  demands  against  the  same  would  be 
settled  by  James  Campbell,  to  whom  all  money 
due  said  firm  must  be  paid.  Mr.  Campbell  is 
long  since  dead.  Mr.  Norris  died  a  few  years 
since  in  the  interior  of  this  state.  It  is  doubtful 
if  he  made  a  living  by  his  literary  labors  in 
Chicago. 

The  next  Chicago  Directory  •  was  entitled 
"Norris'  Business  Directory  for  1846,"  Eastman 


3(ob  Prtnfrra  107 


&  Davison,  printers,  63  Lake  street.  It  took  all 
the  fonts  of  type  in  the  office  to  set  up  this  direc- 
tory. 

The  next  in  the  list  of  early  directories  is  en- 
titled "Norris'  Chicago  Directory  for  1846-7, 
Geer  &  Wilson,  printers,  Saloon  Building,"  The 
Geer  of  this  firm  was  N.  C.  Geer,  who  was 
brought  from  Connecticut  by  Richard  L.  Wilson 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  job  department 
for  the  Daily  Journal  newspaper  which  would 
be  on  a  par  with  the  then  importance  of  the  city. 
The  firm  purchased  in  the  East  several  presses 
and  a  large  quantity  of  type.  With  Mr.  Geer 
came  James  J.  Langdon  as  an  assistant.  Lang- 
don  soon  became  prominent  in  the  printing  busi- 
ness of  the  city,  he  associating  with  S.  P.  Rounds, 
as  mentioned  elsewhere. 

The  next  Chicago  Directory  is  entitled 
"Illinois  State  Register  and  Western  Business 
Directory  for  1847;  Norris  &  Gardner,  editors 
and  publishers."  Geer  &  Wilson  were  also  the 
printers  of  this  Directory. 

The  Chicago  Directory  is  entitled  "Norris' 
Chicago  Directory  for  1848-49;  published  by 
J.  W.  Norris  and  L.  S.  Taylor,  Eastman  & 
McClellan,  printers  (power  press  office  of  the 
Western  Citizen),  63  Lake  street."  This  was 
Mr.  Norris'  last  attempt  to  compile  directories 
for  the  citizens  of  Chicago.  This  directory  is 
designated  as  the  seventh  of  the  Norris  series. 

The  title  of  the  next  Chicago  Directory  is: 
"Chicago  City  Directory  for  1851;  by  W.  W. 


108  ©to  Sim*  3lob 


Danenhower,  printed  by  James  J.  Langdon, 
161  Lake  street." 

The  Chicago  Directory  for  1852-53  by  Updall 
&  Hopkins  was  printed  by  Langdon  &  Rounds, 
161  Lake  street. 

We  next  have  a  series  of  directories  compiled 
by  Edwin  H.  Hall,  an  Englishman,  who,  under 
various  firm  names,  published  directories  for 
1853-54,  1854-55,  1855-56.  These  directories 
were  all  printed  by  Robert  Fergus,  two  of  them 
at  55  Clark  street  and  two  at  189  Lake  street. 

Next  we  have  John  Gager  &  Co.,  publishing 
and  compiling  a  Directory  for  1856-57  called 
Case  &  Co.'s  Chicago  Directory,  a  business 
Directory  for  Chicago  for  October  1,  1856,  and 
Gager's  Chicago  City  Directory  for  June  1, 
1857.  The  first  named  of  these  was  printed  by 
A.  B.  Case  and  Charles  Scott  at  No.  84  Dear- 
born street;  the  second  by  Messrs.  Solar,  Zellis, 
Dow  &  Co.,  at  No.  148  Lake  street;  the  third  by 
John  Dow,  No.  148  Lake  street. 

D.  B.  Cooke  &  Co.,  law  book  publishers,  Port- 
land Block,  published  the  directories  of  1858- 
1859-60  and  1860-1. 

Smith  &  Moulin,  80  South  Dearborn  street, 
also  published  a  Directory  for  1859-60. 

The  directories  of  1861-62,  1862-63,  1863-64 
were  published  by  Halpin  &  Bailey,  45  Clark 
street.  The  Directory  for  1864:65,  T.  M.  Hal- 
pin  &  Co.,  publishers,  R.  D.  Campbell  &  Co., 
printers,  73  Dearborn  street,  and  1865-66,  T.  M. 
Halpin,  publisher,  and  the  Religio-Philosophical 


Oltmg  3lub  fritters  109 


Co.   Publishers'   Association  were  the  printers, 
84-88  Dearborn  street. 

There  was  also  a  Directory  for  1864-65  printed 
by  John  C.  W.  Bailey,  128  and  130  Clark  street; 
while  in  1865-66,  John  C.  W.  Bailey  &  Co.  pub- 
lished the  Directory,  which  was  printed  by  John 
C.  W.  Bailey,  printer  and  publisher.  For  the 
years  1866-67,  1867-68  John  C.  W.  Bailey,  162 
Clark  street,,  published  directories. 

In  1866  Edwards'  Annual  Directory,  pub- 
lished by  Edwards,  Greenbrough  &  Sevell,  made 
its  appearance.  This  was  printed  and  bound  at 
Edwards'  New  Directory  office,  73  Dearborn 
street.  This  Directory  did  not  appear  again 
until  1868-69,  and  was  published  by  Edwards 
&  Co.  at  the  same  address.  In  1869-70  Richard 
Edwards  was  the  publisher. 

Edwards'  Chicago  Directory  (Fire  Edition) 
was  published  in  1871,  and  contained  the  names 
of  all  persons  in  business  in  the  city  whose  loca- 
tion could  be  ascertained  up  to  December  12, 
1871;  also  a  Business  Directory  embracing  a 
classified  list  of  trades,  professions  and  pursuits, 
alphabetically  arranged  and  giving  the  old  as  well 
as  the  new  address  of  those  changed  by  the  great 
fire.  This  was  published  by  Richard  Edwards, 
47  North  Halsted  street. 

The  1870-1871  directories  were  published  by 
Richard  Edwards,  and  a  Census  Report  for  1871. 
Edwards  also  published  directories  for  1872  and 
1873,  the  former  at  65  Exchange  Building,  Clark 
and  Washington,  and  the  latter  at  148  Clark 
street. 


110  ©lfc  Sim*  3Jflb 


In  1874-75  appears  the  Lakeside  Annual 
Directory  by  Williams,  Donnelley  &  Co.,  1875- 
76,  1876-77,  1877-78,  1878-79  by  Donnelley, 
Lloyd  &  Co.,  and  1879  by  Donnelley,  Cassette  & 
Lloyd.  For  the  year  1880  the  first  one  appeared 
published  by  the  Chicago  Directory  Company. 
This  company  has  continued  until  the  present 
(1912)  to  issue  the  Chicago  Directory,  which  has 
grown  to  be  a  cumbersome  volume,  and  it  reflects 
Chicago's  growth  from  so  many  standpoints  that 
it  is  not  necessary  to  enumerate  them  as  they  show 
for  themselves,  but  none  in  the  way  of  develop- 
ment more  noticeable  than  in  the  printing  in- 
dustry. 

The  sketches  appearing  in  these  pages  are  of 
typical  individuals  associated  with  the  early 
printing  history  of  Chicago,  and  do  not  by  any 
means  embrace  a  full  list  of  those  who  have  con- 
ferred many  benefits  upon  the  craft,  but  the  scope 
of  this  work  is  necessarily  limited  to  the  few  who 
were  active  in  the  transitorial  stage  of  the  typo- 
graphic art. 

John  Wentworth,  the  successor  of  John 
Calhoun  in  the  ownership  of  the  Chicago  Demo- 
crat, was  the  first  to  introduce  the  power  printing 
press  in  Chicago.  In  the  beginning  two  sturdy 
Norsemen  supplied  hand  power  to  the  machine 
by  simultaneously  turning  a  somewhat  cumber- 
some crank.  Finally,  Wentworth  procured  a 
small  steam  engine  to  run  the  press.  This  engine 
was  provided  with  cylinders  not  over  three  or  four 
inches  in  diameter  each.  This  was  later  super- 
seded by  a  larger  one  built  in  the  '50's,  and  the 


Sub      rinfrni  111 


press  was  frequently  utilized  by  other  publica- 
tions. The  circulation  of  the  Democrat  being  at 
most  but  a  few  hundred  copies,  there  were 
chances  to  help  other  enterprises  in  the  printing 
line,  and  the  press  of  the  Democrat  proved  a 
valuable  aid  to  many  struggling  publishers  who 
availed  themselves  of  the  spare  time  of  the  press. 
Political  ambition  wras  one  of  Wentworth's 
dominating  traits,  and  for  the  period  that  he  con- 
ducted the  Democrat,  a  quarter  of  a  century  of 
important  history-making,  "Long  John"  was  cer- 
tainly one  of  the  conspicuous  citizens  of  Chicago, 
and,  unlike  nearly  all  of  the  promoters  of  news- 
papers of  his  day,  he  retired  from  the  journalistic 
field  with  a  competency,  his  real  estate  invest- 
ments making  him  a  rich  man  and  his  natural 
Yankee  shrewdness  gave  him  an  opportunity 
which  he  was  not  slow  to  turn  to  advantage. 

James  J.  Langdon  was  foreman  of  the  Jour- 
nal office  in  1848.  He  later  went  into  business 
with  Sterling  P.  Rounds  and  aided  in  establish- 
ing the  Printers'  Cabinet.  Mr.  Rounds'  entire 
capital  was  $5.00.  Mr.  Langdon  shortly  there- 
after retired  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  and  em- 
barked in  the  horse  business,  but  finding  that  his 
animals  cost  him  more  than  he  could  make  out  of 
them  he  returned  to  Chicago  and  again  formed 
a  partnership  with  Mr.  Rounds.  In  December, 
1856,  there  was  but  one  other  journal  in  the 
United  States  that  was  devoted  exclusively  to 
the  interest  of  the  art  preservative  —  The  Typo- 
graphical Advertiser.  Rounds'  Cabinet  was  the 


112 


first  of  that  character  in  the  Northwest,  the  sec- 
ond in  its  date  of  issue,  and  the  first  monthly 
typographical  journal  in  the  Union. 

Langdon  was  a  skillful  workman  and  many 
ancient  specimens  bearing  the  imprint  of  Rounds 
&  Langdon,  whose  establishment  was  then  located 
at  No.  46  State  street,  today  are  worthy  of  ad- 
miration because  of  the  artistic  execution  with 
which  they  were  turned  out. 

Thomas  C.  Whitmarsh  was  one  of  the  early 
printers  to  reach  Chicago  from  the  East,  he  com- 
ing to  this  city  in  1843.  His  first  employment 
was  on  the  Western  Citizen,  conducted  by 
Zebina  Eastman,  he  engaging  in  business  in 
1848,  the  firm  name  being  F.  Fulton  &  Co.,  it 
later  merging  into  that  of  C.  Scott  &  Co.  For 
several  years  he  was  employed  by  Rand-McNally 
in  the  responsible  duties  of  proofreader,  which 
position  he  retained  until  his  death.  Mr.  Whit- 
marsh  was  a  member  of  Plymouth  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  Chicago  from  its  foundation  in 
1852;  and  was  a  man  of  sterling  character,  a  fine 
printer  and  a  man  of  high  attainments.  He  saw 
the  art  of  printing  develop  in  a  manner  that  fell 
to  the  lot  of  but  few  and  he  always  took  a  keen 
interest  in  everything  that  would  contribute  to 
its  advancement. 

Mr.  Whitmarsh  was  born  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  1822,  and  at  an  early  age  entered  the 
establishment  of  George  and  Charles  Merriam, 
the  publishers  of  Webster's  Dictionary,  where  he 


glob  |Irintgrg  H3 


remained  until  coming  to  Chicago,  reaching  Chi- 
cago when  he  became  of  age. 

Mr.  Whitmarsh  died  on  October  10,  1885,  his 
activities  in  this  city  extending  over  a  period  of 
forty-two  years. 

Samuel  S.  Beach  for  nearly  thirty  years  was 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Beach  &  Barnard,  he 
and  Frederick  Barnard  starting  business  in  Jan- 
uary, 1857,  the  partnership  continuing  until  the 
death  of  Mr.  Beach  in  1884.  Mr.  Beach  was 
born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1828,  and  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  printing  craft  in  his  native 
city,  coming  West  upon  reaching  early  manhood. 
The  material  for  the  business  venture  was  pur- 
chased from  Rounds  &  Langdon,  the  first  type- 
founders to  sell  type  and  presses  in  Chicago. 
Liberal  credit  was  extended  to  the  struggling 
partners,  who  had  to  meet  the  financial  panic  of 
1857.  They,  however,  gradually  stemmed  the 
tide  of  adversity  and  became  the  most  successful 
printers  in  their  line.  The  fire  of  1871  obliter- 
ated their  establishment,  but  the  firm  was  quick 
to  start  anew,  Mr.  Barnard  (Barnard  &  Miller) 
being  now  the  oldest  employing  printer  in  Chi- 
cago, he  having  conducted  a  printing  office  for 
fifty-five  years. 

Richard  Robert  Donnelley  was  born  in  Hamil- 
ton, Canada,  November  15,  1836.  At  the  age  of 
13  he  entered  a  printing  office  to  learn  the  busi- 
ness. At  16  he  was  made  foreman  of  the  estab- 
lishment where  he  served  his  time.  He  subse- 
quently became  a  partner  of  William  Pigott,  who 


114  (0U>  ®tou»  Sob 


shortly  after  removed  to  Chicago  and  established 
the  Evening  Post.  Mr.  Donnelley  continued  in 
business  with  John  J.  Hand,  afterward  one  of 
the  proprietors  of  the  Galveston  News,  until  the 
depression  following  the  panic  of  1857,  he  went 
to  New  Orleans  to  take  charge  of  the  job  de- 
partment of  the  True  Delta,  where  he  remained 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he 
returned  to  Canada,  and  established  himself  in 
business.  In  1864  he  returned  to  Chicago  to 
become  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Church,  Good- 
man &  Donnelley,  which  in  a  few  years  became 
one  of  the  largest  book  and  periodical  publishing 
houses  in  the  West.  In  1870  the  Lakeside  Pub- 
lishing and  Printing  Co.  was  organized  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000  and  Mr.  Donnelley  was 
appointed  its  manager. 

This  corporation  was  established  for  the  pur- 
pose of  competing  for  the  western  book  trade. 
The  machinery,  material  and  business  of 
Church,  Goodman  &  Donnelley  were  purchased 
and  made  the  nucleus  of  the  new  enterprise. 
The  company  began  the  erection  of  a  pretentious 
structure  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Adams 
streets  known  as  the  Lakeside  Building,  but  when 
four  of  the  six  stories  had  been  completed  the 
great  fire  swept  away  their  effort.  Before  the 
smoke  had  cleared  away  Mr.  Donnelley  set  about 
to  restore  his  business,  and  four  days  following 
leased  the  third  floor  of  Nos.  103  and  105  South 
Canal  street  and  started  for  New  York  to  secure 
new  material,  beginning  business  on  his  own 


Sim*  3oh  irtntera  115 


account  while  awaiting  the  decision  of  the  Lake- 
side Company  as  to  its  future. 

That  corporation  had  lost  everything,  but  there 
were  among  its  stockholders  those  who  felt  it 
could  be  resuscitated  if  Mr.  Donnelley  would 
continue  his  relations  as  manager.  He  accepted 
the  proposition,  continuing  his  own  business,  and 
also  acting  as  manager  of  the  Lakeside  Company 
until  the  completion  of  the  new  building  in  June, 
1873.  He  then  merged  his  own  establishment 
into  that  of  the  Lakeside  Company. 

In  1874  Mr.  Donnelley  associated  with  A.  J. 
Cox  in  bookbinding  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Cox 
&  Co.  In  1877,  on  account  of  the  continued 
commercial  depression,  the  Lakeside  Company 
closed  its  business,  disposing  of  the  building  to 
the  estate  of  P.  F.  W.  Peck,  and  the  machinery 
and  printing  material  to  R.  R.  Donnelley  and 
A.  T.  Lloyd. 

In  1878  Norman  T.  Cassette  became  inter- 
ested in  the  concern,  and  a  corporation  under  the 
firm  name  of  Donnelley,  Cassette  &  Lloyd  was 
organized.  In  1879  Mr.  Donnelley  purchased 
the  interests  of  Mr.  Cassette  and  Mr.  Lloyd  and 
reorganized  the  company  under  the  name  of 
R.  R.  Donnelley  &  Sons  Company.  Mr.  Don- 
nelley has  gone  to  his  reward,  but  the  same  spirit 
still  dominates  the  business  in  the  persons  of  his 
sons. 

The  firm  of  Culver,  Page  &  Hoyne  was  a 
familiar  name  to  the  older  residents  of  Chicago 
and  was  established  in  1854.  Culver  &  Page 


116  (§to  Sim*  Job 


bought  out  a  plant  owned  by  a  Mr.  Stacy,  and  the 
following  year  Hoyne  was  made  a  member  of 
the  firm  and  the  house  of  Culver,  Page  &  Hoyne 
became  identified  with  Chicago's  commercial  in- 
terests. This  concern  in  1855  was  the  first  one 
in  the  United  States  which  printed  official  county 
record  forms  for  the  use  of  county  officials,  and 
these  blanks  were  adopted  by  nearly  every  state 
in  the  country,  particularly  in  the  North  and 
West. 

From  making  a  specialty  of  official  blanks  and 
blank  books  the  firm  of  Culver,  Page  &  Hoyne 
became  known  throughout  the  country,  and  for 
years  it  was  one  of  the  important  ones  in  its  line. 
The  institution  suffered  great  loss  by  the  fire  of 
1871,  but  quickly  re-established  its  business, 
gaining  more  patronage  than  ever.  Financial 
reverses  and  internal  disagreements  among  the 
stockholders  finally  forced  the  once  noted  estab- 
lishment to  close  its  doors  and  the  material  was 
disposed  of  by  piecemeal  shortly  after  a  reorgan- 
ization took  place  in  the  organization. 

The  firm  of  Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  printers, 
engravers,  electrotypers  and  map  and  book  pub- 
lishers, takes  its  origin  from  a  printing  establish- 
ment opened  in  1856  at  No.  148  Lake  street  by 
William  H.  Rand,  who  was  the  senior  member 
of  the  firm.  Mr.  Rand  in  1860  consolidated  his 
office  with  the  Tribune  job  department  at  No.  51 
Clark  street  and  assumed  the  superintendency. 
In  this  capacity  he  continued  for  eight  years 
when  he  and  Andrew  McNallv  with  others 


117 


formed  a  partnership  to  establish  a  printing  and 
publishing  house  under  the  firm  name  of  Rand, 
McNally  &  Co.  In  1873  the  firm  was  incorpor- 
ated as  a  stock  company  with  a  capital  of  $200,- 
000  under  the  same  name  and  it  has  since  then 
assumed  such  proportions  that  it  is  now  one  of 
the  largest  printing  houses  in  this  country. 

October  9,  1871,  when  located  at  No.  51  Clark 
street,  the  establishment  was  burned  out,  but 
business  was  resumed  at  No.  108  West  Randolph 
street,  near  Desplaines,  until  1873,  when  the 
company  moved  into  its  own  quarters  at  Nos. 
79-81  Madison  street.  This  becoming  too  re- 
stricted the  firm  erected  a  new  building  on  East 
Monroe  street,  and  later  outgrowing  this  they 
have  now  completed  a  large  structure  at  the 
junction  of  Clark,  Harrison  and  LaSalle  streets. 
This  is  ten  stories  high  and  of  the  latest  type  of 
fireproof  construction.  Mr.  Rand  withdrew  from 
the  company  some  twenty  years  ago. 

This  house  was  built  under  the  guiding  hand 
of  Andrew  McNally,  and  there  are  few  printing 
establishments  on  the  American  continent  which 
take  rank  with  it  either  in  the  variety  of  work 
turned  out  or  the  amount  of  its  product.  Mr. 
McNally  died  on  May  7th,  1904,  at  his  country 
home,  Pasadena,  Cal.,  his  departure  being  recog- 
nized as  a  loss  to  the  craft  and  the  business  world 
in  general. 

Thomas  C.  Haynes  for  many  years  manager 
of  the  establishment  of  Rand,  McNally  &  Co., 
was  recognized  as  a  workman  of  rare  capacity 


118 


and  as  one  who  was  thoroughly  grounded  in  his 
knowledge  of  the  business  from  many  angles. 
In  1858  Mr.  Haynes  was  foreman  of  the  Eve- 
ning Journal  job  department  and  introduced 
many  innovations  in  his  line  that  attracted  wide- 
spread attention.  He  was  among  the  first  to 
produce  high-grade  color  printing  and  was  inde- 
fatigable in  advancing  the  quality  of  his  work. 
During  his  connection  with  Messrs.  Rand,  Mc- 
Nally  &  Co.  it  was  his  privilege  to  see  that  house 
forge  to  the  front  and  become  one  of  the  largest 
producers  of  all  kinds  of  printing  in  the  country, 
his  ability  as  an  executive  being  conceded  by  all. 

Samuel  E.  Pinta  came  to  Chicago  in  1858,  he 
having  lived  for  some  years  previously  in  New 
Orleans.  It  is  questionable  if  any  member  of 
the  fraternity  in  the  old  days  or  since  had  the 
equipment  of  Mr.  Pinta  as  a  linguist,  he  being 
capable  of  executing  work  in  English,  French, 
Spanish  and  Italian.  His  first  work  was  in  the 
office  of  Wm.  H.  Rand,  No.  146  Lake  street, 
Andrew  McNally  being  foreman  at  that  time. 
All  during  his  life  Mr.  Pinta  took  great  interest 
in  French  literature,  and  for  a  time  in  connection 
with  a  number  of  others  he  published  a  French 
paper  under  the  title  "L'Amerique."  Mr.  Pinta 
died  in  1912. 

George  K.  Hazlitt  was  born  in  Bath,  England, 
in  1830.  Coming  to  this  country  during  the  war 
with  Mexico  he  enlisted  in  the  artillery  branch 
of  service,  joining  Major  Ringgold's  noted  bat- 
tery. He  participated  in  a  number  of  severe  en- 


Sob     rintgrB  119 


gagements,  among  others  Chapultepec,  Molino 
del  Rey  and  Buena  Vista.  Upon  the  close  of  the 
struggle  Hazlitt  joined  Walker's  filibustering 
expeditions  to  Nicaragua  and  was  wounded  at 
Bluefields.  Having  satisfied  his  desire  for  war 
Hazlitt  came  to  Chicago  and  during  the  remain- 
der of  his  life  was  a  factor  in  the  printing  world, 
first  as  a  journeyman  and  later  as  a  proprietor. 
Organizing  the  firm  of  Hazlitt  &  Quinton,  it  con- 
tinued in  business  until  the  later  '60's,  when 
Quinton  disposed  of  his  interest  to  A.  B.  Reed, 
the  new  firm  being  Hazlitt  &  Reed.  This  con- 
tinued until  the  death  of  Mr.  Reed,  when  Mr. 
Hazlitt  admitted  his  son  as  partner,  and  the  busi- 
ness was  conducted  until  the  demise  of  the  latter. 
George  K.  Hazlitt  took  the  greatest  interest  in 
fraternal  societies  and  filled  all  stations  of  prom- 
inence in  their  promotion  during  his  career. 

Napoleon  B.  Barlow  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1833,  coming  to  Chicago  when  20  years 
of  age.  Shortly  after  making  this  city  his  home 
he  established  the  company  with  which  he  was 
identified  for  forty-five  years.  On  account  of  his 
modest  and  retiring  disposition  he  was  not  as 
well  known  in  the  community  as  his  sterling  qual- 
ities would  warrant,  but  to  those  who  were 
acquainted  with  him  Mr.  Barlow  was  a  man 
whose  friendship  was  valuable.  In  him  the  strug- 
gling found  one  whose  aid  was  beneficial  and  an 
appeal  to  his  generosity  was  never  made  in  vain. 
Kindly  sympathy  and  co-operation  were  always 


120  (j&Ifr  Slum*  3ob 


forthcoming,  and  always  practical  when  pre- 
sented to  him. 

In  the  printing  world  Mr.  Barlow  was  unpre- 
tentious and  conservative  and  gained  the  regard 
of  his  fellows  by  his  uprightness  and  worth.  In 
the  rush  and  rapid  changes  since  the  fire  he  moved 
along  quietly  devoting  his  best  talents  to  serving 
his  patrons,  building  up  a  business  of  successful 
proportions,  and  accumulated  a  substantial  com- 
petency as  the  result  of  his  toil.  Mr.  Barlow  died 
Sept.  30,  1908. 

Adam  Craig  was  a  native  of  Leith,  Scotland, 
and  at  the  age  of  11  he  was  indentured  to  Messrs. 
Blackie  &  Sons,  Glasgow,  then  one  of  the  most 
important  printing  establishments  in  Great 
Britain.  Here  he  served  the  required  term  of 
seven  years,  but  wishing  to  add  to  his  knowledge 
of  the  art  he  was  induced  to  leave  his  native  land 
and  came  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1871,  first 
accepting  employment  in  the  office  of  Robert 
Fergus,  later  going  into  business  on  his  own  ac- 
count, the  firm  being  known  as  Bryant,  Walker  & 
Craig.  This  was  one  of  the  first  establishments 
in  the  burnt  district,  it  being  located  on  Lake 
street,  near  Franklin.  Becoming  desirous  of 
specializing  in  the  way  of  fine  printing,  Mr. 
Craig  opened  an  office  called  the  "Craig  Press," 
and  devoted  his  efforts  along  this  line,  finally 
going  into  the  publishing  branch  of  the  industry. 
For  more  than  forty  years  he  was  an  active  fac- 
tor in  the  realm  of  printing  in  Chicago,  dying  on 
May  2,  1911.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a 


121 


member  of  the  firm  of  Jacobsen  Publishing  Co., 
publishers  of  Hide  and  Leather. 

William  Franklin  Hall,  the  founder  of  the 
W.  F.  Hall  Printing  Company,  was  probably 
one  of  the  most  successful  master  printers  in 
Chicago,  if  the  comparatively  brief  period  of  his 
connection  with  the  trade  is  considered.  Mr.  Hall 
was  born  in  Columbia  City,  Ind.,  in  1862,  and 
acquired  an  insight  into  the  trade  in  a  country 
newspaper  office  in  the  Hoosier  State.  Ambi- 
tious to  advance,  he  in  1882  came  to  the  busy 
hive  of  the  industry,  Chicago,  and  at  once  began 
his  climb  to  distinction.  For  a  time  he  pursued 
his  calling  as  journeyman  and  later  assumed  the 
foremanship  of  the  Regan  Printing  House,  where 
his  ability  found  scope  for  its  display  and  where 
he  demonstrated  unusual  forcefulness  as  a  work- 
man. In  1893  Mr.  Hall  organized  the  W.  F. 
Hall  Company,  and  previous  to  his  death  he 
built  one  of  the  conspicuous  printing  establish- 
ments of  the  country,  demonstrating  possibilities 
in  the  industry  that  were  not  deemed  possible. 
Impaired  health  compelled  a  trip  to  Europe,  and, 
failing  of  relief,  his  death  took  place  in  London 
in  1911,  aged  49  years. 

John  Alexander  was  a  product  of  the  "Land 
of  the  Bonnie  Braes,"  being  born  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  the  home  of  good  printing,  in  1843,  he 
beginning  his  indenture  when  a  lad  of  11  years. 
Feeling  the  need  of  educational  advantages,  the 
youth  pursued  his  studies  in  night  schools,  and 
through  industrious  application  won  medals  of 


122 @Ifr  giimr  3(ob  f  rtnlrra 

honor  for  his  proficiency.  Mastering  the  mys- 
tery of  the  art  seemed  natural  to  Alexander;  he 
ascended  all  grades  to  the  superintendency  of 
the  institution  where  he  began  his  first  effort, 
arriving  at  that  distinction  upon  reaching  his 
majority.  Wishing  newer  and  wider  fields  of 
opportunity,  after  several  years  spent  as  super- 
intendent of  the  Glasgow  establishment,  Mr. 
Alexander  came  to  Chicago  the  year  of  the  fire 
and  associated  himself  with  the  D.  C.  Cook  Pub- 
lishing Company,  where  he  was  employed  almost 
twenty  years. 

There  were  but  few  craftsmen  in  all  branches 
of  the  printing  business  who  were  so  finished  and 
capable  as  John  Alexander,  and  it  may  be  stated 
to  his  credit  that  under  his  skillful  supervision 
many  of  the  most  important  pieces  of  printing 
of  his  time  were  executed  in  such  rapid  order  as 
to  excite  comment.  He  was  connected  with  a 
number  of  the  leading  printing  firms  of  the  city— 
among  these  were  William  Johnston  &  Co.,  the 
Regan  Printing  House,  and  others — until  shortly 
before  his  death,  which  occurred  in  April,  1909. 

Those  whom  we  have  been  privileged  to  men- 
tion constitute  but  a  small  fraction  of  the  number 
who  have  left  an  impress  upon  the  typographical 
history  of  Chicago.  They  were  representative 
followers  of  the  vocation,  with  all  that  the  term 
implies,  and  through  their  efforts  the  printing- 
world  as  we  know  it  in  this  day  and  generation 
has  been  the  legitimate  outgrowth  of  their  en- 
deavors. The  enterprise  of  these  pioneer  printers 


SItmg  Sob  jrintrrH  123 


contributed  striking  examples  of  courage  in  over- 
coming the  obstacles  which  surrounded  them,  and 
while  they  have  passed  to  their  reward,  the 
memory  of  their  achievements  remains  with  those 
who  have  come  after  them,  and  will  be  cherished 
as  a  rich  testimonial  to  the  skill  of  their  fellow- 
craftsmen  who  helped  to  make  Chicago  pre- 
eminently the  printing  center  of  the  nation. 

As  an  index  of  the  tremendous  strides  which 
printing  has  made  in  a  comparatively  few  years, 
it  may  be  recalled  that  in  the  directory  published 
in  1860-1861  there  were  only  twenty-nine  names 
of  printers  of  all  kinds,  that  is,  job  and  news- 
paper, while  the  directory  for  1911  shows  no  less 
than  1,047  book  and  job  printing  offices,  exclud- 
ing newspapers,  thereby  showing  the  industry 
has  developed  in  a  ratio  calculated  to  excite 
wonderment  on  the  part  of  those  now  engaged 
in  it.  From  every  point  of  view  the  capacity  to 
produce  as  well  as  the  high  quality  of  the  work 
turned  out,  Chicago's  supremacy  is  undisputed. 


's  iatlg 


The  history  of  the  newspaper  undertakings  of 
Chicago  during  the  past  three-quarters  of  a  cen- 
tury reads  like  a  chapter  of  romance  as  we  con- 
template the  enthusiastic  efforts  with  which 
ambitious  publishers  would  inaugurate  their 
enterprises  and  the  many  disappointments  which 
would  attend  their  projects  within  a  brief  space 
of  time. 

The  atmosphere  of  early  Chicago  seemed 
charged  with  the  stimulating  ozone  which  took 
form  in  pretentious  newspapers  and  periodicals, 
the  period  of  rapidly  changing  thought,  political 
alignment  and  development  doubtless  giving 
added  impetus  to  the  publication  idea.  At  all 
events,  there  were  issued  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines in  response  rather  to  the  impulse  of  the 
promoter  than  to  the  desire  of  the  public  or  its 
ability  to  support  these  after  they  were  started. 
As  a  consequence  many  of  them  had  but  an 
ephemeral  existence,  and  the  delver  into  facts  is 
forced  to  turn  into  almost  forgotten  receptacles 
to  bring  forth  even  brief  references  to  past 
publications. 

After  much  labor  and  research  there  has  been 
rescued  from  oblivion,  as  far  as  possible,  the 

126 


126  QUjtraiui'fl   Duiht    •N'ruu^tayrrr. 

names  and  titles  of  publications  of  former  days, 
and  it  is  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  be  able  to 
present  many  enterprises.  In  numerous  lines  of 
effort  these  papers  are  recognized  as  among  the 
most  influential  in  their  class,  and  while  some 
have  been  doubtless  overlooked  in  the  rapidity 
with  which  this  work  has  been  compiled,  on  the 
whole  the  extensive  list  presented  can  be  re- 
garded as  embracing  a  very  large  percentage  of 
the  projects  instituted  in  Chicago  since  the  first 
paper  was  issued,  almost  four  score  years  ago. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Chicago  was 
issued  by  John  Calhoun,  in  November,  1833. 
Calhoun  was  a  practical  printer  and  started  a 
weekly  called  the  Chicago  Democrat.  The  great 
West  was  then  attracting  settlers,  and  the  dis- 
turbed conditions  in  the  South  incident  to  the 
nullification  ideas  of  South  Carolina  made  the 
time  auspicious  to  establish  a  paper  which  would 
support  the  policies  of  Andrew  Jackson,  the  then 
President.  The  Democrat  continued  to  espouse 
the  cause  of  "Old  Hickory,"  and  it  found  a  field 
for  its  views  more  encouraging  by  far  than  it 
found  substantial  support  in  a  material  sense. 
Mr.  Calhoun  was  in  control  of  the  pioneer  paper 
for  three  years,  when  he  disposed  of  the  property 
to  John  Wentworth,  who  later  became  mayor 
and  afterward  served  as  a  member  of  Congress. 
Newspapers  had  been  started  in  other  portions  of 
Illinois  previous  to  Calhoun's  venture;  in  fact, 
there  were  many  much  more  promising  sites  for 
thriving  and  successful  papers  than  Chicago  pre- 


(Chtraitu's   II  ail  it   X'piuapa^rH  127 

sented  in  1833,  and  as  a  consequence  the  news- 
paper history  of  Illinois  is  an  old  and  interesting 
one. 

In  1840  Wentworth  issued  the  Democrat  as  a 
daily,  it  being  the  first  undertaking  in  that  line 
with  which  the  city  was  favored.  The  paper 
continued  in  its  support  of  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party  until  the  divisions  in  the  organ- 
ization over  the  slavery  question  became  so  wide 
that  a  new  party  came  to  the  front,  and  Went- 
worth gradually  left  his  former  affiliations  and 
later  landed  in  the  Republican  party.  Party  ties 
were  being  adjusted  on  new  lines,  and  the  Demo- 
crat became  pronounced  in  its  allegiance  to  the 
new  party.  With  the  inauguration  of  Lincoln 
and  imminent  danger  of  civil  war,  Wentworth 
looked  on  the  time  as  propitious  to  cast  aside  his 
burden  of  responsibility  as  the  publisher  of  a 
daily  paper,  which  he  had  been  running  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  and  in  1861  the  pioneer  daily 
was  turned  over  to  the  Tribune  and  it  ceased  to 
be  issued.  The  later  period  of  the  Democrat's 
career  was  at  a  time  of  tremendous  consequence 
to  human  rights,  problems  being  put  forward 
that  shook  the  very  foundations  of  free  govern- 
ment and  really  precipitated  the  bloody  strife  of 
four  years  for  final  settlement.  In  all  these  Chi- 
cago was  in  evidence,  and  in  many  particulars  it 
was  an  important  factor,  the  newspapers  con- 
tributing their  full  share  to  the  extraordinary 
development  now  so  observable  on  every  hand. 


128  <Eljtrag0'a  Daihj 


CHICAGO  TRIBUNE,  1847-1912:  In  absorbing  the  Chi- 
cago Democrat,  the  first  paper  to  be  issued  in  this  city, 
the  Tribune  may,  through  the  right  of  priority  at  least, 
claim  to  represent  a  continuous  publication  embracing  a 
period  of  seventy-nine  years,  although  its  own  first  issue 
was  begun  in  1847-  The  founders  of  the  Tribune  were 
Joseph  K.  C.  Forrest,  J.  J.  Kelly  and  J.  E.  Wheeler.  Mr. 
Forrest  for  years  had  been  the  editor  of  Wentworth's 
Democrat,  and  was  a  brilliant  writer  on  any  topic.  The 
ownership  of  the  Tribune  was  soon  assumed  by  Wheeler, 
Stewart  and  Scripps,  the  latter  member  of  the  trinity 
afterward  becoming  one  of  the  notable  newspaper  men 
of  his  time  and  later  filled  the  position  of  postmaster,  he 
being  appointed  by  President  Lincoln. 

Publishing  a  daily  paper  at  that  early  period  was  by  no 
means  a  sinecure,  it  never  having  been  an  easy  task,  and 
in  a  short  time  other  changes  were  brought  about.  In  1853 
an  important  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  Tribune  took 
place,  Mr.  Joseph  Medill  buying  an  interest  in  the  paper, 
he  forming  a  connection  with  Dr.  C.  H.  Ray  and  Alfred 
Cowles,  which  made  the  Tribune  a  force  in  the  city  and 
state  and  rapidly  pushed  its  claim  throughout  the  entire 
Northwest.  The  formative  stages  of  the  Republican 
party  were  greatly  aided  by  the  vigor  displayed  in  the 
espousal  of  the  principles  of  freedom  in  the  pages  of  the 
Tribune,  and  the  paper  became  a  valuable  auxiliary  in 
bringing  about  the  nomination  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  1860 
and  his  election  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States. 

In  1858  the  Democratic  Press  was  taken  over  by  the 
Tribune,  and  as  stated  above,  three  years  later,  1861,  the 
Democrat  was  absorbed  by  the  proprietors,  then  embrac- 
ing John  L.  Scripps,  William  Bross,  Joseph  Medill,  Alfred 
Cowles  and  Charles  H.  Ray,  doubtless  the  most  influential 
newspaper  phalanx  ever  harnessed  together.  The  monu- 
ment they  left  in  evidence  of  this  is  the  strongest  testi- 
monial of  the  truth  of  the  declaration.  Those  competent 
to  judge  concede  that  the  Tribune  as  a  piece  of  newspaper 
property  has  no  superior  within  the  limits  of  the  United 


lailg  SforoHjraprra  129 


States  and  few,  if  any,  equals  in  the  entire  field  of  jour- 
nalism. 

Every  feature  which  contributes  to  the  value  of  a  great 
newspaper  it  is  acknowledged  the  Tribune  possesses,  and 
its  enterprise  and  independence  is  a  household  word.  For 
over  a  half  century  this  journal  has  been  a  great  force  as 
well  as  a  prominent  figure  in  the  history  of  the  city,  state 
and  nation,  and  its  future  seems  to  have  quite  as  impor- 
tant a  bearing  upon  the  adjustment  of  perplexing  problems 
as  its  past  history  has  been  valuable  to  the  country  in 
general  in  aiding  in  the  solving  of  grave  questions  of  gov- 
ernment. 

Mr.  Joseph  Medill,  the  real  founder  of  the  Tribune, 
lived  to  see  his  undertaking  become  one  of  the  important 
institutions  for  the  advancement  of  progress,  and  his 
career  was  unique  in  the  fact  that  he  aided  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Republican  party,  and  much  longer  than  any  of 
his  contemporaries  he  continued  to  exert  a  dominating 
influence  in  the  policies  it  carried  out.  The  Tribune  is  now 
owned  by  the  daughters  of  Mr.  Medill,  Mrs.  Patterson  and 
Mrs.  McCormick.  Mr.  Medill  lived  to  see  all  his  con- 
temporaries, Greeley,  Bennett,  Raymond,  Weed  and  Dana, 
pass  away,  and  the  founders  of  the  party  which  he  aided 
in  building,  Lincoln,  Seward,  Chase,  Cameron  and  others, 
go  to  their  reward,  he  being  the  sole  survivor  of  that 
world's  great  epoch-making  period. 

EVENING  JOURNAL,  1844-1912:  The  first  number  of  the 
Evening  Journal  was  dated  April  22,  1844,  and  it  at  once 
became  a  vigorous  supporter  of  Henry  Clay,  the  Whig 
candidate  for  President.  As  an  exponent  of  the  policies  of 
that  party  the  Journal  quickly  assumed  a  prominent  place, 
and  while  the  organization  continued  it  loaned  its  influence 
to  promoting  its  success.  Richard  L.  Wilson  and  J.  W. 
Morris  were  the  first  editors  and  publishers,  Richard  L. 
Wilson  continuing  his  connection  with  the  paper  during  his 
life.  Charles  L.  Wilson,  a  brother,  became  interested  in 
the  publication  in  1849,  and  remained  with  it  either  as 
editor  or  adviser  until  his  death  in  1878. 


130  (fllFirago'H  lailg 


With  the  obliteration  of  the  Whig  party  in  1853  and  the 
gradual  crystallizing  of  the  anti-slavery  sentiment  the 
Journal  entered  the  Republican  fold,  and  with  the  inaugu- 
ration of  Lincoln  Mr.  C.  L.  Wilson  received  the  appoint- 
ment in  recognition  of  his  services  as  Secretary  of  Lega- 
tion to  the  Court  of  St.  James.  Andrew  Shuman  assumed 
the  editorship  in  1861  and  shaped  the  tone  of  the  paper 
for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  His  careful 
guidance  and  conservative  temperament  left  a  marked 
impression  on  the  columns  of  the  Journal,  and  it  came  to 
be  recognized  by  its  freedom  from  sensational  methods 
quite  generally  indulged  in  by  rivals  in  the  newspaper 
field. 

Occupying  the  afternoon  field  the  Journal  found 
numerous  opportunities  to  demonstrate  the  advantages 
which  it  had  in  purveying  news,  it  often  announcing  events 
of  tremendous  consequence  before  the  morning  papers 
could  get  into  action.  This  applied  with  special  emphasis 
during  the  civil  war,  when  news  facilities  were  difficult 
to  secure  and  telegraphic  reports  had  to  be  supplemented 
with  couriers  and  correspondents  that  found  themselves 
seriously  handicapped  in  forwarding  their  news  to  its 
destination. 

One  of  the  important  pieces  of  news  to  be  credited  to 
the  Journal  in  war  days  was  the  announcement  of  the  sur- 
render of  Vicksburg  and  the  capitulation  of  Pemberton's 
army  to  Grant.  So  far-reaching  in  effect  was  this  that 
though  the  struggle  was  maintained  for  a  considerable 
period  it  is  conceded  that  the  rebellion  never  recovered 
from  the  effects  of  the  Vicksburg  victory.  Lee's  collapse 
at  Appomattox  was  first  made  known  to  Chicago  readers 
through  the  medium  of  the  Journal,  while  the  capture  of 
Sedan  by  the  German  army  and  the  obliteration  of  the 
fortunes  of  Emperor  Napoleon  III.  were  first  announced 
to  Chicago's  citizens  by  the  "Old  Reliable,"  as  the  Journal 
came  to  be  considered  by  its  patrons. 

Confidence  in  a  newspaper  is  an  asset  of  value,  and  it 
has  been  the  history  of  the  Journal  to  an  acknowledged 


OJljtragn'B  Satlg  $>i»0pap*rH  131 

degree  to  have  the  regard  of  its  readers.  Its  policy  has 
been  such  as  to  command  respect,  and  its  course  in  later 
years,  while  possibly  inclined  to  be  less  partisan,  continues 
to  be  a  great  power  for  good  in  this  community. 

As  is  well  understood,  the  conflagration  of  1871  de- 
stroyed every  newspaper  establishment  in  the  city,  and 
effectually  paralyzed  efforts  to  resume  publication  because 
of  lack  of  material,  but  the  pluck  of  the  Journal  was  dis- 
played in  an  extraordinary  degree  by  the  fact  that  while 
the  fire  was  rapidly  pushing  its  way  to  Lincoln  Park  on 
that  fateful  Monday,  the  Journal  publishers  were  invading 
an  abandoned  printing  office  at  No.  18  South  Canal 
street  and  proceeded  to  get  out  a  small  sheet  in  defiance 
of  the  calamity.  No  one  not  familiar  with  this  period  of 
anxiety  can  fully  estimate  the  value  or  comprehend  the 
encouragement  which  this  circumstance  afforded  to  the 
victims  of  the  fire  and  how  their  hopes  were  revived  by 
the  example  of  newspaper  enterprise. 

At  once  business  was  attracted  to  the  West  Side,  and 
in  the  immediate  section  surrounding  the  Journal's  loca- 
tion there  was  a  revived  activity  that  would  not  have 
been  believed  possible  under  conditions  other  than  those 
stimulated  by  a  newspaper  atmosphere. 

The  Journal  continues  one  of  the  city's  great  news- 
papers and  its  broadening  influence  and  increasing 
patronage  have  been  legitimately  earned  by  uniform  devo- 
tion to  every  worthy  cause  and  in  the  advocacy  of  prin- 
ciples that  are  recognized  as  progressive.  For  about 
ten  years  John  C.  Eastman  has  been  in  charge  of  the 
Journal's  editorial  policy,  the  Journal  Company  being 
registered  as  its  publishers. 

THE  INTER  OCEAN,  1872-1912:  In  March,  1872,  there 
was  issued  from  the  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Con- 
gress street,  now  occupied  by  the  Auditorium,  a  newspaper 
which  up  to  that  time  never  had  a  counterpart  as  far  as 
its  name  is  concerned,  it  being  christened  Inter  Ocean, 
the  departure  itself  attracting  unusual  attention.  This 
undertaking  was  sponsored  by  Jonathan  Young  Scam- 


132  <Etitrago'0  latlg 


mon,  a  man  of  varied  purposes,  much  energy  and  extensive 
resources ;  among  other  things  he  owned  a  bank.  The 
latter  auxiliary  is  recognized  as  a  convenient  attachment 
to  a  newspaper  venture,  whether  big  or  little. 

The  Inter  Ocean  came  on  the  scene  of  action  imme- 
diately following  the  big  fire,  and  was  turned  out  from  a 
building  owned  by  Mr.  Scammon  which  had  escaped 
destruction.  By  taking  over  the  Associated  Press  fran- 
chise, then  controlled  by  the  Republican,  the  new  pro- 
prietor was  enabled  to  start  in  the  race  for  popularity 
with  this  essential  to  success,  and  while  the  Republican 
was  completely  absorbed,  the  principles  for  which  it  stood 
have  since  found  continuous  advocacy  in  the  Inter  Ocean. 
In  fact,  this  publication  boasts  of  its  Republican  pro- 
clivities and  claims  a  local  monopoly  in  the  advocacy  of 
the  policies  of  the  party  that  have  dominated  the  country's 
affairs  for  so  long  a  period. 

The  first  editor  of  the  Inter  Ocean  was  E.  W.  Halford, 
he  continuing  in  that  position  until  superseded  by  Frank 
W.  Palmer,  who  purchased  an  interest  in  the  enterprise, 
William  Penn  Nixon  being  the  business  manager.  The 
financial  disturbances  of  1873  seriously  interfered  with 
the  prosperity  of  new  enterprises  and  Mr.  Scammon  sold 
his  control,  the  newspaper  managing  to  emerge  from  the 
breakers  and  gradually  establish  itself.  As  an  exponent 
of  the  protection  idea  the  Inter  Ocean  has  stood  without 
a  peer,  and  this  feature  has  gained  for  it  a  standing  that 
is  recognized  as  of  value  in  party  councils. 

During  the  exciting  presidential  campaign  wherein 
Tilden  and  Hayes  in  1876  battled  so  strong  for  the  votes 
of  the  Southern  States,  and  which  showed  so  close  a  finish 
through  the  manipulation  of  corrupt  canvassing  boards, 
the  Inter  Ocean  stood  alone  among  the  newspapers  of  the 
country  in  its  claim  for  the  election  of  Hayes,  and  it  had 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  its  position  justified. 

For  upward  of  fifteen  years,  or  until  October,  1912, 
the  Inter  Ocean  was  under  the  control  of  George  Wheeler 
Hinman,  he  disposing  of  his  holding  to  H.  H.  Kohlsaat, 


(£tjira00'H  Satlg   •NfttJHjrajrrrfi  133 

who  formerly  owned  the  paper  and  who  now  directs  the 
policy  of  the  journal  in  the  time-tried  path  of  protection 
to  American  industry  and  the  advocacy  of  Republican 
principles.  Since  Mr.  Kohlsaat's  advent  there  have  been 
changes  made  in  the  appearance  of  the  paper  which  indi- 
cate ripe  newspaper  judgment  and  reflect  credit  on  his 
sense  of  typographical  fitness. 

DAILY  NEWS,  1875-1912:  This  important  contribution 
to  the  newspaper  world  was  installed  in  a  modest  way  on 
December  26,  1875,  by  three  venturesome  journalists 
named  Melville  E.  Stone,  Percy  R.  Meggy  and  William 
E.  Dougherty.  The  undertaking  was  the  first  effort  made 
to  introduce  the  one-cent  idea  into  the  newspaper  field 
of  Chicago,  and,  like  many  enterprises  of  the  character 
pertaining  to  establishing  a  daily,  it  encountered  obstacles 
that  were  calculated  to  discourage  any  but  the  most  deter- 
mined and  persevering.  '  Meggy  and  Dougherty  retired 
after  a  short  experience,  leaving  Stone  to  pilot  the  venture 
through  the  uncertain  waters  of  hard  times  and  much 
opposition. 

Gradually  the  paper  gained  recognition,  and  with  the 
aid  of  resources  supplied  by  Victor  F.  Lawson,  who  now 
controls  the  institution,  the  Daily  News  is  read  by  a  thou- 
sand eager  patrons  where  less  than  a  hundred  scanned  its 
columns  in  the  later  '70's.  In  advertising  receipts  the 
Daily  News  has  grown  to  be  a  giant,  while  in  influence 
and  character  as  a  purveyor  of  news  the  undertaking 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  newspaperdom.  Mr.  Stone 
directed  the  policy  of  the  paper  for  upward  of  thirteen 
years,  when  he  retired.  In  May,  1881,  a  morning  edition 
was  begun,  later  changing  its  name  to  the  Record.  In 
March,  1901,  Mr.  Lawson  disposed  of  the  Record,  it  being 
merged  v/ith  the  Times-Herald  as  the  Record-Herald. 

The  Daily  News  has  been  the  exponent  of  independent 
thought  in  politics  and  has  sought  to  eliminate  sensation- 
alism in  the  printing  of  news.  Extensive  cable  service 
for  its  foreign  dispatches  and  liberal  disbursements  for 
domestic  happenings  has  given  the  Daily  News  a  follow- 


134  (Ehirago'B  Sathj 


ing  such  as  few  newspapers  have.  Its  growth  is  one  of 
the  conspicuous  achievements  in  the  realm  of  journalism 
and  its  success  is  the  more  noteworthy  because  of  its  very 
modest  beginning. 

CHICAGO  RECORD-HERALD:  Chicago  Record-Herald, 
established  in  1881  as  the  Chicago  Herald,  March  4,  1895, 
the  Chicago  Times  was  merged  with  the  Herald  as  Times- 
Herald;  on  March  28,  1901,  the  Record  was  consolidated 
with  the  Record  as  the  Record-Herald. 

With  the  institution  of  the  original  Herald  in  1881  there 
was  attached  to  its  creation  a  brilliant  galaxy  of  news- 
paper writers  of  wide  experience,  the  paper  at  once 
attracting  attention. 

Frank  W.  Palmer  was  the  editor-in-chief,  and  such 
important  auxiliaries  as  David  Henderson,  John  F.  Bal- 
lentine  and  W.  D.  Bogart  were  his  associates.  James 
W.  Scott  was  the  publisher  and  business  manager.  Mr. 
Scott  set  out  to  make  the  paper  one  of  superior  typo- 
graphical attractiveness,  and  in  many  respects  he  made 
it  a  model  for  the  country's  newspapers  to  copy  from. 
The  artistic  effect  of  neat  display  headings,  symmetrical 
make-up  and  good  ink  and  paper  proved  a  combination 
of  excellence  and  the  Herald  gained  a  place  in  the  news- 
paper world  which  it  has  maintained  to  the  present. 

Changes  occurring  in  the  proprietorship  of  the  paper, 
Martin  J.  Russell  and  Horatio  W.  Seymour  assumed  con- 
trol of  the  editorial  management,  the  journal  flourishing 
as  few  undertakings  in  the  newspaper  line  had  done 
previously,  its  influence  being  far-reaching  and  its 
patronage  continued  to  grow.  Further  alterations  in 
management  affected  changes  in  policy,  leading  to  the 
absorption  of  the  Chicago  Times  and  later  to  the  taking 
over  of  the  Record,  as  mentioned  above,  but  in  no  wise 
disturbing  the  hold  the  paper  had  on  its  patrons.  The 
foundation  for  the  Record-Herald's  constituency,  the 
original  Record  and  Herald,  has  been  so  substantial  as 
to  supply  a  liberal  and  increasing  patronage,  and  this 


'ii  Hatlg  53>ro0pajuer0  135 


has  been  safeguarded  by  following  a  conservative  course 
which  has  made  friends  for  the  paper. 

EVENING  POST,  1889-1912:  There  have  been  many 
journalistic  ventures  in  Chicago  with  the  name  of  Evening 
Post,  but  the  one  which  has  lasted  and  bids  fair  to  become 
as  permanent  as  the  municipality  itself,  is  the  one  begun 
with  ample  equipment  of  newspaper  resources  and  liberal 
capital  in  1889  by  James  W.  Scott  and  a  coterie  of  trained 
journalists.  This  practical  band  of  clever  newsgatherers 
at  once  made  the  enterprise  a  success,  and  almost  from 
the  first  issue  the  Post  had  a  large  following.  Originally 
the  paper  was  sold  at  two  cents,  but  a  short  time  ago  the 
price  was  lowered  to  the  cheaper  standard,  and  the  paper 
has  continued  to  flourish.  In  typographical  excellence  the 
Post  is  regarded  as  a  model,  and  in  dignity  and  bearing 
the  paper  is  of  meritorious  quality.  A  number  of  noted 
newspaper  men  won  distinction  on  the  Post  in  its  early 
days,  among  others  F.  P.  Dunne  of  "Dooley"  letters  fame, 
and  Kirke  La  Shelle,  who  afterwards  became  prominent 
as  a  playwright. 

John  C.  Shaffer  is  the  editor  and  publisher,  he  owning 
three  daily  papers  in  the  Hoosier  state,  and  one  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  For  a  number  of  years  the  Post  has  leaned  to 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,  but  the  recent 
campaign  found  the  paper  espousing  the  cause  of  the 
Progressives.  Much  space  is  given  in  the  paper  to  music, 
art,  theatricals,  book  reviews  and  commercial  and  financial 
reports,  its  patronage  seeming  to  warrant  the  attention 
given  to  these  departments. 

CHICAGO  AMERICAN,  1900-1912:  On  July  4,  1900, 
William  Randolph  Hearst  launched  the  first  number  of 
his  Chicago  American,  and  from  that  day  to  the  present 
there  has  been  unusual  evidence  of  newspaper  activity. 
The  new  undertaking  was  so  unlike  what  the  citizens  of 
Chicago  had  been  familiar  with  that  predictions  were 
general  that  modifications  would  have  to  be  made  in  the 
appearance  of  the  newcomer  if  it  would  succeed.  This 
prophecy  has  remained  unfulfilled,  and  instead  of  their 


136  <Eljira00'0  Bailg 


being  changes  in  the  appearance  of  the  Hearst  addition 
to  the  journalistic  fold  there  has  come  about  a  general 
acceptance  of  the  methods  of  displaying  news  of  which 
the  American  was  the  pioneer  in  this  community. 

Frequent  editions,  utilizing  illustrations  to  the  point  of 
extravagance,  prominent  and  emphatic  headlines,  illumi- 
nated colors,  signed  articles,  comic  sections,  serial  stories 
and  all  have  come  to  be  looked  on  as  a  necessary  part  of 
the  daily  paper,  and  in  many  instances  these  features  have 
been  adopted  by  other  newspapers  so  that  these  innova- 
tions now  occasion  no  surprise. 

With  the  advent  of  the  American  there  was  inaugurated 
rapid  methods  of  producing  the  paper  and  efficiency  ideas 
in  connection  with  its  distribution  which  soon  gained  a 
large  circulation,  and  this  has  increased  in  such  a  ratio 
that  the  American  boasts  of  its  readers  by  the  hundred 
thousand.  While  favoring  Democratic  policies  in  the  con- 
duct of  national  affairs,  the  American  has  assumed  a 
broad  and  independent  attitude  concerning  monopolies 
and  trusts  which  has  attached  to  it  a  large  and  influential 
following  and  which  the  signs  of  the  times  indicate  is  on 
the  increase. 

CHICAGO  EXAMINER,  1902-1912:  The  advantage  of 
Chicago  as  a  center  for  newspaper  publishing  was  dem- 
onstrated by  Mr.  Hearst's  efforts  with  the  American,  and 
two  years  after  its  installation  he  began  a  morning  issue 
and  named  it  the  Examiner.  This  was  sold  at  one  cent 
per  copy  and  rapidly  gained  an  extensive  circulation,  the 
other  morning  papers  being  sold  at  two  cents.  The  fea- 
tures which  made  the  American  popular  were  retained  and 
the  utilizing  of  time  in  sending  out  to  outlying  communi- 
ties a  journal  that  would  reach  the  reader  as  early  as  the 
home  product  soon  secured  a  valuable  recognition,  and 
possibly  influenced  the  other  morning  papers  to  reduce 
the  price  at  least  to  local  consumers. 

The  prominence  which  the  Hearst  papers  gained  may 
be  attributed  to  the  manner  in  which  the  happenings  of 
the  day  were  uniquely  set  forth  as  well  as  the  vigorous 


'H  latlg  £foui0frap?rH  137 


manner  in  which  ideas  were  heralded  in  the  editorial  col- 
umns, the  publisher  doubtless  reaching  the  conclusion  that 
either  a  considerable  portion  of  the  reading  public  were 
being  overlooked  or  they  were  treated  as  incapable  of 
displaying  an  intercut  in  problems  and  questions  affecting 
welfare.  In  brief,  it  may  be  stated  that  independent 
thought  in  journalism  and  policies  associated  with  better 
conditions  for  the  common  people  have  been  presented  by 
trained  writers  in  a  manner  that  has  found  an  eager  and 
increasing  following  anxious  to  receive  the  message  and 
learn  the  lesson  of  democratic  equality  which  these  enter- 
prises teach.  Mr.  Hearst  is  one  of  the  extensive  pub- 
lishers in  the  United  States,  his  chain  of  papers  extending 
from  coast  to  coast,  arid  one  might  almost  add,  from  gulf 
to  gulf.  All  are  successful  and  his  organization  is  one  of 
vigor  and  efficiency,  hence  his  success  is  not  to  be  wondered 
at  by  one  who  studies  the  causes  that  have  brought  these 
things  about. 

CHICAGO  EVENING  WORLD:  (Founded  as  the  Chicago 
Socialist  and  Chicago  Daily  Socialist.)  Published  by  the 
Workers'  Publishing  Society,  No.  207  West  Washington 
street.  The  Evening  World  is  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Socialism  and  economic  reform,  and  can  be  classed  as  an 
influential  journal  promoting  advanced  industrial  thought. 
Gordon  Nye,  managing  editor;  Peter  Bulthouse,  business 
manager.  In  addition  to  the  afternoon  issue  the  World 
has  a  Sunday  edition.  The  Daily  Socialist,  which  the 
World  supplanted,  was  established  in  1906,  and  has  been 
a  creditable  exponent  of  the  socialistic  idea. 

CHICAGO  DAILY  PRESS,  1912:  The  Press  is  Chicago's 
latest  addition  to  the  newspaper  fold,  L.  V.  Ashbaugh, 
publisher.  Office  of  publication,  No.  1938  West  North 
avenue.  The  first  number  is  dated  Aug.  14,  1912,  and  it 
is  issued  to  encourage  a  neighborhood  interest  in  the  North- 
west Side  section  of  Chicago.  The  Press  is  supplied  with 
the  service  of  the  United  Press  Association,  and  is  inde- 
pendent in  its  attitude  on  social  and  economic  questions. 


138  (!Ihirmtu'«   Uathj 


Issued  at  one  cent  a  copy,  is  liberal  in  views  and  friendly 
to  labor,  and  has  many  features  which  will  commend  it  to 
readers.  The  paper  during  the  months  it  has  appealed 
for  support  has  gained  satisfactory  headway,  and  since  it 
has  ample  resources  and  a  well-appointed  plant  for  the 
getting  out  of  the  paper  there  are  many  reasons  for  the 
venture  to  prove  a  success,  the  publication  up  to  the  present 
proving  the  field  it  occupied  to  be  an  encouraging  one. 
Chicago's  rapid  growth  in  population  will  justify  more 
reading  matter  for  the  people,  especially  along  lines  not 
supplied  by  mediums  that  have  been  established  for  so 
long  a  time  that  age  has  given  them  a  conservative  tendency, 
and  the  Press  expects  to  find  recognition  in  this  field  of 
action. 


ABENDPOST,  1889-1912:  Established  by  Frederick  Glo- 
gauer,  who  remains  as  publisher  and  editor.  Evening  Ger- 
man daily  and  Sunday  edition,  Sonntagpost.  Issued  from 
publication  office,  Fifth  avenue  and  Monroe  street.  The 
Abendpost  is  one  of  the  most  influential  German  papers 
printed  in  this  country. 

ABEND  ZEITUNG,  1856-1858:  German  daily,  published 
in  1856  by  Committi  and  Becker.  In  1858,  published  by 
Committi  and  Bode,  edited  by  Henry  Ginal. 

ACADEMY  OF  Music  GAZETTE,  1864-1867:  A  weekly, 
devoted  to  musical  interests.  W.  J.  Jefferson  &  Co., 
publishers,  1864-1865;  G.  S.  Utter  &  Co.,  1866-1867. 

ADVANCE,  established  September,  1867:  Congrega- 
tional weekly  published  by  the  Advance  Co.  W.  W.  Pat- 
ton,  D.  D.,  editor-in-chief,  1867-1873,  with  J.  B.  T.  Marsh 
publisher.  In  1870  A.  B.  Nettleton  was  publisher.  In 
1873  the  paper  was  purchased  by  C.  H.  Howard  &  Co. 
Dr.  Patton  was  succeeded  by  Gen.  Howard.  In  1877 
Rev.  T.  De  Witt  Talmage  and  Gen.  Howard  were  editors. 
Gen.  Howard  continued  to  1882.  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  West 
was  editor  and  manager  until  1886.  Dr.  Simeon  Gilbert 
then  became  editor,  with  Dr.  F.  A.  Noble  as  editor-in- 
chief.  Dr.  Noble  retired  in  1888,  and  a  Mr.  Harrison 
became  editor  and  general  manager.  In  1907  Rev.  J.  A. 
Adams  became  editor,  and  still  fills  the  position.  J.  C. 
Kilner,  publisher. 

ADVANCE  GUARD,  1869:  This  paper  was  mentioned  in 
the  directory  for  1869.  It  was  absorbed  by  the  Chicagoan, 
which  continued  as  the  Universe,  June,  1869. 

139 


140  IKt0n»Uanrau0 


ADVENT  CHRISTIAN  TIMES,  1861-1877:  A  Second-  Ad- 
vent weekly.  In  1873  W.  L.  Hines  was  editor;  in  1874- 
1875,  William  Sheldon;  1876-1877,  Frank  Burr.  The 
publishers  during  these  periods  were  the  Western  Advent 
Christian  Publishing  Society. 

ADVERTISER'S  ASSISTANT,  1871-1872:  Monthly.  Cook, 
Coburn  &  Co.,  editors  and  publishers. 

ADVOCATE,  1873-1877:  An  insurance  monthly.  The 
Protection  Life  Insurance  Co.,  publishers  in  1874  and 
1875.  In  1876  and  1877  Martin  Ryan  was  editor  and 
publisher. 

ADVOCATE  OF  PEACE,  1869-1874:  Monthly.  The  Amer- 
ican Peace  Society,  editors  and  publishers.  Dated  at 
Boston  and  Chicago. 

AGENTS'  GUIDE,  1873-1880:  Monthly.  James  P.  Scott, 
editor  and  publisher. 

AGERDYRKNING  AND  OECONOMIE,  1870-1871:  Scandina- 
vian. Barthene  &  Rene  are  given  as  publishers  in  the 
Chicago  City  Directories  for  1870  and  1871. 

AGITATOR,  1869:  Mentioned  in  Directory  of  1869  as 
a  woman's  periodical. 

AGRICULTURE  AND  FAMILY  GAZETTE,  1879:  Mentioned 
in  the  Directory  for  1879.  Ray  Lespinasse,  manager. 

ALARM,  1878-1884:  An  English  organ  of  the  Working- 
man's  party.  Edited  by  Alfred  R.  Parsons,  one  of  the 
Chicago  anarchists  executed  November,  1887. 

ALL  THE  WORLD  OVER,  1878:  Mentioned  in  the  Direc- 
tory for  1878.  G.  F.  Thomas,  publisher. 

AMATEUR'S  JOURNAL,  1879:  An  amateur  paper  edited 
and  published  by  Henry  F.  Donohoe. 

AMERICAN,  1835-1839:  A  Whig  paper,  issued  daily 
after  April  9,  1839.  Edited  by  T.  O.  Davis,  1835-1837; 
William  Stuart,  1837. 


4ili0rrUatmw0  Publiraliana  141 


AMERICAN  ANTIQUARIAN,  1878-1881:  Established  and 
edited  by  Stephen  D.  Peet.  After  the  first  three  volumes 
the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  to  American  Anti- 
quarian and  Oriental  Journal.  Published  as  a  quarterly 
until  1884. 

AMERICAN  ARTISAN  AND  HARDWARE  RECORD,  1881-1912: 
Originally  established  as  a  monthly,  later  changed  to  a 
semi-monthly;  in  1885  the  publication  was  made  a  weekly, 
and  so  has  continued  to  the  present.  Issued  from  No.  537 
South  Dearborn  street.  Daniel  Stern,  publisher  and  pro- 
prietor since  the  paper  was  established.  The  American 
Artisan  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  stove,  tin,  hard- 
ware, heating  and  ventilating  industries.  Subscription 
price  $2.00  per  year.  This  publication  circulates  in  every 
portion  of  the  United  States  and  is  a  recognized  authority 
in  the  field  it  occupies. 

AMERICAN  ASPIRANT,  1874-1876:  Edited  and  published 
by  A.  F.  Bradley  &  Co. 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL,  1861  to  date:  Monthly.  De- 
voted to  the  interests  of  bee  keepers.  In  1873-1874  W.  F. 
Clarke  was  editor;  T.  G.  Newman,  business  manager;  and 
the  American  Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  In  1875  Mr. 
Clarke  and  Mrs.  E.  S.  Tupper  were  editors.  T.  G.  New- 
man was  editor  and  publisher  in  1876.  For  the  four  years 
following  T.  G.  Newman  was  editor;  Newman  &  Sons, 
publishers.  In  1907  George  W.  York  was  editor,  the  pub- 
lishers were  George  W.  York  &  Co. 

AMERICAN  BUILDER  AND  JOURNAL  OF  ART,  Oct.  15, 
1868-1872:  Monthly.  Established  by  Charles  D.  Lakey, 
publisher,  with  J.  C.  Adams  as  editor.  Lakey  later  be- 
came editor  and  Stanley  Waterloo  associate.  The  publi- 
cation was  designed  to  interest  builders  and  to  remedy 
defects  in  American  architecture. 

AMERICAN  CABINET  MAKER,  UPHOLSTERER  AND  CARPET 
REPORTER,  1870-1881:  A  trade  paper,  published  in  Bos- 
ton, with  branch  offices  in  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Philadel- 


142  itti'-.rrllunnuui    ihib  lira  tinny 

phia,  and  New  York.     J.  Henry  Syraonds  was  editor  and 
publisher  in  1876,  and  in  1880. 

AMERICAN  CARPENTER  AND  BUILDER,  1905-1912:  Pub- 
lished monthly.  Win.  A.  Radford,  editor.  Issued  monthly 
from  No.  178  West  Jackson  boulevard.  The  American 
Carpenter  and  Builder  is  devoted  to  all  branches  of  the 
building  industry.  Each  issue  is  from  140  to  180  pages. 
Business  manager,  E.  L.  Hatfield.  The  corporation  is 
chartered  under  the  statutes  of  West  Virginia,  and  the 
periodical  has  a  circulation  of  approximately  40,000. 

AMERICAN  CHESS  JOURNAL,  1878-1881:  A  monthly, 
given  to  problems  of  the  game  of  chess. 

AMERICAN  CHURCHMAN,  1862-1871:  An  Episcopal 
church  paper  edited  by  Hugh  Miller  Thompson.  In  1869 
H.  R.  Hayden  was  publisher.  The  American  Churchman 
Co.  publishers,  1870  and  1871. 

AMERICAN  CONTRACTOR,  1879-1912:  A  monthly  devoted 
to  trade,  especially  to  furnishing  advance  reports  of  build- 
ing projects  before  the  closing  of  contracts.  B.  Edwards 
&  Co.  publishers,  1895;  American  Contractor  Co.  in  1899. 
H.  A.  Beckel  editor,  and  the  American  Contractor  Publish- 
ing Co.  publishers. 

AMERICANISCHER  FARMER,  1871-1874:  A  German 
weekly.  Julius  Silversmith  was  editor;  the  Cosmopolitan 
Publishing  Co.  were  publishers.  Listed  in  1874  as 
Amerik  Farmer. 

AMERICAN  FLORIST,:  Established  in  1885,  by  J.  C. 
Vaughan.  Published  weekly  from  No.  440  South  Dearborn 
street,  by  the  American  Florist  Co.  Each  issue  embraces 
from  64  to  100  or  more  pages.  Subscription  price,  United 
States  and  Mexico,  $1.00  per  year;  Canada,  $2.00;  coun- 
tries in  the  Postal  Union,  $2.50.  The  American  Florist 
circulates  exclusively  among  the  flower  trade.  Advertising 
carried  for  the  flower  trade  solely  or  activities  associated 
with  the  business.  Official  journal  of  numerous  floral  or- 
ganizations. Michael  Barker,  editor  and  manager. 


ifluirrlluurmui    !|Juliliruttuur.  143 

AMERICAN  FOOD  JOURNAL,  1906-1912:  Published  in  the 
interest  of  pure  food  and  correct  labeling  of  goods.  H.  B. 
Meyers  &  Co.,  publishers.  Office  of  publication,  No.  .15  S. 
Market  street.  Herman  B.  Meyers,  editor.  Subscription 
price,  $1.00  per  year.  The  American  Food  Journal  is 
issued  monthly. 

AMERICAN  FURNITURE  GAZETTE,  1878-1881:  A  monthly 
trade  periodical. 

AMERICAN  FURNITURE  MANUFACTURER,  1911-1912: 
Published  by  the  Trade  Periodical  Co.,  at  No.  335  Dear- 
born street.  P.  D.  Francis,  president.  With  this  publica- 
tion is  incorporated  the  Furniture  Factory.  Subscription 
price,  $1.00  per  year.  All  branches  of  furniture  making  is 
treated  of  in  the  American  Furniture  Manufacturer.  Each 
issue  contains  sixty-four  or  more  pages. 

AMERICAN  GRAPHIC,  1879-1905:     A  society  monthly. 

AMERICAN  HOME,  1877-1881:  A  bi-monthly  family 
periodical.  In  1879  and  1880  Mrs.  T.  C.  Campbell  was 
editor  and  publisher. 

AMERICAN  HOME  MAGAZINE,  1873:  An  illustrated  mag- 
azine. C.  H.  Taylor  &  Co.,  proprietors. 

AMERICAN  HOMES  MAGAZINE,  1874:  An  illustrated 
magazine  published  by  Henry  L.  Shepard  &  Co.  F.  W. 
McClure  was  manager  in  1874.  Listed  also  as  American 
Home. 

AMERICAN  HOMEOPATH,  1878-1880:  A  monthly  homeo- 
pathic journal,  published  in  New  York,  dated  from  New 
York  and  Chicago  until  1880.  In  1879  J.  P.  Mills  was 
editor;  A.  L.  Chatterton  &  Co.,  publishers.  In  1880 
Charles  E.  Blumenthal,  M.  D.,  was  editor;  A.  L.  Chat- 
terton Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  Vols.  2  and  3  were 
called  American  Homeopathist  and  later  volumes,  Ameri- 
can Physician. 

AMERICAN  HORSE-SHOER  AND  HARDWARE  JOURNAL, 
1876-1881:  A  commercial  monthly. 


144  £Kt0rrUattwm0  Jfubltratuittfi 

AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  EDUCATION,  1868-1879:  A 
monthly  educational  magazine.  Edited  and  published  in 
1873  by  Rev.  E.  N.  Andrews  and  Grace  Hurwood.  In 
1875  and  1876,  J.  B.  Merwin  was  editor  and  publisher. 
In  1879  J.  B.  Merwin  and  R.  B.  Shannon  were  editors 
and  publishers. 

AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  MATERIA  MEDICA,  1861-1862: 
A  monthly  medical  journal,  edited  by  G.  E.  Shipman, 
M.  D. ;  published  by  Halsey  &  King. 

AMERICAN  LAW  MANUAL,  1864-1867:  A  quarterly  pub- 
lication, devoted  to  legal  interests.  Elijah  M.  Haines, 
publisher,,  1864-1867. 

AMERICAN  LUMBERMAN,  1899-1912:  Leading  exponent 
of  the  American  lumber  industry.  Issued  weekly  from  No. 
431  South  Dearborn  street,  Chicago.  The  American  Lum- 
berman is  the  combined  outgrowth  of  the  Northwestern 
Lumberman,  established  in  1873,  and  the  Timberman, 
founded  in  1886.  The  publication  is  conducted  by  a  cor- 
poration owned  by  the  J.  E.  Defebaugh  estate.  Elmer  C. 
Hole,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  company,  is  also  the 
manager.  John  E.  Williams  and  Willard  C.  Howe,  editors. 
Subscription  price,  $4.00  per  year.  The  American  Lum- 
berman is  recognized  as  the  leading  trade  paper  of  the 
American  continent  and  wields  a  wide  influence  in  varied 
branches  of  the  lumber  industry.  Each  issue  embraces 
from  100  to  250  pages,  covering  every  feature  of  the  lum- 
bering trade. 

AMATEUR  MECHANIC,  July,  1877:  A  monthly  edited 
and  published  by  Samuel  Harris. 

AMERICAN  MESSENGER,  1868-1871:  Monthly.  Pub- 
lished in  English  as  the  American  Messenger  and  in  Ger- 
man as  the  Americanischer  Botschafter.  American  Tract 
Society,  publishers. 

AMERICAN  MILLER,  1873-1912:  Devoted  to  milling. 
Published  one  year  at  Ottawa  before  removal  to  Chicago, 
May,  1874.  It  was  originally  owned  and  edited  by  S.  S. 


145 


Chisholm,  with  whom  was  associated  Arthur  J.  Mitchell, 
and  subsequently,  in  1876,  Harley  B.  Mitchell.  The 
American  Miller  Publishing  Co.  was  incorporated  in  1878, 
and  in  1882  the  corporation  was  changed  to  Mitchell 
Brothers  Co,  In  1907-1912  H.  B.  Mitchell  was  editor. 
The  officers  of  the  company  are:  H.  B.  Mitchell,  presi- 
dent; M.  W.  Mitchell,  vice-president;  A.  J.  Mitchell, 
secretary-treasurer. 

AMATEUR  MONTHLY,  1871-1872:  An  amateur  paper, 
established  by  C.  C.  Hoyt  and  Will  E.  Card. 

AMERICAN  ODD  FELLOW  AND  MAGAZINE  OF  LITERATURE 
AND  ART,  1848:  Monthly.  This  was  the  first  organ  of 
secret  societies  in  Chicago.  Edited  by  J.  L.  Enos  and 
Rev.  Wm.  Rounseville;  published  by  James  L.  Enos  & 
Co. 

AMERICAN  PHOTO-ENGRAVER,  1908-1912:  Issued  monthly 
as  the  official  journal  of  the  Photo-Engravers'  Union  of 
North  America.  Matthew  Woll,  editor;  F.  H.  Glenn,  John 
Schussler,  F.  R.  Ballbach,  associate  editors.  Office  of 
publication,  No.  6111  Bishop  street.  Subscription  price, 
50  cents  per  year.  Each  issue  embraces  from  32  to  48 
pages. 

AMERICAN  POULTRY  JOURNAL  —  Established  in  1874,  in 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  by  C.  J.  Ward,  and  moved  to  Chicago 
in  1876:  An  illustrated  monthly,  devoted  to  thoroughbred 
chickens,  turkeys,  ducks  and  geese.  Ward  &  Darrah, 
publishers.  ...  In  1879  C.  J.  Ward,  H.  C.  Darrah  and  C. 
W.  Heaton  were  editors;  Ward  &  Darrah,  publishers.  The 
paper  was  purchased  by  Morgan  Bates  in  1888.  George 
G.  Bates  bought  it  in  1894,  and  the  American  Poultry 
Journal  Publishing  Co.  was  incorporated  in  1902.  In 
1907  George  G.  Bates  was  editor;  in  November,  1909, 
James  W.  Bell  was  chosen  president  of  the  Journal  Com- 
pany and  assumed  the  editorial  chair.  Prince  T.  Woods, 
M.  D.,  managing  editor;  Helen  T.  Woods,  editor  Woman's 
Department.  New  York  office,  170  Broadway,  C.  W. 
Zimmer,  manager.  The  American  Poultry  Journal  is  the 


146  ffluirrllanrmts 


oldest  poultry  paper  in  America,  it  having  a  national  and 
international  reputation.  The  best  writers  contribute  to 
its  pages,  and  its  advertising  patronage  is  from  breeders 
of  standard  poultry  and  dealers  in  appliances  of  approved 
make  and  guaranteed  reliability.  Terms  of  subscription, 
50  cents  per  year.  At  different  times  daily,  weekly  and 
semi-monthly  editions  have  been  published. 

AMERICAN  ROOFER,  1911-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the 
interest  of  the  roofing,  fireproofing  and  waterproofing 
trades.  Eugene  M.  Pope,  publisher.  Subscription  price, 
$1.00  per  year.  Publication  office,  Room  20,  Times  Build- 
ing. 

AMERICAN  SPIRIT  AND  WINE  TRADE  REVIEW,  1862-1881: 
A  commercial  semi-monthly  publication.  J.  T.  Pratt  was 
editor,  1878-1879. 

AMERICAN  STOCKMAN,  1879  to  date  (1881):  A  stock 
journal,  edited  by  E.  W.  Perry,  published  by  American 
Stockman  Co.;  daily,  semi-  weekly  and  weekly  in  1880; 
weekly  in  1881. 

AMERICAN  STONE  TRADE,  1907-1912:  Exponent  of  the 
stone  interests  of  the  United  States.  Issued  monthly  by 
the  Harvey  Publishing  Co.,  E.  H.  Defebaugh,  president. 
Henry  C.  Whitaker,  managing  editor.  Subscription  price, 
$1.00  per  year. 

AMERICAN  SWINEHERD,  1885-1912:  Devoted  to  swine 
raising  and  special  advocate  of  superior  breeds  of  swine. 
Founded  by  Jas.  Baynes,  in  1885.  Issued  monthly  by  the 
American  Swineherd  Publishing  Co.,  from  No.  443  South 
Dearborn  street.  Subscription  price,  50  cents  per  year. 

AMERICAN  TOURIST  HOTEL  AND  TRAVEL  NEWS.  The 
publication  embraces  72  pages,  and  covers  all  subjects  per- 
taining to  touring,  hotel  accommodations,  etc.,  etc.  C.  E. 
Hunt  continues  as  editor,  and  is  president  and  manager  of 
the  company  controlling  the  periodical. 

AMERICAN  TRADE  JOURNAL,  1875-1881:  A  commercial 
monthly. 


$IttbUratum0  147 


AMERICAN  TRAVELER,  1889-1909:  This  publication  was 
founded  in  the  interest  of  travelers  and  touring  parties  de- 
sirous of  exploring  their  own  country  before  investigating 
other  lands.  C.  E.  Hunt,  editor  and  manager. 

AMERICAN  WORKING  PEOPLE,  1873:  R.  C.  Machesney, 
editor. 

AMERIKAN,  1875-1912:  Bohemian.  August  Geringer, 
publisher.  Listed  in  the  1877-1881  directories  as  weekly 
edition  of  Svornost  (which  see).  Since  1907  it  has  been 
a  bi-weekly. 

AMUSEMENT  WORLD,  December,  1878:  A  weekly  review 
of  drama,  music  and  fine  arts.  Edited  by  Frank  I.  Jervis, 
published  by  W.  E.  Smith. 

ANZEIGER,  1867:  German.  George  F.  Gross,  pub- 
lisher. 

APPEAL,  1876-1880:  A  bi-weekly,  published  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  church.  Bishop  Samuel 
Fallows,  editor;  E.  P.  Brooks  &  Co.,  publishers,  in  1880. 

ARBEITER  ZEITUNG,  1876-1911:  Workmen's  socialist 
organ  begun  as  a  tri-weekly.  Conrad  Conzett  was  editor 
until  1878,  when  he  sold  to  the  Socialist-Labor  party  act- 
ing under  the  name  of  Socialist  Publishing  Company.  The 
paper  was  made  a  daily  at  the  end  of  1878.  August  Spies 
became  editor  in  1880,  and  Michel  Schwab,  member  of  the 
staff,  were  implicated  in  the  Haymarket  riots  in  1886; 
Spies  was  hanged,  and  Schwab,  condemned  to  imprison- 
ment for  life,  pardoned  by  Gov.  Altgeld  in  1893.  The 
publishing  company  was  incorporated  in  1892  as  the  Ar- 
beiter-Zeitung  Publishing  Co. 

ARBEITERFREUND,  1874:  German.  Rudolph  Ruhbaum, 
proprietor. 

ARGUS,  1877-1911:  An  insurance  monthly.  C.  E.  Rol- 
lins was  editor  and  publisher  until  December,  1877,  then 
editor  and  manager  to  October,  1908.  Since  December, 


148 


1877,  Rollins  Publishing  Co.  have  been  publishers.  Since 
1886  the  editors  have  been:  J.  H.  Kellogg,  1887;  Charles 
A.  Hewitt,  1888-1891;  F.  C.  Oviatt,  1892-1895;  A.  H. 
Ruling,  1896-1899;  C.  F.  Howell,  1900;  P.  J.  V.  McKian, 
1901-1904;  T.  W.  Dealy,  1905-1908;  P.  J.  V.  McKian, 
the  present  editor. 

ART  JOURNAL,  October,  1867-1871:  Monthly.  Estab- 
lished by  Martin  O'Brien.  At  the  close  of  the  first  year 
J.  F.  Aitken  &  Co.  became  the  publishers,  Charles  A. 
Evans,  the  editor. 

ARTS,  1870-1874:  Monthly.  Published  and  edited  by 
Joseph  M.  Hirsh  &  Co. 

ASHLAR,  September,  1855-1861:  A  Masonic  monthly 
published  simultaneously  in  Chicago  and  Detroit.  Estab- 
lished by  Allyn  Weston  and  conducted  by  him  through 
three  volumes.  In  January,  1861,  Ashlar,  "devoted  to 
Masonry,  general  literature  and  progress,"  was  edited  by 
J.  Adams  Allen. 

AUGUSTANA  OCH  MissioNAREN,  1873-1912:  In  1876 
this  weekly  was  divided  into  two  fortnightlies,  Augustana 
and  Missionaren.  The  name  became  Augustana  in  1885. 
Dr.  Hasselquist  was  the  first  editor;  he  was  succeeded  in 
1858  by  Eric  Norelius,  and  he  by  Erland  Carlsson,  who 
was  editor  until  1864;  A.  R.  Cervin,  1864-1868;  J.  G. 
Princell,  January-July,  1869;  Hasselquist  and  others, 
1869-1890;  S.  P.  A.  Lindahl,  1890-1908;  Dr.  L.  G. 
Abrahamson,  1908. 

BAKERS'  HELPER,  1887-1912:  Established  originally  as 
a  house  organ,  but  passed  to  its  present  ownership,  the 
Bakers'  Helper  Co.,  in  1893.  Issued  monthly,  each  num- 
ber embracing  from  100  to  120  pages.  Devoted  to  all 
branches  of  the  baking  industry.  The  Bakers'  Helper  has 
been  awarded  the  "Gold  Marks"  for  quality  by  the  Ameri- 
can Newspaper  Directory.  H.  R.  Clissold  is  president  of 
the  company,  and  E.  T.  Clissold  is  secretary.  Office  of 
publication,  No.  431  So.  Dearborn  street.  Subscription 
price,  $1.00  per  year. 


$JuhliratumB  149 


BALANCE,  1872-1877:  A  monthly  devoted  to  woman 
suffrage.  Maria  Hawley  and  Mary  Tomlin  were  editors 
and  publishers,  1872-1875.  In  1876  the  editors  were 
Maria  Hawley,  Odelia  Blinn,  and  Laura  M.  Hubbard. 

BANK-NOTE  LIST,  1855-1864:  A  semi-monthly  edited 
and  published  by  Granger  Adams,  a  banker.  Devoted  to 
financial  matters,  with  reference  to  the  means  of  detecting 
counterfeits,  and  containing  a  report  of  the  banks  that 
were  embarrassed  or  had  ceased  to  be  solvent. 

BANK  NOTE  REPORTER  AND  COUNTERFEIT  DETECTOR, 
1859-1860:  Listed  in  city  Directories  for  1859  and  1860 
as  issued  monthly  and  semi-monthly  by  E.  K.  Willard  and 
Mr.  Young. 

BANNER,  1869  to  date,  1909:  A  weekly  paper,  pub- 
lished by  Frank  E.  Stanley. 

BAPTIST  MONTHLY,  January,  1860-1861:  W.  Stuart 
Goodno,  publisher. 

BAPTIST    UNION,    1871-1875:      A    Baptist    paper.      In 

1871,  Rev.  G.  H.  Ball,  D.  D.,  and  Rev.  J.  B.  Drew,  D.  D% 
were  editors;  the  Baptist  Printing  Union,  publishers.     In 

1872,  Rev.  Dr.  Drew  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  W.  Whit- 
ney.     The    same    editors    and    publishers    continued    until 
1874,  when  E.  W.  Page  became  publisher.     In  1875   Dr. 
Ball  was  editor. 

BARREL  AND  Box,  1896-1912:  Established  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  and  moved  to  Chicago  in  1907-  Issued  monthly.  E. 
H.  Defebaugh,  editor  and  proprietor.  Devoted  to  the  box, 
cooperage,  pail,  stave,  heading  and  hoop  industries.  Sub- 
scription price,  $1.50  per  year. 

BEE  KEEPERS'  MAGAZINE,  1873-1874:  A  monthly,  de- 
voted to  bee  keeping.  H.  A.  King  and  Company  were 
editors  and  publishers  in  1873  and  1874. 

BELL,  1872-1875:  A  Baptist  monthly.  In  1875  it  was 
edited  by  the  Young  People's  Association  of  the  Western 
Avenue  Baptist  Church;  published  by  Guilbert  &  Clissold. 


150  ifluirrlUumntii   $!ubHratum0 

BELL  TELEPHONE  NEWS,  1911-1912:  Issued  monthly  in 
the  interest  of  the  employes  of  the  Chicago  Telephone  Co., 
the  Wisconsin  Telephone  Co.,  Central  Union  Telephone 
Co.,  the  Cleveland  Telephone  Co.,  and  the  Michigan  State 
Telephone  Co.  Amory  T.  Irwin,  editor.  General  offices, 
No.  230  West  Washington  street.  The  News  occupies  the 
field  formerly  covered  by  five  publications  devoted  to  the 
subjects  treated  by  those  publications. 

BELLETRISTISCHE  ZEITUNG,  1866-1876:  Sunday  edition 
of  the  Chicago  Union,  edited  and  published  in  1876  by 
Hermann  Lieb. 

BEN  FRANKLIN  MONTHLY,  1903-1912:  Issued  by  the 
Ben  Franklin  Club  of  Chicago.  Wm.  J.  Hartman,  man- 
aging editor.  Publication  office,  1110  Harris  Trust  Build- 
ing. Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  The  Ben  Frank- 
lin Monthly  is  published  in  the  interest  of  all  branches  of 
the  printing  industry.  John  D.  Lahan,  79-81  Reade  street, 
New  York,  is  the  Eastern  representative  of  the  publication. 
The  Ben  Franklin  Monthly  has  been  prominent  in  encour- 
aging efforts  to  determine  the  cost  of  producing  printing, 
and  to  advance  all  branches  of  printing. 

BENCH  AND  BYR,  1870-1874:  A  monthly  legal  publica- 
tion, edited  by  James  A.  L.  Whittier;  published  by  Cal- 
laghan  &  Co. 

BEOBACHTER,  1877-1912:  A  German  paper,  founded 
at  Wheaton  by  Paul  Geleff.  Henry  Wilhelmy  owned  and 
conducted  the  paper  from  1885  to  1892.  After  that,  A. 
Paessler  was  the  proprietor.  For  years  the  official  paper 
of  a  number  of  suburban  towns  and  of  Du  Page  County. 
It  absorbed  the  McHenry  Familienfreund,  1895;  the  Joliet 
Volksblatt,  1896;  the  Chicago  Concordia,  1899,  and  the 
Harlem  Post,  1906.  It  is  known  as  Beobachter  and  Post, 
published  by  the  Beobachter  and  Post  Publishing  Co. 

BETTER  COVENANT,  1843-1847:  A  religious  paper,  es- 
tablished at  Rockford ;  taken  to  St.  Charles  and  thence  to 
Chicago.  Edited  by  Rev.  Seth  Barnes,  1843-1844;  Rev. 
Wm.  Rounseville  and  C.  B.  Ingham,  1844-1845;  Mr.  Ing- 


151 


ham,  1845-1847.     In  1847  it  was  sold  to  John  A.  Gurley 
of  the  Star  of  the  West,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

BLADET,  February,  1877-1912:  Established  by  John 
Martenson  as  a  fortnightly  Swedish  Lutheran  paper.  In 
1879  it  was  combined  with  Zions  Baner,  owned  by  K. 
Erixon,  who  became  joint  owner  with  Martenson.  Victor 
Rylander  later  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  John  Mar- 
tenson has  been  editor  from  the  beginning. 

BLUE  BOOK  MAGAZINE  :  Devoted  to  dramatic  happen- 
ings, current  literature,  stories  of  the  stage,  etc.  Issued 
monthly  by  the  Story-Press  Corporation,  North  American 
Building.  Louis  Eckstein,  president;  Chas.  M.  Richter, 
business  manager.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year.  Two 
other  periodicals  are  published  by  this  corporation,  viz.,  the 
Green  Book  Magazine  and  Red  Book  Magazine. 

BOOKSELLER  AND  STATIONER,  1879  to  date  (1881):  A 
trade  monthly.  J.  Fred  Waggoner  was  editor  and  pub- 
lisher in  1879  and  1880. 

BONDS  AND  MORTGAGES,  1896-1912:  Issued  monthly. 
Devoted  exclusively  to  investments  in  real  estate  mortgages. 
Publication  office,  1142  Monadnock  Block.  F.  H.  Ertel, 
publisher,  who  has  been  serving  as  such  since  the  publica- 
tion was  founded.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

BOTANICAL  BULLETIN,  1875-1876:  A  monthly,  em- 
bracing all  departments  of  botanical  science.  Established 
by  Dr.  John  M.  Coulter,  editor  and  publisher.  In  No- 
vember, 1876,  it  was  changed  to  Botanical  Gazette.  From 
January,  1878,  to  January,  1882,  M.  S.  Coulter  was  asso- 
ciated with  his  brother  as  editor.  The  editors  were  also 
publishers  until  July,  1896,  when  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago became  the  publisher.  It  has  continued  so  to  date. 

BRICK  AND  CLAY  RECORD:  Published  semi-monthly  by 
Kenfield-Leach  Co.,  445  Plymouth  court,  Chicago.  Devoted 
to  the  various  branches  of  the  brick  industry.  Subscription 
rates,  $1.00  per  year.  All  subjects  pertaining  to  clay- 
working  are  treated  in  this  periodical.  Volume  41,  No.  11, 
is  of  the  issue  of  Dec.  1,  1912. 


152  ifltHrrlUutrmui   fluhitratuwH 

BRIDAL  BELLS,  1872-1877:  Semi-monthly.  Edited  and 
published  in  1877  by  Eugene  T.  Gilbert. 

BRIDAL  VEIL,  1873-1877:  Edited  and  published  in  1874 
by  H.  M.  Habel,  as  a  semi-monthly.  Bi-weekly  in  1875, 
published  by  the  Bridal  Veil  Co. 

BRIGHT  SIDE,  1869-1872:  John  B.  Alden  was  editor; 
Alden  and  True,  publishers.  In  1871  it  was  published  by 
the  Bright  Side  Co.  in  weekly,  semi-monthly,  and  monthly 
editions.  The  following  year,  with  a  change  of  editor, 
the  name  was  changed  to  Bright  Side  and  Family  Circle. 
C.  G.  G.  Paine  was  editor  in  1872  and  1873.  The  Bright 
Side  Company  continued  as  publishers. 

BUDGET,  1878-1881:  Brainerd  and  Daniels  were  ed- 
itors; A.  Porter  was  publisher.  Issued  weekly. 

BULLETIN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PHARMACEUTICAL  ASSOCIA- 
TION, 1905-1912:  Issued  monthly  by  the  American  Phar- 
maceutical Association.  J.  H.  Beal,  editor.  Office  of  pub- 
lication, No.  74  East  Twelfth  street,  Chicago.  Subscription 
price,  $1.00  per  year. 

BUNDER-POSAUNE,  1877~1 879:  A  German  evangelical 
monthly,  published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Publishing 
Committee  of  the  German  National  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  with 
Rev.  J.  D.  Severinghaus  as  editor,  Severinghaus  &  Co., 
publishers. 

CALL,  1878-1881:  A  Sunday  paper,  devoted  to  matters 
of  family  interest.  T.  J.  Morrow  was  editor  and  pub- 
lisher in  1880. 

CANNER  AND  DRIED  FRUIT  PACKER,  1894-1912:  Issued 
weekly  by  the  Canner  Publishing  Co.,  No.  222  North 
Wabash  avenue.  Jas.  J.  Mulligan,  editor;  George  Shaw, 
business  manager.  Subscription  rates,  $3.00  per  year. 

CARL  PRETZEL'S  NATIONAL  WEEKLY,  1874-1893:  A 
comic  paper,  written  in  German-English  lingo.  C.  H. 
Harris,  editor  and  publisher. 

CATHOLIC  PILOT,  1874-1881:  A  Catholic  weekly. 
Edited  and  published  by  M.  J.  Cahill. 


ittuirdUumuu.   ^uhltrutimui  153 


CATHOLIC  VINDICATOR,  1873-1877:  Edited  by  Dr.  D. 
W.  Nolan;  published  by  the  Catholic  News  Co. 

CEMENT  WORLD,  1907-1912:  Published  in  the  interest 
of  the  cement  industry.  Issued  monthly  from  No.  241 
South  Fifth  avenue.  W.  A.  Radford,  editor;  E.  L.  Hat- 
field,  general  manager.  The  Cement  World  is  owned  by  a 
corporation. 

CHAMPION  OF  FAIR  PLAY,  1878-1912:  An  English  and 
German  weekly  devoted  to  liquor  interests.  Edited  and 
published  by  R.  J.  Halle. 

CHICAGO  ALLIANCE,  1873-1882:  A  non-sectarian  weekly 
founded  by  a  group  of  clergymen  including  Prof.  David 
Swing,  Rev.  Robert  Collyer,  Dr.  Hiram  A.  Thomas  and 
others.  One  by  one  the  editors  withdrew,  leaving  Prof. 
Swing  as  editor-in-chief  and  chief  contributor.  His  weekly 
sermon-essay  was  the  leading  feature  throughout  the 
existence  of  the  paper. 

CHICAGO  CHRONICLE,  1895-1908:  Upon  the  merging  of 
the  Times  with  the  Herald  there  was  left  no  advocate  of 
the  policies  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  city,  and  this 
fact  influenced  Horatio  W.  Seymour  and  Martin  J.  Russell, 
two  newspaper  men  of  experience,  to  start  the  Chronicle, 
the  first  issue  appearing  on  May  28,  1895.  From  the  first 
the  undertaking  was  a  success,  the  paper  quickly  forging 
to  the  front.  The  financial  controversy  of  1896  over  the 
silver  issue  interfered  with  the  progress  of  the  paper  and 
the  difficulties  which  its  principal  owner,  Mr.  J.  R.  Walsh, 
encountered  seriously  hampered  the  prospects  of  the  paper 
and  it  was  forced  to  suspend. 

CHICAGO  COMMERCE,  1904-1912:  Issued  weekly  by  the 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce,  under  direction  of  the 
General  Publicity  Committee  of  the  organization.  Wm. 
Hudson  Harper,  editor.  The  publication  is  devoted  pri- 
marily to  extending  Chicago's  domestic  and  foreign  trade. 
Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

CHICAGO  COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER,  1873-1880:     A  com- 


154 jfliarpllattfoug   ffiublirationg 

mercial  weekly  paper.  It  was  edited  and  published  in 
1874  by  Burch  and  Ford;  in  1875  by  Robert  B.  Ford  & 
Co.;  in  1876  by  the  Metropolitan  Printing  Co.,  and  in 
1877  and  1878  by  C.  S.  Burch;  in  1878  by  Commercial 
Advertiser  Co.,  and  in  1879  again  by  Burch.  Beginning 
July  14,  1881,  J.  S.  Salisbury  was  editor  until  July  1, 
1886.  F.  W.  Palmer  became  editor  and  continued  to 
March  25,  1897.  From  March,  1880,  to  September  1, 
1882,  the  paper  was  called  Industrial  World  and  Com- 
mercial Advertiser.  Its  name  then  became  Industrial 
World  and  Iron  Worker.  In  March,  1898,  it  was  merged 
with  Iron  Trade  Review  as  Industrial  World  and  Iron 
Worker. 

CHICAGO  DAILY  DISPATCH:  Founded  in  1892  by  Jos.  R. 
Dunlop.  The  Dispatch  occupied  the  afternoon  field,  and 
early  secured  an  influential  following  because  of  its  vigor- 
ous treatment  of  questions  that  deeply  concerned  the  public. 
Mr.  Dunlop,  its  editor  and  publisher,  gained  valuable  news- 
paper experience  under  Wilbur  F.  Storey  of  the  Chicago 
Times,  introducing  some  of  these  features  into  the  Dis- 
patch, which  was  independent  in  tone  and  vigorous  in 
handling  questions  that  concerned  the  common  people.  The 
policy  of  the  Dispatch  was  in  close  sympathy  with  the  cause 
of  labor  and  it  was  the  first  paper  to  have  a  labor  bureau. 
Building  up  a  successful  journalistic  enterprise  is  a  diffi- 
cult undertaking,  and  the  founder  of  the  Dispatch,  after 
ten  years  of  close  application,  found  his  strength  giving 
way,  and  in  1897  turned  the  paper  over  to  other  hands,  it 
suspending  publication  shortly  after. 

CHICAGO  DAIRY  PRODUCE,  1891-1912:  Published  by  the 
Chicago  Produce  Co.,  No.  136  West  Lake  street.  S.  B. 
Shilling,  president  and  manager;  George  Caven,  secretary 
and  editor.  Published  in  the  interest  of  creameries  and  the 
butter  trade. 

CHICAGO  DAILY  SOCIALIST,  1906-1912:  Issued  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Workers'  Publishing  Society.  The  Daily 
Socialist  was  the  recognized  exponent  of  the  Marxian  school 


155 


of  Socialism,  it  advocating  co-operation  between  producers 
and  consumers  to  the  end  that  competition  be  avoided  and 
profit  eliminated,  all  activity  being  put  forward  for  the 
advantage  of  the  commonwealth.  A.  M.  Simons  was  the 
first  editor,  with  Mrs.  May  Wood  Simons  as  assistant. 
Many  changes  have  taken  place  since  the  Daily  Socialist 
was  first  established,  the  publication  seeming  to  have  had 
the  difficulties  incident  to  undertakings  in  the  newspaper 
field.  (Name  changed  to  Daily  -World.) 

CHICAGO  DAILY  TIMES,  1854-1860:  The  founders  of 
the  Times  were  Isaac  Cook,  J.  W.  Sheahan  and  Daniel 
Cameron.  It  was  a  Democratic  daily,  edited  by  Sheahan 
in  1854-1856;  Sheahan  and  Cameron,  1856-1858;  Shea- 
han and  William  Price,  1858-1860.  In  1860  Cyrus  H. 
McCormick,  owner  of  the  Herald,  purchased  the  Times 
and  consolidated  the  two  papers. 

CHICAGO  DEMOCRAT,  1833-1861:  Established  by  John 
Calhoun.  The  Democrat  was  the  pioneer  newspaper  of 
Chicago.  Its  owner  was  a  practical  and  well  qualified 
printer,  who  acquired  a  knowledge  of  printing  in  New  York 
state,  bringing  his  material  with  him  to  fit  up  his  establish- 
ment. The  paper  esnoused  the  policy  of  President  Jackson. 
Many  difficulties  were  encountered  in  the  effort  to  keep 
the  undertaking  going,  occasional  suspensions  occurring 
be-cause  of  lack  of  resources,  the  enterprise  continuing 
under  Calhoun's  control  until  1810,  when  John  Wentworth 
bought  the  publication,  establishing  the  first  daily  news- 
paper in  Chicago. 

CHICAGO  EAGLE,  1889-1912:  Issued  weekly  from  the 
Teutonic  Building,  Washington  street  and  Fifth  avenue. 
Henry  F.  Donovan,  editor  and  publisher.  The  Eagle  is 
devoted  to  the  advancement  of  municipal  matters,  social 
improvement  and  political  affairs.  Subscription  price, 
$2.00  per  year.  The  Eagle  is  independent  in  political 
alignment. 

CHICAGO  FIELD,  1876-1881:  A  sportsman's  weekly.  Its 
publishers  have  been:  C.  W.  Marsh  &  Co.,  1874-1879; 


156  ittuirrlluurmtii   Ihtlt  It  rut  tints 

Chicago  Field  Publishing  Co.,  March  1,  1879- July  1,  1881 ; 
American  Field  Publishing  Co.,  July  2,  1881,  to  date. 
Edited  by  Marsh  &  Co.  to  March  1,  1876.  March  4,  1876, 
Dr.  N.  Rowe  assumed  editorial  charge,  and  on  March  3, 
1877,  became  editor  and  continued  as  such  until  his  death, 
March  10,  1896.  From  1876  G.  W.  Strell  was  associated 
with  Dr.  N.  Rowe,  was  managing  editor  1886-1896,  and 
general  manager  and  editor,  1896  to  date.  Title  was 
changed  to  American  Field  on  July  2,  1881. 

CHICAGO  LEGAL  NEWS,  1867-1912:  Founded  by  Mrs. 
Myra  Bradwell,  who  was  editor  for  twenty-five  years.  Mrs. 
Bradwell  was  succeeded  by  her  husband,  who  was  editor 
for  three  years,  or  until  1907.  Mrs.  Bessie  Bradwell  Hel- 
mer  is  the  successor  of  her  father  as  editor  since  his  demise. 
Published  weekly  by  the  Legal  News  Company,  No.  32 
North  Clark  street.  Subscription  price,  $2.20  per  year. 
The  Legal  News  is  the  oldest  publication  in  its  line  in 
Chicago. 

CHICAGO  LIBRARIAN,  1872-1873:  Monthly,  devoted  to 
the  library  interests  of  the  city.  Attention  was  paid  the 
public  library  then  being  reorganized  and  replenished ; 
monthly  list  of  books  received  by  the  library  was  printed. 

CHICAGO  MAGAZINE,  THE  WEST  AS  IT  Is,  1857:  Founded 
by  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  an  organization  for  night- 
study,  the  object  being  partly  to  secure  exchanges  gratis 
for  its  library.  Zebina  Eastman  was  the  editor;  John 
Gager  &  Co.,  publishers.  The  magazine  was  devoted  to 
literature,  biography,  historical  reminiscence,  etc. 

CHICAGO  MAGAZINE  OF  FASHION,  Music,  AND  HOME 
READING,  1870-1876:  Monthly.  This  magazine  was 
founded  by  a  group  of  fashionable  women.  Mrs.  M.  L. 
Rayne  was  editor  and  proprietor  for  the  first  four  years. 

CHICAGO  MEDICAL  EXAMINER,  1860-1875:  N.  S.  Davis, 
M.  D.,  and  Frank  W.  Reilly,  M.  D.,  were  editors,  and  W. 
Cravens  &  Co.,  publishers,  1861-1862;  N.  S.  Davis  was 
editor  from  1863  to  1870.  From  1873  to  1875  N.  S.  and 
I.  H.  Davis  were  editors  and  publishers.  In  1875  the 


ftebUrattong  157 


Medical  Examiner  was  united  with  the  Chicago  Medical 
Journal  as  the  Chicago  Medical  Journal  and  Examiner. 

CHICAGO  MEDICAL  JOURNAL,  1858-1875:  Daniel  Brain- 
ard  was  publisher  in  1859  and  1860;  J.  Adams  Allen, 
M.  D.,  editor;  C.  N.  Goodell,  publisher.  The  periodical 
was  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Rush  Medical  College. 
J.  Adams  Allen  and  Walter  Hay,  M.  D.,  were  editors, 
1870-1875;  W.  B.  Keen,  Cooke  &  Co.,  publishers. 

CHICAGO  MEDICAL  JOURNAL  AND  EXAMINER,  1875-1884: 
W.  H.  Byford,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  editor;  the  Chicago  Medical 
Press  Association,  publishers;  in  1882  N.  S.  Davis,  M.  D., 
James  Nevins  Hyde,  M.  D.,  and  Daniel  R.  Brower  were 
editors.  Monthly. 

CHICAGO  MEDICAL  RECORDER,  1890-1912:  Issued  monthly 
under  the  auspices  of  an  advisory  board  of  prominent 
physicians  and  surgeons.  Editors  in  charge,  Dr.  A.  R. 
Reynolds,  Dr.  H.  T.  Byford,  Dr.  E.  J.  Doering.  Office  of 
publication,  Pullman  Building.  Subscription  price,  $1.00 
per  year.  The  Medical  Recorder  each  month  circulates 
among  10,000  members  of  the  medical  profession.  E.  J. 
Doering,  M.  D.,  manager. 

CHICAGO  MINING  REVIEW,  1878-1912:  Mining  and  in- 
dustrial journal  published  monthly.  Mining  Review 
Publishing  Co.,  publishers  in  1880.  From  1880  to  after 
1886  the  name  was  given  as  Mining  Review.  The  paper 
in  1907  added  Metallurgist. 

CHICAGO  NATIONAL,  1871-1874:  Devoted  to  insurance 
interests.  The  National  Life  Insurance  Co.,  publishers. 
In  1873  John  H.  Holmes  was  editor.  W.  C.  Cockson  was 
editor  in  1874. 

CHICAGO  PACKER:  Office  of  publication,  No.  242  North 
Clark  street.  W.  T.  Seibels,  manager.  Devoted  to  the 
interests  of  commercial  growers,  packers  and  shippers  of 
fruits,  vegetables,  butter  and  produce.  Issued  weekly  by 
the  Barrick  Publishing  Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Kansas 
City,  where  the  publication  was  established  in  1894. 


158  $HiBttl[nntavt&  $tublirattnttjs 

CHICAGO  POST,  1876-1878:  Woodbury  M.  Taylor  was 
president  of  the  owning  company,  and  was  manager  until 
December,  1877;  McMullen  Bros,  were  publishers  for 
some  months  in  1877.  The  paper  was  conducted  by 
Frances  E.  Willard  for  a  brief  period,  and  iri  August, 
1878,  it  was  sold  to  the  Daily  News,  the  desire  to  gain  an 
Associated  Press  franchise  being  the  principal  reason  for 
the  purchase. 

CHICAGO  PRODUCE  NEWS,  1901-1912:  Issued  weekly  by 
the  Produce  and  Distributing  Publishing  Co.,  No.  208 
North  Fifth  avenue.  H.  L.  Preston,  editor.  Five  editions 
of  the  Produce  News  are  printed,  viz.,  one  in  New  York 
cityj  one  in  Chicago,  one  in  Cincinnati,  one  in  Dallas,  Tex., 
and  one  in  Jacksonville,  Fla.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per 
year. 

CHICAGO  RAILWAY  REVIEW,  1868-1897:  Established  as 
a  weekly  by  Stanley  G.  Fowler  and  D.  C.  Brooks.  Wil- 
lard A.  Smith  in  1873  bought  out  the  interest  of  the 
founders,  and  continued  as  editor  and  manager  until 
further  consolidations  took  place,  and  in  1897  the  name 
was  changed. 

CHICAGO  RECORD,  1857-1862:  Monthly.  Edited  by 
James  Grant  Wilson.  Devoted  to  literature  and  fine  arts. 
In  March,  1862,  Wilson  disposed  of  the  publication  and 
entered  the  Union  army,  where  he  became  prominent.  The 
Record  was  the  pioneer  paper  of  its  kind  in  the  North- 
west. Changes  in  name  and  proprietorship  took  place,  and 
the  Record  continued  until  1880. 

CHICAGO  TEACHER,  1872-1875:  Issued  monthly.  Baker 
and  Mahony  were  editors  in  1873;  Jeremiah  Mahony, 
1871;  John  W.  Brown,  1875. 

CHICAGO  TIMES,  1861-1895:  W.  F.  Storey  took  over  the 
Times  from  C.  H.  McCormick,  and  it  soon  became  one  of 
the  leading  papers  of  the  country.  The  policy  of  the  paper 
antagonized  the  prosecution  of  the  civil  war,  and  an  order 
for  its  suppression  was  issued  by  Gen.  Burnside,  com- 
manding the  Department  of  the  Northwest.  This  was 


159 


put  into  execution  on  June  3,  1863,  the  suspension  lasting 
two  days,  President  Lincoln  revoking  the  order.  After  the 
war  the  paper  gradually  assumed  a  more  independent 
attitude,  and  while  leaning  in  the  direction  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  it  was  because  of  its  news  features  and  fear- 
less discussion  of  questions  that  the  Times  made  itself  felt. 
Mr.  Storey's  personality  dominated  the  paper  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  his  death  occurring  in  1884.  For  a  time 
the  paper  was  conducted  by  a  receiver,  and  in  1887  a  new 
organization  took  the  property.  In  1891  Carter  H.  Har- 
rison bought  the  Times,  and  in  March,  1895,  it  was  merged 
with  the  Herald.  Four  years  later  a  consolidation  of  these 
papers  was  effected  with  the  Record,  under  the  name  of 
the  Record-Herald. 

CHICAGO  WESTERN  HOME,  1868-1875:  Issued  monthly. 
A.  Parkhurst  &  Co.,  publishers,  1869;  Stoddard  and  Park- 
hurst,  1870;  Western  Home  Company,  editors  and  pub- 
lishers, 1875. 

CHICAGOAN,  1868-1869:  H.  N.  F.  Lewis,  publisher. 
After  about  one  year  the  Chicagoan  absorbed  Sorosis  and 
Advance  Guard. 

CHICAGOER  HANDELS-ZEITUNG,  1875-1879:  German 
commercial  weekly.  C.  Wenborne  and  J.  Lingenberg  were 
editors  in  1877;  Sittig  and  Wenborne,  publishers.  In  1879 
Hermann  Lieb  was  editor;  the  Chicago  Democrat  Printing 
Co.,  publishers. 

CHICAGOEB  NEUE  FREIE  PRESSE,  1874-1912:  German- 
American  Publishing  Co.,  until  April,  1901,  when  Freie 
Presse  was  sold  to  the  Illinois  Publishing  Co.,  Richard 
Michaelis  became  general  manager.  In  August,  1905,  he 
sold  his  holding  to  his  son,  Walter  R.  Michaelis,  who  was 
elected  general  manager,  and  Horace  L.  Brand,  who  was 
made  secretary  and  treasurer.  After  1874  the  paper  was 
published  daily,  weekly,  and  Sundays.  In  1906  the  Freie 
Presse  took  over  the  Illinois  Staats-Zeitung. 

CHICAGSKY  VESTNIK,  1873-1881:  Bohemian  weekly. 
Josef  Langmayer  was  editor  and  publisher  in  1874  and 


160  fHiiirrlhmrintH   llulilirattuna 

1877.  Josef  Langmayer  was  publisher  and  J.  V.  Matejka 
was  editor  in  1880.  A  later  paper,  monthly,  of  this  name, 
was  established  in  1902. 

CHILDREN'S  FRIEND:  Established  in  1901.  W.  E.  Bar- 
dell,  publisher,  1903.  From  1903-1905,  W.  B.  Olmstead, 
publisher;  1905-1907,  S.  K.  J.  Chesbro,  publisher;  1907- 
1912,  W.  B.  Rose,  publisher.  Illustrated  monthly,  25  cents 
per  year. 

CHRISTIAN  BANKER,  January  8,  1853:  Eight  numbers 
were  issued.  Published  by  Seth  Paine  and  John  W. 
Holmes  as  an  advertisement  for  their  bank. 

CHRISTIAN  CYNOSURE,  1868-1912:  Opposed  to  secret 
societies.  Rev.  J.  Blanchard,  editor.  In  1907,  William 
I.  Phillips  was  editor;  the  National  Christian  Association, 
publishers. 

CHRISTIAN  FREEMAN,  1867-1871:  A  Free-will  Baptist 
paper.  The  Christian  Freeman  Association  were  editors 
and  publishers  in  1871. 

CHRISTIAN  INSTRUCTOR  AND  WESTERN  UNITED  PRESBY- 
TERIAN, 1859-1880:  The  first  mention  of  this  publication 
is  in  the  directory  for  1879,  although  1859  is  given  as  the 
time  when  it  was  established.  In  1879  it  was  listed  as 
Christian  Instructor,  with  Morrison,  McCoy,  and  McDill 
as  publishers. 

CHRISTIAN  REGISTER,  1875-1812:  A  Unitarian  weekly, 
established  in  Boston  in  1821.  In  1875  it  was  dated  for 
Chicago.  Rev.  T.  J.  Mumford,  editor;  Geo.  H.  Ellis, 
business  manager;  Christian  Register  Association,  pub- 
lishers. In  1907  George  Batchelor  was  editor;  the  same 
association  were  publishers. 

CHRISTIAN  TIMES,  1853-1875:  Rev.  Leroy  Church  and 
Rev.  J.  A.  Smith,  editors.  In  1854  Mr.  Smith  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Mr.  J.  F.  Childs  and  the  proprietary  firm  became 
Church  and  Childs.  In  1855  Mr.  Church  became  sole  pro- 
prietor. The  Christian  Times,  by  the  absorption  of  the 


iflitirrUuttrmui   $htlt  Unit  turn*  161 

Witness  of  Indiana,  became  Christian  Times  and  Witness 
in  1865. 

CHRISTIAN  VOICE,  1873-1879:  Fleming  H.  Revell,  pub- 
lisher. W.  S.  Cossar  was  proprietor  in  1879. 

CHRONICLE,  1866-1872:  An  insurance  and  real  estate 
weekly.  J.  J.  O'Donoghue,  editor  and  publisher.  In  1872 
the  Chronicle  was  moved  to  New  York. 

COLLECTORS' JOURNAL,  1909-1912:  Issued  monthly.  H. 
L.  Lindquist,  editor  and  publisher.  An  illustrated  periodi- 
cal devoted  to  philately.  Publication  office,  No.  700  East 
Fortieth  street.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year.  Es- 
tablished by  Lindquist  and  Lauritzen,  its  publishers.  Each 
issue  embraces  32  pages,  with  numerous  illustrations. 

COLLEGE  TIMES,  1869-1871:  A  college  monthly.  Edited 
and  published  by  the  students  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 

COLUMBIAN  AND  WESTERN  CATHOLIC  :  Established  in 
1867-  Columbian  Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  J.  J. 
Thompson,  editor.  Official  organ  of  the  Knights  of  Colum- 
bus for  the  State  of  Illinois.  Publication  office,  No.  107 
North  Dearborn  street.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year. 

COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER,  1836-1837:  A  rabid  "liberty" 
paper,  edited  by  Hooper  Warren.  In  1837  was  removed 
to  Lowell,  La  Salle  County,  and  used  by  Benjamin  Lundy 
and  Zebina  Eastman  in  publishing  the  Genius  of  Univer- 
sal Emancipation  and  Genius  of  Liberty. 

COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER,  1847-1858:  Edited  by  Al- 
fred Dutch,  who  urged  the  grant  of  lands  for  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad.  It  was  issued  irregularly.  Weekly  to 
1849,  when  it  became  daily  with  a  weekly  edition. 

COMMERCIAL  CHRONICLE,  1894-1912:  Devoted  to  finan- 
cial, commercial  and  industrial  interests.  Issued  by- 
monthly.  Subscription  price,  $3.00  per  year.  Publication 
office,  No.  189  West  Madison  street. 

COMMERCIAL  ENTERPRISE,  1871-1875:  Published  by  the 
Commercial  Enterprise  Co. 


162  UliHrrUarwmB  ipubltratuma 

COMMERCIAL  LETTER,  1856-1868:  Record  of  the  flour, 
grain,  live  stock,  and  provision  markets.  P.  L.  Wells  was 
editor  and  publisher  until  1862;  H.  R.  Hulburd,  1863;  H. 
A.  Newcomb  and  Co.,  proprietors.  T.  M.  Wignall,  editor 
and  publisher,  1866-1868.  In  1868  it  was  incorporated 
with  Chicago  Daily  Commercial  Report  and  Market 
Review. 

CONCORDIA,  1866-1869:  Quarterly,  devoted  to  litera- 
ture and  music.  H.  R.  Palmer  and  W.  S.  B.  Mathews, 
editors. 

CONFECTIONER  AND  BAKER,  1875-1912:  Established  in 
the  interests  of  confectionery  and  baking.  J.  Thompson 
Gill  was  editor  and  publisher,  1879-1880.  Later,  the 
Thompson  Publishing  Concern  bought  the  paper,  with 
T.  O.  Thompson  as  editor  and  manager.  For  several  years 
past  it  has  been  devoted  mainly  to  confectionery  in- 
terests. 

CONGREGATIONAL  HERALD,  1853-1861:  Rev.  John  C. 
Holbrook  and  Rev.  N.  H.  Eggleston,  editors. 

CONSERVATOR,  1878-1912:  A  colored  Republican  weekly. 
Conservator  Printing  and  Publishing  Co.,  publishers. 

CONSTRUCTION  NEWS,  1898-1912:  Issued  weekly  in  the 
interest  of  all  branches  of  building  construction.  Published 
by  the  Construction  News  Co.,-  Monadnock  Block.  Sub- 
scription price,  $5.00  per  year.  In  connection  with  this 
publication  a  daily  bulletin  of  advanced  information  con- 
cerning building  contracts  is  issued. 

COURANT,  1853-1854:  Edited  by  William  Duane  Wil- 
son. Sold  to  Messrs.  Cook,  Cameron,  and  Patterson. 

COURIER,  1867-1872:  A  monthly  publication,  devoted 
to  commerce,  finance,  and  education.  H.  B.  Bryant  was 
publisher. 

CRUSADER,  1874-1881:  A  temperance  monthly.  Mrs. 
M.  E.  De  Geer  and  Mrs.  C.  V.  Waite,  editors  and  pub- 
lishers. 


163 


DAHEIM,  1871-1907:  Sunday  edition  of  the  Freie 
Presse.  German-American  Publishing  Company,  pub- 
lishers. Daheim  was  published  as  Sunday  edition  of  the 
Freie  Presse  in  1899.  In  1907  was  merged  with  the 
Westen  as  the  Sunday  edition  of  the  Illinois  Staats-Zeit- 
ung,  under  the  title  of  Westen  and  Daheim. 

DAILY  AMERICAN,  1839-1840:  Edited  by  William 
Stuart,  1839-1841;  Alexander  Stuart,  proprietor,  and  W. 
W.  Brackett,  editor,  1841-1842;  Buckner  S.  Morris,  July 
to  October,  1842. 

DAILY  CHICAGO  TIMES,  1860-1861:  Under  the  care  of 
E.  W.  McComas,  a  journalist  from  Virginia,  the  paper  be- 
came an  exponent  of  the  Southern  Democracy.  C.  H. 
McCormick  was  proprietor  and  Daniel  Cameron  publisher 
until  June  8,  1861,  when  Wilbur  F.  Storey  became  pro- 
prietor. 

DAILY  COMMERCIAL  BULLETIN,  1869-1912:  A  commer- 
cial daily  paper  which  was  also  listed  as  a  weekly.  J.  W. 
Sickels  was  editor,  and  B.  D.  M.  Eaton  was  publisher, 
in  1870.  Next  year  B.  Frank  Howard  was  editor;  How- 
ard, White,  and  Crowell,  publishers.  James  A.  Doane 
was  editor  and  publisher  in  1880.  In  1886  the  Daily  Com- 
mercial Bulletin,  published  by  Howard,  Bartels  &  Co., 
became  the  Daily  Trade  Bulletin. 

DAILY  COMMERCIAL  REPORT  AND  MARKET  REVIEW,  1866- 
1876:  The  successive  editors  and  publishers  were:  D.  D. 
Michaels,  1866-1868;  Kennedy  and  Company,  1868-1870; 
Daley,  Slade,  and  Cowles,  1870;  Daley,  Cowles,  and 
Dunkley,  1871;  Cowles  and  Dunkley,  1874-1876. 

DAILY  COURIER,  1874-1877:  Issued  at  8  A.  M.  as  the 
Morning  Courier,  daily  and  weekly.  A  Sunday  edition, 
the  Sunday  Courier-Herald,  was  established  in  1876. 
Courier  Co.,  publishers,  1874-1876;  George  I.  Yeager, 
in  1877. 

DAILY  DEMOCRATIC  PRESS,  1852-1858:  Edited  by  John 
L.  Scripps  and  William  Bross.  In  1854  the  firm  became 


164  HiarrUattwwH  :p«bltratum0 

Scripps,  Bross  and  Spears.  In  1857  it  began  expounding 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1858  Press 
was  consolidated  with  the  Tribune. 

DAILY  JEWISH  CALL,  1900-1912:  Devoted  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  Zionist  movement  among  the  Jewish  people. 
Hyman  Liderman,  editor  and  general  manager.  Office  of 
publication,  No.  564  West  Twelfth  street.  Subscription 
price,  $3.00  per  year.  Sunday  edition,  $1.00  per  year. 
The  Call  is  printed  in  the  Yiddish  language  and  is  an  in- 
fluential exponent  of  progressive  movements  among  the 
Jewish  people. 

DAILY  LIVE  STOCK  WORLD,  1900-1912:  Founded  by 
Halliwell  &  Baum  Co.  (Inc.),  A.  C.  Halliwell,  President, 
which  corporation  is  still  the  publisher.  The  Live  Stock 
World  in  the  years  in  which  it  has  been  established  is  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  authoritative  daily 
newspapers  devoted  to  the  live  stock  industry.  A.  C. 
Halliwell,  the  editor  of  the  Live  Stock  World,  has  spent 
the  years  of  his  activity  in  the  atmosphere  of  live  stock 
publications.  His  capability  as  a  writer  upon  subjects  in- 
timately associated  with  the  live  stock  business  is  conceded 
to  be  of  the  first  order.  Reliability  in  the  quotations  relat- 
ing to  prices  in  the  stock  yards  market  is  the  first  requisite 
demanded  by  the  directing  force  of  the  Live  Stock  World, 
its  statistics  each  day  being  transmitted  to  the  old-world 
centers  because  of  their  trustworthiness.  This  quality  has 
placed  the  Live  Stock  World  in  the  first  rank  among  its 
contemporaries,  and  with  the  further  advantage  of  an 
experienced  corps  of  able  writers  and  specialists  in  their 
several  lines  it  has  gained  recognition  that  is  both  substan- 
tial and  gratifying.  Embraced  in  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Live  Stock  World  are  James  E.  Poole,'  T.  J.  (Larry) 
Champion,  Chas.  A.  S.  McCracken,  statistician;  J.  S.  H. 
Johnston,  author  of  the  Horse  Book,  and  Elbert  W.  Baker, 
all  of  whom  are  recognized  as  specialists  in  their  particular 
lines  and  who  give  an  added  value  to  the  Live  Stock 
World  that  live  stock  men  throughout  this  country  gener- 
ally appreciate.  When  it  is  remembered  that  the  packing 


iflhirrUaurmts   IJuliltratuuui  165 

and  live  stock  industries  are  Chicago's  most  important 
activities,  in  volume  and  value  being  greater  than  the  entire 
product  of  the  gold  and  silver  mines  of  the  world,  it  will 
be  realized  that  a  publication  which  reflects  those  indus- 
tries must  of  necessity  possess  a  high  order  of  merit  to 
adequately  cover  the  field  of  endeavor  occupied  by  the 
Daily  Live  Stock  World.  Subscription  price,  $3  per  year. 
Office  of  publication,  815  Exchange  avenue,  Union  Stock 
Yards,  Chicago,  111. 

DAILY  LEDGER,  1857:  Published  by  Barnes,  Stewart, 
and  Paine.  Seth  Paine,  editor. 

DAILY  MUSEUM,  1863-1864:  A  daily  advertising  sheet 
published  in  the  interest  of  the  Chicago  Museum  by  R.  V. 
Kennedy. 

DAILY  NEWS,  1845-1846:  A  liberty  paper  managed  by 
Eastman  and  Davidson. 

DAILY  NEWS,  1872:  Daily  and  weekly.  It  was  short 
lived.  Published  by  the  Chicago  News  Printing  Co. 

DAILY  NATIVE  CITIZEN,  1855:  W.  W.  Danenhower 
issued  the  daily  for  at  least  six  months. 

DAILY  RECORD  AND  HOTEL  REGISTER,  1861-1870:  John 
J.  W.  O'Donoghue,  editor  and  publisher,  1864-1870. 

DAILY  TELEGRAPH,  1878-1881:  Established  by  S.  F. 
Norton  as  an  organ  of  the  Greenback-Labor  party.  After 
a  few  months  William  T.  Collins  purchased  an  interest  and 
made  the  paper  Democratic.  In  the  spring  of  1881  the 
property  was  secured  by  the  projectors  of  the  Morning 
Herald,  and  it  was  merged  with  that  paper  on  May  10, 
1881. 

DAILY  UNION,  1857-1858:  Issued  by  the  Chicago 
Union  Printing  Co.  Louis  Schade,  editor. 

DEMOCRAT,   1871-1881:     The  Democrat  Co.,  publisher. 

DEMOCRAT  ADVOCATE  AND  COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER, 
1844-1846:  Ellis  &  Fergus,  publishers.  The  official  pa- 
per of  the  city. 


166  UltBrrUanHma  I!ubltratum0 

DEMOKRAT,  1856-1880:  Demokrat  Printing  Co.,  pub- 
lishers. 

DEN  NYE  Tin.,  1874-1881 :  A  socialist  paper  started  by 
the  Scandinavian  sect  of  the  Socialist  Labor  party.  In 
1881  a  paper  bearing  the  same  name  was  listed  in  the 
Directory  as  published  by  Den  Nye  Tid  Publishing  Co. 
and  published  by  Den  Nye  Tid. 

DET  HEMLANDET,  1854-1912.  Established  by  the  Swed- 
ish Lutheran  Printing  Association,  with  Rev.  T.  N.  Hassel- 
quist  as  editor.  Since  its  beginning  the  publishers  of  the 
Hemlandet  were:  From  1873-1889,  Enander  and  Bohman; 
1890-1891,  Hemlandet  Publishing  Co.;  1891-1895,  Johnson 
and  Soderholm,  and  from  1896  to  the  present,  Hemlandet 
Co.,  A.  E.  Johnson,  president,  B.  E.  Forssell,  treasurer 
and  manager.  Office  of  publication,  No.  357  North  Clark 
street. 

DEUTSCHE  AMERIKANISCHE  MUELLER,  1877-1881:  A 
German  mechanical  monthly.  In  1880  E.  A.  Sittig  was 
editor  and  publisher. 

DEUTSCHE  WARTE,  1877  to  date:  A  German  Independ- 
ent weekly.  Since  1884  the  Germania  Publishing  Co.  have 
been  publishers. 

DOMESTIC  ENGINEERING:  Weekly  record  of  progress  in 
plumbing,  heating,  ventilation  and  matters  pertaining  to 
domestic  sanitation.  Domestic  Engineering  Co.,  publishers. 
W.  E.  Marquam,  R.  Herlov,  C.  L.  Davis,  editors.  Issued 
weekly.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year.  Office  of  pub- 
lication, 445  Plymouth  court. 

DROVERS'  JOURNAL,  1873-1912:  Established  by  H.  L. 
Goodall.  H.  L.  Goodall  &  Go.  were  editors  and  publish- 
ers from  the  beginning  until  the  death  of  Goodall,  March, 
1900.  Since  then  his  widow  has  been  publisher. 

DRUGGIST  AND  PAINT  AND  OIL  REVIEW,  1879-1912: 
George  P.  Engelhard,  editor  and  proprietor.  Leading 
periodical  in  the  trade.  Issued  monthly. 


ihililtrulumr.  167 


DRY  GOODS  REPORTER,  1871-1912:  A  commercial  pa- 
per devoted  to  dry  goods  and  allied  lines.  C.  W.  Spof- 
ford,  editor.  Dry  Goods  Reporter  Co.,  publishers. 

DUNLOP'S  SATURDAY  NIGHT  DISPATCH,  1899-1912:  Es- 
tablished by  Joseph  R.  Dunlop.  An  independent  news- 
paper, devoted  to  political  matters  and  municipal  improve- 
ment. Issued  weekly,  from  Opera  House  Building,  No.  32 
North  Clark  street.  Stanley  Wood,  editor.  Ernest  F. 
Dunlop,  business  manager.  Subscription  'rates,  $2.00  per 
year. 

DUNTON'S  SPIRIT  OF  THE  TURF,  1876-1881:  A  weekly, 
devoted  to  sport.  F.  H.  Dunton  and  C.  E.  Jones,  editors. 

EDUCATIONAL  WEEKLY,  1876-1881:  Formed  by  a  com- 
bination of  educational  papers.  W.  F.  Phelps  was  the 
first  editor.  In  1881  J.  Fred  Waggoner  was  publisher. 

ELECTRIC  CITY  MAGAZINE,  1902-1912:  Issued  monthly 
by  the  Electric  City  Publishing  Co.  Office  of  publication, 
No.  28  North  Market  street.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per 
year  outside  of  Chicago;  within  the  limits,  75  cents  per 
year.  Herbert  A.  Seymour,  editor  ;  D.  H.  Howard,  business 
manager. 

ELECTRIC  INTERURBAN  RAILWAY  GUIDE,  1909-1912: 
Official  guide  and  schedules  for  all  electric  lines  entering 
Chicago.  Issued  monthly  by  the  Interstate  Guide  Co.,  No. 
435  Rookery  Building.  J.  F.  Gilchrist,  president;  R.  T. 
Schuettge,  secretary;  J.  R.  Lurian,  manager. 

ELECTRIC  TRACTION  WEEKLY,  1907-1912:  This  publi- 
cation was  started  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  by  the  Kenfield- 
Fairchild  Publishing  Co.,  in  1907.  Two  years  later  it  was 
moved  to  Chicago.  A  year  later  a  change  was  made  in  the 
organization,  it  taking  the  name  of  the  Kenfield-Davis  Pub- 
lishing Co.  H.  J.  Kenfield,  president;  G.  S.  Davis,  secre- 
tary. January,  1912,  Mr.  Davis  died,  the  secretaryship 
being  taken  by  H.  E.  Smith.  H.  J.  Field,  managing  editor. 
Publication  office,  suite  901-903  Manhattan  Building. 

ELECTROTYPE   JOURNAL,    1873-1881:     A  quarterly,  de- 


168  iflinrrllanrmtii    Vuhltratiuus 

voted  to  typography  and  advertising.    A.  Zeese  &  Co.,  pub- 
lishers.    H.  H.  Newhall,  editor. 

ELECTROTYPER,  1873-1881:  Quarterly.  Devoted  to 
stereotyping.  Shneidewend  &  Lee,  publishers. 

EMBALMERS'  MONTHLY,  1902-1912:  (In  which  is  incor- 
porated the  American  Undertaker.)  Published  by  Trade 
Periodical  Company.  P.  D.  Francis,  president.  Devoted 
to  all  subjects  pertaining  to  embalming  and  undertaking. 
Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year. 

EMERY'S  JOURNAL  OF  AGRICULTURE,  1858-1912:  Founded 
by  H.  D.  Emery  and  C.  D.  Bragdon.  The  Prairie  Farmer 
was  absorbed  in  a  short  time,  and  since  1859  to  the  pres- 
ent this  name  has  been  retained. 

ENGINEERING  AND  CONTRACTING,  1907-1912:  Issued 
weekly,  by  the  Myron  C.  Clark  Publishing  Co.,  No.  608 
South  Dearborn  street.  Editors,  H.  P.  Gillette,  C.  S.  Hill, 
C.  T.  Murray,  H.  B.  Kirkland,  S.  C.  Hadden.  F.  P.  Burt, 
manager.  Devoted  to  the  economies  of  civil  engineering, 
design  and  to  methods  and  cost  of  construction.  Subscrip- 
tion price,  $2.00  per  year. 

ENGINEERING  NEWS,  1874-1912:  Established  by  George 
H.  Frost.  The  publication  was  maintained  in  Chicago 
until  1878,  when  it  was  moved  to  New  York,  where  it  is 
still  published. 

ENGLEWOOD  ECONOMIST,  1906-1912:  Published  weekly. 
Talcott,  Talcott  &  Tillinghast,  publishers.  Issued  from 
No.  540  West  Sixty-third  street,  for  free  distribution  in  the 
interest  of  advertising  patrons. 

ENGLEWOOD  TIMES,  1888-1912:  Issued  weekly  from  No. 
417  West  Sixty-third  street.  Gerald  E.  Sullivan,  publisher 
and  proprietor  since  the  publication  was  started.  The 
Englewood  Times  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  growing 
suburbs  of  the  South  Side,  and  its  editor  also  controls  the 
Auburn  Park  Monitor  and  Gresham  Mirror,  enterprises 
linked  in  the  interest  of  these  growing  sections. 


169 


ENGRAVER  AND  ELECTROTYPER,  1897-1912:  Published 
monthly  in  the  interest  of  engraving,  photo-engraving,  elec- 
trotyping  and  allied  arts.  William  Hughes,  publisher. 
Office  of  publication,  No.  6854  Wentworth  avenue,  Chicago. 
Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 

EVANGE'LISK  TIDSKRIFT,  1877-1885:  Edited  by  Dr. 
J.  A.  Edgren  and  published  by  Rev.  N.  P.  Jensen  until 
1880,  when  it  was  turned  over  to  E.  Wingren.  Started 
as  a  monthly;  in  1881  made  semi-monthly.  January  1, 
1885,  the  name  was  changed  to  Nya  Wecko  Posten.  Edited 
and  published  by  Rev.  E.  Wingren. 

EVANGELIST,  1865  to  date  (1881):  An  evangelical 
weekly.  B.  W.  Johnson  and  B.  J.  Radford  were  editors 
and  publishers  in  1880. 

EVENING  LAMP,  1869-1908:  Established  by  A.  N.  Kel- 
logg. In  1870  and  1871  A.  N.  Kellogg  was  editor  and 
publisher.  From  1873  to  1879  J.  M.  Edson  was  editor. 
A.  N.  Kellogg  Co.,  publishers. 

EVENING  MAIL,  1870-1873:  Chicago  Evening  Mail 
Co.,  publishers.  Late  in  1873  the  Mail  was  united  with 
the  Evening  Post  to  form  the  Post  and  Mail. 

EVERYBODY'S  PAPER,  1869-1879:  A  monthly  Sunday- 
school  paper.  F.  H.  Revell,  publisher.  In  1879  the 
Evangelical  Publishing  Company  were  publishers  and  F. 
E.  Post  was  manager. 

EXPRESS,  1842-1844:  Edited  by  W.  W.  Brackett.  It 
was  sold  in  1844  to  a  company  and  the  Evening  Journal 
was  established  in  its  stead. 

EXPRESS,  1873-1880:  Founded  by  O.  J.  Smith  to  advo- 
cate the  greenback  monetary  system.  It  reached  a  large 
following  and  influenced  many  readers  to  accept  the  policy 
until  the  resumption  act  was  put  in  force. 

EXTENSION:  Published  by  the  Catholic  Church  Extension 
Society.  Issued  monthly.  An  advocate  of  the  missionary 
spirit.  Edited  by  Francis  Clement  Kelley,  D.  D.;  S.  A. 
Baldus,  managing  editor.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  a  year. 


170 


FACKEL,  1879-1907:  A  socialist  publication,  the  Sun- 
day edition  of  the  Arbeiter-Zeitung.  The  item  of  chief 
interest  connected  with  this  paper  is  its  relation  to  the 
anarchist  riots  in  1886,  and  the  subsequent  industrial  dis- 
turbances of  later  periods. 

FARM,  FIELD,  AND  FIRESIDE,  1878-1906:  An  agricul- 
tural monthly,  founded  by  R.  L.  V.  Powis.  Thomas  W. 
Herringshaw  was  publisher  in  1879.  Thomas  Owen,  Jr., 
and  Frederick  Hankohl  were  editors  in  1880,  and  the 
Farm,  Field,  and  Fireside  Publishing  Company  were  pub- 
lishers. By  188-5  the  name  had  been  changed  to  Farm, 
Field,  and  Stockman,  and  the  paper  was  being  published 
by  a  stock  company.  Many  changes  supervened  in  own- 
ership and  name,  and  in  1906  the  name  was  changed  to  the 
National  Monthly  Farm  Press,  and  continnes  to  be  issued 
under  that  style. 

FARM  IMPLEMENT  NEWS,  1882-1912:  Established  in 
1882.  Issued  weekly.  Oldest  implement  and  vehicle  deal- 
ers' paper  in  Chicago.  Office  of  publication,  Masonic 
Temple.  C.  W.  Marsh,  president;  E.  J.  Baker,  publisher; 
C.  A.  Lukens,  editor.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 
The  Farm  Implement  News,  as  implied  by  its  title,  is  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  all  branches  of  the  implement  and 
vehicle  industries. 

FARM  LIFE,  1902-1912:  Published  monthly  by  Farm 
Life  Publishing  Co.  Devoted  to  the  interests  of  agriculture 
and  tillers  of  the  soil.  Office  of  publication,  No.  501  Plym- 
outh place,  Chicago.  Herbert  H.  Bowden,  editor.  Farm 
Life  is  composed  of  thirty-two  pages,  and  is  mailed  to  sub- 
scribers at  25  cents  per  year. 

FARM  WORLD,  1906-1912:  Devoted  to  agriculture.  Is- 
sued monthly.  Clinton  M.  Schultz,  editor.  The  managers 
of  this  publication  claim  a  wide  circulation,  more  than 
240,000  copies  being  mailed  to  subscribers.  Subscription 
price,  25  cents  per  month.  Office  of  publication,  No.  30 
North  Dearborn  street. 

FARMERS'     REVIEW,     1877-1912:       Established    by    A. 


ittutrrlLutrmu.    $IubliratumH  171 

Moore.  Until  1880  it  was  monthly;  since  then  it  has  been 
weekly.  Devoted  to  live  stock  and  agriculture.  The 
Farmers'  Review  Company  were  editors  and  publishers  in 
1879  and  until  1883.  In  1909  the  publication  passed  into 
the  control  of  the  National  Stockman  and  Farmer  Co., 
Pittsburg  and  Chicago. 

FARMERS'  REVIEW,  1877-1912:  George  W.  Hill,  editor. 
Devoted  to  all  agricultural  activities.  The  Farmers'  Re- 
view was  founded  in  1877  under  the  editorship  of  George 
W.  Hill.  In  1883  it  passed  into  the  ownership  of  H.  H. 
Chandler  and  continued  under  his  management  until  1909, 
when  it  was  sold  to  The  Farmers'  Review  (Inc.),  the  offi- 
cers of  said  company  being  Frank  E.  Long,  president;  T. 
D.  Harman,  treasurer;  E.  W.  Chandler,  secretary;  H.  Earl 
Young,  editor. 

FARMERS'  VOICE  AND  RURAL  OUTLOOK,  1862-1908:  An 
agricultural  monthly.  H.  A.  Bereman  was  editor,  and  the 
Farmers'  Press  Publishing  Co.,  publishers. 

FLORISTS'  REVIEW:  Established  in  1897  by  G.  L.  Grant 
as  editor  and  publisher.  Later  the  ownership  was  placed  in 
the  Florists'  Review  Publishing  Co.,  with  G.  L.  Grant  as 
president  of  the  company,  as  well  as  editor  and  manager  of 
the  publication,  which  has  continued  to  the  present.  The 
issues  of  the  Review  for  a  brief  period  ranged  from  32  to 
48  pages,  while  the  average  for  1911  was  100  pages.  The 
Florists'  Review  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  florist, 
nursery  and  seed  trades.  The  officers  of  the  organization, 
in  addition  to  President  Grant,  are  A.  H.  Post,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  and  H.  B.  Howard,  managing  editor.  Pub- 
lication office,  No.  508  South  Dearborn  street.  Subscrip- 
tion price,  $1.00  per  year. 

FOLKE-VENNEN,  1879-1912:  A  Norwegian  Lutheran 
monthly,  published  by  Rev.  J.  Z.  Torgerson,  1879-1881. 
It  was  published,  1881-1903,  as  a  Dano-Norwegian  non- 
sectarian  weekly,  by  W.  Mortenson  &  Co.  Since  1903  it 
has  been  continued  by  the  Folke-Vennen  Publishing  Co. 

FOUNDLINGS'  RECORD,  1871-1876:  A  monthly,  published 


172 


in  the  interests  of  the  Chicago  Foundlings'  Home.     Edited 
by  George  E.  Shipman. 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  CHIMNEY  CORNER,  1866-1867:  Literary 
and  story  paper  published  by  Frank  Leslie  &  Co.,  New 
York  and  Chicago.  The  enterprise  was  the  Chicago 
branch  of  Leslie's  New  York  undertaking.  The  publica- 
tion continued  until  the  great  fire  and  was  not  revived  after 
that  event. 

FREE  METHODIST:  Established  in  1869  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  by  Levi  Wood,  editor  and  publisher.  In  1870  the 
publication  was  transferred  to  Joseph  Mackey,  New  York; 
in  1871  Joseph  Bailey  j  Aurora,  111.,  bought  the  paper  and 
was  its  editor  and  publisher  until  his  death  in  1873.  In 
1874  Baker  &  Arnold,  Sycamore,  111.,  purchased  the 
Methodist,  D.  P.  Parker  becoming  editor,  and  T.  B.  Arnold 
being  the  publisher.  In  1880  the  office  was  moved  to  Chi- 
cago, Mr.  Baker  continuing  as  editor  until  succeeded  by 
Joseph  Travis  in  1882,  he  in  turn  giving  way  to  B.  T.  Rob- 
erts in  1886,  the  paper  becoming  the  property  of  the  Free 
Methodist  Church.  From  this  period  till  1912  changes  in 
the  editorial  and  publishing  responsibility  have  occurred, 
but  the  roster  at  the  present  date  shows  J.  T.  Logan  as 
editor,  with  W.  B.  Rose  as  publisher,  and  Charles  W. 
Stevens,  assistant  publisher.  The  Methodist  is  issued 
weekly  at  $1.50  per  year. 

FREIE  PRESSE,  1871-1912:  Established  by  Richard  Mi- 
chaelis.  In  1872  a  daily  edition  was  begun.  It  was  pub- 
lished by  the  Freie  Presse  Printing  Co.  and  still  continues. 

FREE  WEST,  1853-1855:  Edited  by  E.  Goodman, 
Hooper  Warren,  and  Zebina  Eastman.  The  last  issue  an- 
nounced that  the  paper  would  be  merged  with  the  Tribune. 

FRIHED'S  BANNERET,  1852-1853:  First  Norwegian  pa- 
per published  in  Chicago. 

FURNITURE  TRADE,  1874-1880:  Monthly.  Listed  in 
the  1875  Directory  as  Western  Furniture  Trade,  and  in 
1879  and  1880  as  Furniture  Trade  Journal.  Brackett  and 
Talcott  were  editors  and  publishers,  1875-1876.  The  jour- 


173 


nal  was  issued  simultaneously  in  Chicago  and  New  York 
in  1879. 

GARDENING:  Established  Sept.  15,  1892.  Published 
semi-monthly  by  the  Gardening  Co.,  No.  440  South  Dear- 
born street.  Devoted  to  horticulture  and  floriculture.  Sub- 
scription price,  $2.00  per  year.  Michael  Barker,  editor 
and  manager.  Subjects  pertaining  to  the  cultivation  of  the 
garden  and  beautifying  the  home  surroundings  are  given 
attention. 

GASKELI/S  MAGAZINE,  1876-1887:  Educational  maga- 
zine. A.  J.  Scarborough,  editor;  G.  A.  Gaskell  Co.,  pub- 
lishers. 

GAZETA  POLSKA  w  CHICAGO,  1873-1912:  Established  and 
published  to  date  by  Wladyslaw  Dyniewicz.  It  claims  to  be 
the  oldest  Polish  paper  in  America. 

GAZETA  POLSKA  KATOLICKA,  1874-1912:  A  Polish 
Catholic  weekly.  In  1876-1880  John  Barzynski  was 
editor.  Smulski  Publishing  Cov  publishers. 

GEM  OF  THE  PRAIRIE,  1844-1852:  A  literary  paper 
edited  by  K.  K.  Jones  and  J.  S.  Beach,  1844-1845;  J 
Campbell  and  T.  A.  Stewart,  1845;  T.  A.  Stewart,  1845- 
1846;  Mr.  Stewart  and  James  Kelly,  1846-1850;  Messrs. 
Scripps  and  Stewart,  1850-1852,  with  Stewart,  Waite 
and  Co.,  publishers.  It  surpassed  all  early  periodicals 
of  predominantly  literary  tone.  In  1847  the  proprietors 
established  the  Chicago  Daily  Tribune,  as  an  offshoot  to 
the  Gem  of  the  Prairie.  The  latter  was  continued  under 
the  same  name  until  1852,  when  it  was  merged  in  the 
Tribune,  and  published  as  the  Sunday  edition  of  that 
paper,  with  the  title  Chicago  Sunday  Tribune. 

GEM  OP  THE  WEST  AND  SOLDIERS'  FRIEND,  1867-1876: 
A  weekly  in  1870,  later  a  monthly;  edited  by  C.  Augustus 
Haviland.  The  Soldiers'  Friend  Co.,  publishers. 

GERMAN  AMERICAN,  1864-1872:  Published  by  Caspar 
Butz,  1864-1866.  In  1872,  Lieb  &  Hornaday,  publishers. 


174  Jflifittllanroua  ftabltratiiinB 


GOLDBECK'S  JOURNAL  OF  Music,  1873-1876:  A  monthly 
publication,  devoted  to  music.  It  was  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  1874  and  1875  by  Robert  Goldbeck. 

GOLFERS'  MAGAZINE,  1902-1912:  Devoted  to  the  ancient 
game  of  golf.  Issued  monthly.  Office  of  publication,  suite 
1355-1356  Monadnock  Block.  C.  W.  Higgins,  editor  and 
publisher.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 

GRAIN  AND  PROVISION  REVIEW,  1875-1881:  A  com- 
mercial paper.  Coles  &  Co.,  editors  and  publishers. 

GRAIN  DEALERS'  JOURNAL,  1898-1912:  Published  bi- 
monthly by  the  Grain  Dealers'  Co.  Chas.  S.  Clark,  editor 
and  manager.  Issued  from  No.  315  South  LaSalle  street, 
each  number  embracing  72  pages.  Subscription  price,  $1.50 
per  year.  Published  in  the  interest  of  carlot  grain  dealers. 

GRAPHIC,  1878-1895:  An  illustrated  weekly  publica- 
tion. Hoffman  and  Lederer  editors  and  publishers.  It 
was  listed  as  a  Republican  paper  with  the  Graphic  Co., 
editors  and  publishers,  1891-1895. 

GREEK  STAR,  1904-1912:  Issued  weekly.  Peter  S. 
Lambros,  publisher  and  editor.  The  Star  is  printed  in 
Greek  and  embraces  twelve  pages.  Office  of  publication, 
Suite  424-425  New  Era  Building,  600  Blue  Island  avenue. 

GROCER,  1874-1879:  A  commercial  weekly.  G.  P. 
Engelhard,  editor.  In  1879  became  Grocer  and  Mer- 
cantile Review.  Grocer  Co.,  publishers.  H.  H.  Chandler, 
manager. 

GROCERS'  CRITERION,  1873-1912:  A  trade  weekly. 
R.  J.  Bennett  was  editor  in  1877.  In  1886  D.  O.  Lantz 
and  Co.  were  publishers.  Eugene  J.  Hall  was  publisher 
in  1890.  The  Grocer's  Criterion  Co.  have  been  pub- 
lishers since  1901. 

GUARDIAN,  1875-1881:  An  English  and  German 
monthly,  published  in  the  interest  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  The 
Guardian  Publishing  Co.,  publishers. 

HARDWOOD  RECORD  :     Issued  semi-monthly  in  the  interest 


^nhlirattnna  175 


of  the  hardwood  industry,  saw  mill,  woodworking  machin- 
ery and  logging.  The  Hardwood  Co.,  537  South  Dearborn 
street,  publishers.  H.  H.  Gibson,  president;  L.  L.  Jacques, 
secretary-treasurer.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 
The  Hardwood  Record  was  established  in  1894. 

HAUSFREUND,  1863-1871:  A  weekly  religious  paper 
conducted  by  an  association  of  pastors  for  the  United 
Evangelical  Church.  Joseph  Hartman  was  editor,  George 
E.  Gross  publisher  in  1864;  Rev.  E.  Guntrum  was  editor 
in  1870-1871. 

HEJMDAL,  1874-1877:  A  Scandinavian  paper.  Reichel 
and  Salmonsen  were  editors  and  publishers  in  1875.  The 
following  year  the  Hejmdal  Publishing  Co.  were  pub- 
lishers. In  1877  the  same  company  were  publishing  the 
paper,  and  L.  Salmonsen  was  editor. 

HERALD,  1858-1860:  Established  by  Isaac  Cook  and 
Charles  N.  Pine  as  a  Buchanan  administration  organ.  In 
1859  it  was  sold  to  Cyrus  H.  McCormick.  The  Times 
was  bought  by  McCormick  in  1860,  and  the  first  number 
of  the  Daily  Times  and  Herald  was  issued  September  8, 
E.  W.  McComas  was  editor  first  of  the  Herald,  later  of 
the  Times  and  Herald. 

HERALD,  1870-1877:  An  insurance  monthly.  Powell 
and  Steele  were  editors  and  publishers  in  1871;  George 
I.  Yeager,  1872-1873;  Yeager  and  S.  H.  Davis,  1874; 
George  I.  Yeager,  1875;  Yeager  and  Ormsbee,  1876; 
Charles  E.  Rollins,  1877. 

HERALD  OF  PE-VCE,  1867-1870:  A  Friend's  paper,  pub- 
lished semi-monthly.  W.  E.  Hathaway  was  editor  in  1869; 
Hathaway  and  Willet  Dorland  were  editors  in  1870.  The 
Herald  Co.  were  publishers,  1869-1870. 

HERALD  OF  THE  COMING  KINGDOM  AND  CHRISTIAN  IN- 
STRUCTOR, 1867-1871:  A  religious  semi-monthly  publi- 
cation. In  1  869  Thomas  Wilson  and  George  Moyer  were 
editors  ;  Wilson,  St.  Clair,  and  Company  were  publishers. 
Thomas  Wilson  was  editor  in  1871. 


176  iKuirrUanrmiB   IJultliratuws 

HERALD  OF  THE  PRAIRIES,  1847-1849:  Edited  by  Rev. 
J.  B.  Walker  and  B.  F.  Worrall,  1847-1849.  In  1848 
James  Shaw  was  assistant  editor. 

HIDE  AND  LEATHER:  Founded  by  R.  C.  Jacobsen  in  1889. 
Jacobsen  Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  Issued  in  the  interest 
of  the  hide  and  leather  trade  and  industries  connected 
therewith,  primarily  for  manufacturers,  wholesalers  and 
merchants.  R.  C.  Jacobsen,  editor.  Office  of  publication, 
No.  136  West  Lake  street.  Branch  offices,  No.  187  Essex 
street,  Boston;  No.  2  Stone  street,  New  York  city;  No.  415 
Arch  street,  Philadelphia;  No.  35  St.  Thomas  street,  Ber- 
mondsey,  London.  Officers  of  the  company:  R.  C.  Jacob- 
sen,  president  and  treasurer;  Wm.  D.  Bennett,  manager 
Boston  office,  vice-president;  Miles  E.  Kastner,  secretary. 
Subscription  price,  $4.00  per  year,  including  Hide  and 
Leather  Year  Book. 

HOME  CIRCLE  AND  TEMPERANCE  ORACLE,  1865-1871: 
A  monthly,  devoted  to  "literature,  temperance,  morality, 
and  the  people."  S.  M.  Kennedy  was  editor  and  pub- 
lisher in  1871. 

HOME  VISITOR,  1860-1912:  A  philanthropic  monthly, 
issued  by  the  Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless.  Mrs. 
Mary  G.  Clarke  was  editor,  1869-1871;  Eliza  W.  Bow- 
man, 1872-1880;  Ellen  C.  Babbitt  was  editor  in  1907. 
Mary  B.  Stalker  has  been  editor  since  1907. 

HOMEOPATH,  1854-1856:  Bi-monthly.  Edited  by  Drs. 
D.  S.  Smith,  S.  W.  Graves,  and  R.  Ludlam.  Three  vol- 
umes of  the  periodical  were  issued. 

HOTEL  BULLETIN,  1900-1912:  Issued  monthly  by  the 
Commercial  Publishing  Co.  Office  of  publication,  Suite  951- 
957  Insurance  Exchange.  Devoted  to  all  departments  of 
hotel  business.  Ben  P.  Branham,  president;  Harry  M. 
Eastman,  manager. 

HOTEL  MONTHLY,  1893-1912:  Technical  journal  of  the 
hotel  trade.  Issued  from  No.  443  South  Dearborn  street, 
by  John  Willy,  editor  and  publisher.  Original  name  was 


Iflir.rrlluurmui   yultiiratintts  177 

Hotel  Quarterly,  but  in  1893  was  made  a  monthly  publica- 
tion. Circulation  covers  United  States  and  Canada,  extend- 
ing to  foreign  countries.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

HOTEL  WORLD,  1875-1912:  Journal  of  general  hotel 
information.  Established  by  Frank  Glossop,  editor  and 
publisher.  W.  E.  Smith  was  editor  in  1879,  when  H.  J. 
and  C.  H.  Bohn  purchased  the  paper  and  have  continued 
the  publication  to  the  present.  Fully  covers  everything 
pertaining  to  the  hotel  interests.  Issued  from  No.  440 
South  Dearborn  street.  Weekly  and  monthly. 

HUMANE  JOURNAL,  1872-1912:  A  monthly,  devoted  to 
humane  ideas.  A.  W.  Landon,  publisher,  1872-1879.  Mrs. 
Landon,  upon  her  husband's  death  became  editor,  and  in 
1907  sold  the  publication.  Published  by  the  Humane 
Journal  Publishing  Co. 

IN  DOOR  AND  OUT,  1875-1879:  An  illustrated  literary 
monthly.  Pictorial  Printing  Company  were  publishers. 

INDEX,  1875(?)  to  date  (1891):  A  Saturday  paper, 
devoted  to  fiction.  C.  E.  Tues,  editor;  the  Index  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  publishers. 

INDICATOR,  1878-1912:  Established  by  O.  L.  Fox, 
First  issued  as  an  art  and  music  weekly.  In  1880  it  dis- 
carded art,  and  added  piano  and  organ  items  and  trade; 
since  it  has  been  a  piano  and  organ  trade  publication. 

INDUSTRIAL  AGE,  1873-1879:  A  weekly  industrial 
paper.  J.  A.  Noonan,  S.  M.  Smith,  and  Charles  E.  Bar- 
ney were  editors;  the  Industrial  Age  Co.,  publishers,  1874- 
1875.  In  1876-1877  J.  A.  Noonan  and  C.  C.  Buell  were 
editors.  The  paper  of  the  same  name  now  published  was 
begun  in  1896. 

ILLINOIS  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  JOURNAL,  1844-1846: 
This  was  the  first  medical  journal  issued  in  Chicago. 
Edited  by  Dr.  James  V.  Z.  Blaney,  in  the  interest  of  Rush 
Medical  College,  and  printed  by  Ellis  and  Fergus,  1844- 
1846. 


178 


ILLINOIS  STAATS-ZEITUNG,  1848-1912:  Established  by 
Robert  Bernhard  Hoeffgen.  In  1851  George  Schneider 
made  the  paper  a  daily  and  it  became  a  factor  in  the 
creation  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1854  Schneider  sold 
his  interest  to  Lorenz  Brentano,  who  became  editor.  In 
1867  A.  C.  Hesing  purchased  the  paper,  he  being  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son,  Washington  Hesing,  who  later  turned 
his  interest  over  to  the  Illinois  Publishing  Co.,  the  control 
of  which  is  in  the  estate  of  the  late  W.  R.  Michaelis  and 
H.  L.  Brand. 

ILLUSTRATED  JOURNAL,  1872-1874:  Bi-monthly.  Knight 
&  Leonard  publishers  in  1872;  Horton  &  Leonard  in  1873. 
The  following  year  the  American  Publishing  Company 
were  publishers.  The  Illustrated  Journal  was  a  rival  of 
the  Press,  burned  out  in  the  fire  of  October,  1871. 

INLAND  PRINTER,  1883-1912:  The  first  number  of  this 
undertaking  appeared  October,  1883,  it  being  issued  as 
"an  operative  journal  conducted  by  workmen."  This  pos- 
sibly was  the  first  enterprise  up  to  this  period  which  en- 
couraged followers  of  a  given  craft  to  feel  that  they  were 
capable  of  conducting  a  publication  in  the  interest  of  their 
calling.  Pretentious  as  the  idea  was  at  the  time,  it  has  been 
more  than  made  good,  the  Inland  Printer  now  being  con- 
ceded to  be  the  leading  printers'  paper  in  the  world.  The 
first  number  embraced  twenty-four  pages,  but  it  has  now 
grown  to  150  pages.  J.  W.  Langston  was  the  president  of 
the  original  company;  S.  H.  Treloar,  vice-president;  Jos. 
Peake,  secretary-treasurer,  with  H.  H.  Hill  as  editor.  In 
1884  A.  C.  Cameron's  name  appears  as  editor.  A.  H.  Mc- 
Quilkin  assumed  editorial  control  in  1894,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  that  responsibility  since.  Technical  subjects  re- 
lated to  printing  are  given  much  space  in  the  publication, 
its  Inland  Printer  Technical  School,  a  special  feature  asso- 
ciated with  the  International  Typographical  Union  activity, 
is  sponsored  and  carried  forward  by  the  instructors  of  the 
Inland  Printer  staff.  Wm.  B.  Prescott,  formerly  president 
of  the  International  Typographical  Union,  is  associate 
editor  of  the  periodical. 


Pttblirattntta  179 


INLAND  STOREKEEPER,  1910-1912:  Issued  monthly  in 
the  interest  of  general  merchants  by  the  Byxbee  Publish- 
ing Co.,  No.  440  South  Dearborn  street.  Frank  Farrington, 
editor.  Each  number  embraces  100  or  more  pages. 

INSURANCE  HERALD,  1877-1880:  Geo.  I.  Yeager  was 
editor  and  the  Herald  Publishing  Company  were  pub- 
lishers in  1880. 

INTERIOR,  1870-1910:  A  Presbyterian  weekly.  Estab- 
lished by  a  number  of  clergymen.  W.  C.  Gray  became 
publisher  in  1871,  and  in  1872  Rev.  Arthur  Swazey  was 
editor.  C.  H.  McCormick  bought  the  paper  in  1873  and 
continued  his  interest  until  1883  when  he  disposed  of  a 
portion  of  his  holding  to  W.  C.  Gray.  In  1907  McCormick 
&  Co.  were  publishers,  and  the  name  of  the  paper  changed 
to  that  of  the  Continent,  which  see  elsewhere. 

INVESTIGATOR,  1873-1908:  An  insurance  paper,  at  first 
weekly,  but  montly  by  1880.  J.  S.  Bloomingston  was 
editor  and  publisher  in  1875,  and  was  still  so  in  1880. 
William  E.  Beer  was  editor,  and  H.  W.  Bloomingston, 
publisher,  in  1907-  In  January,  1908,  this  paper  was 
merged  in  Insurance  Field. 

INVESTING  FOR  PROFIT,  1906-1912:  H.  L.  Barber,  editor. 
Devoted  to  investing  in  safe  and  profitable  securities. 
Office  of  publication,  No.  20  West  Jackson  boulevard.  Sub- 
scription price,  $1.00  per  year. 

IRISH  REPUBLIC:  Founded  by  Michael  Scanlan  in 
1867.  Devoted  to  the  idea  of  a  republic  for  Ireland, 
during  the  period  of  the  Fenian  question's  importance  the 
Republic  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  cause.  After  the 
fire  of  1871  the  publication  was  moved  to  Washington, 
D.  C. 

IRISH  TRIBUNE,  1876-1881:  A  weekly  paper.  M. 
Ryan  was  editor;  Irish  Tribune  Publishing  Co.,  publishers. 

JEWISH  ADVANCE,  1878-1881:  A  Jewish  weekly, 
printed  in  English  and  German.  Rev.  Henry  Gersoni  was 
editor,  1879-1880;  Max  Stern,  publisher. 


180  £li0rdlattMW0 


JOURNAL  OF  COMMERCE,  1863-1896:  J.  E.  C.  Heyer 
was  editor  in  1869;  D.  Kerr,  Jr.,  was  business  manager, 
and  Tappan,  McKillop  &  Co.,  publishers.  In  1896  the 
title  of  the  paper  was  changed  to  Iron  and  Steel. 

JOURNAL  OF  SCIENCE,  1877-1881:  A  scientific  monthly 
publication. 

JOURNAL  OF  SVITHIOD  ORDER:  Monthly.  Published  by 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Svithiod.  a 
Swedish  fraternal  organization.  Publication  office,  No.  105 
North  Clark  street.  Subscription  price,  50  cents  per  year. 

KATALIKAS:  Established  in  1898  by  the  Katalikas  Pub- 
lishing Co.  Weekly  Lithuanian  paper.  In  1901  the  Kata- 
likas was  purchased  by  John  M.  Tananevicz.  Circulates 
extensively  among  the  Lithuanian  population  of  the  United 
States  and  foreign  countries.  Office  of  publication,  3249-3253 
South  Morgan  street.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 
The  paper  owns  its  own  printing  plant  and  is  recognized 
as  an  influential  factor  in  the  constituency  which  it  serves. 

KATHOLISCHER  JUGEND  FREUND,  1877-1881:  A  Ger- 
man Catholic  juvenile  magazine.  Rev.  A.  J.  Thiele  was 
editor,  and  C.  M.  Staiger  publisher,  1879-1880.  The  pa- 
per was  published  bi-weekly  1877-1878,  and  weekly  1879- 
1880. 

KATHOLISCHES  WOCHENBLATT,  1860  to  date:  E.  Schultze 
was  proprietor,  1862-1863;  F.  X.  Brandecker,  editor  and 
publisher,  1864-1880.  In  1863  this  paper  was  listed  as 
the  Catholic  Journal. 

KRISTELIGE  TALSMAND,  1877-1912:  Published  by  the 
Norwegian  and  Danish  Methodists.  Under  the  new  name 
the  editors  have  been:  Rev.  Christian  Treider,,  1876-1880; 
Rev.  A.  Haagensen,  1880-1884;  Christian  Treider,  1884- 
1891;  A.  Haagensen,  1891-1897;  C.  F.  Eltzholtz,  1897- 
1905;  H.  P.  Bergh,  1905  to  date. 

LA  PATRIA,  1907-1912:  Established  by  M.  Fourget, 
publisher,  and  Silvio  Picchianti,  editor.  In  1909  a  corpora- 
tion to  take  charge  of  the  paper  was  formed,  the  shares 


$Iuhltratum0  181 


of  which  were  later  taken  over  by  M.  Mastrogiovanni,  who 
became  publisher  and  manager,  with  Generoso  Mastrogio- 
vanni as  editor.  Issued  weekly  from  No.  2252  Wentworth 
avenue.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

LADIES'  OWN  MAGAZINE,  1869-1874:  A  monthly,  de- 
voted to  women's  interests.  Mrs.  M.  Cora  Bland  was 
editor  and  publisher  in  1873.  In  1874  M,  C.  Bland  & 
Co.,  publishers. 

LADIES'  REPOSITORY,  1866-1870:  Monthly.  Poe  &  Hitch- 
cock, publishers,  1866-1868;  J.  W.  Wiley  was  editor  in 
1870. 

LADIES'  WESTERN  MAGAZINE,  1848-1849:  Edited  by 
Benjamin  F.  Taylor  and  J.  S.  Hurlbut;  published  by  C.  L. 
Wilson.  It  was  established  in  imitation  of  several  "ladies' 
magazines"  published  in  the  eastern  cities. 

LAISVOJI  MINTIS,  1910-1912:  Lithuanian  magazine, 
published  monthly,  by  the  Lithuanian  Publishing  Associa- 
tion, in  promotion  of  free  thought.  A.  Olszewski,  manager. 
Office  of  publication,  No.  3252  South  Halsted  street,  Chi- 
cago. Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 

LAKESIDE  LIBRARY,  1875-1877:  The  issues  of  this  "li- 
brary" were  tri-monthly,  the  first  of  the  kind,  containing 
reprints  of  standard  fiction.  Donnelley,  Lloyd  &  Co., 
publishers. 

LAKESIDE  MONTHLY,  1871-1874:  This  publication  suc- 
ceeded the  Western  Monthly,  and  under  the  editorship  of 
F.  F.  Browne  it  succeeded  in  gaining  much  prominence, 
but  the  financial  depression  of  the  time  was  too  great  to 
overcome  and  the  enterprise  was  forced  to  suspend  early 
in  1874. 

LAKEVIEW  TIMES  AND  NEWS:  Founded  in  1909,  by  J.  L. 
Miller,  a  newspaper  man  of  extensive  experience.  The 
paper  is  devoted  to  the  interests  represented  by  the  old 
territory  of  Lakeview,  now  absorbed  within  the  limits  of 
Chicago.  Mr.  Miller  remained  as  proprietor  and  editor 
until  1911,  when  a  corporation  was  formed  under  the  name 


182 


of  the  Lakeview  Newspaper  Co.,  W.  T.  Klenze,  secretary- 
treasurer;  J.  L.  Miller,  president  and  managing  editor.  The 
office  of  publication  is  at  No.  1411  Belmont  avenue,  from 
where  a  weekly  edition  of  about  15,000  is  circulated,  mak- 
ing the  publication  an  important  factor  in  that  territory. 

LAND  OWNER,  1869-1880:  A  monthly  publication,  "de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  landed  interests  of  the  country." 
It  was  a  weekly  in  1875  but  became  a  monthly  again  in 
1876.  J.  M.  Wing  &  Co.,  publishers. 

LAW  JOURNAL,  1877-1912:  Published  weekly  by  the 
Chicago  Law  Journal  Publishing  Co.  Judge  John  Gib- 
bons was  editor  for  a  number  of  years.  Files  may  be  found 
at  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  the  Chicago  Law  Institute. 

LE  JOURNAL  DE  L'!LLINOIS,  1857-1858:  First  issued  in 
Kankakee  as  a  weekly  on  January  2,  1857,  by  A.  Grand- 
pre  and  Claude  Petit,  being  the  first  French  newspaper 
published  in  the  state.  In  September,  1857,  it  was  moved 
to  Chicago. 

LEDGER,  1872-1912:  A  literary  and  family  paper.  Sam- 
uel H.  Williams  was  editor  for  almost  twenty  years.  In 
1891  W.  D.  Boyce  acquired  the  Ledger,  and  the  W.  D. 
Boyce  Co.  have  been  editors  and  publishers  to  date. 

LEEDLE  VANDERER,  1870-1876:  A  comic  monthly,  edited 
and  published  by  C.  H.  Harris  "Carl  Pretzel." 

LEGAL  ADVISER,  1861-1912:  Devoted  to  legal  interests. 
Its  aim  "is  to  be  a  medium  of  information  on  questions  of 
law,  administration,  and  public  policy,  colonial  and  for- 
eign affairs,  industrial  arts  and  sciences,  popular  litera- 
ture, etc."  E.  M.  Haines,  who  established  the  paper,  was 
editor  and  publisher  in  1880.  Legal  Adviser  Publishing 
Co.,  publishers. 

LEGAL  NEWS,  1869-1912:  A  weekly  paper  devoted  to 
legal  interests.  Myra  Bradwell  was  the  founder  and  was 
editor  at  the  beginning,  and  for  twenty-five  years.  She 
was  succeeded  by  J.  B.  Bradwell  in  1894,  and  the  Chi- 
cago Legal  News  Company  were  publishers.  For  several 


^ubliratinna  183 


years  J.  B.  Bradwell  and  B.  B.  Helmer  were  editors.  Since 
the  death  of  J.  B.  Bradwell  in  November,  1907,  B.  Brad- 
well  Helmer  has  been  the  editor.  The  Chicago  Legal 
News  Company  are  still  publishers. 

LIETUVA:  Established  in  1892,  by  Stanislaus  Rokosh,  to 
inculcate  an  interest  in  the  Lithuanian  language  by  those 
speaking  it.  At  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  John 
Grinius  was  the  editor.  Few  issues  of  the  paper  under  the 
original  management  were  made  and  it  was  sold  to  Vincent 
Zaliauckas,  he  continuing  it  for  a  brief  period  and  after- 
ward sold  it  to  Peter  Zacharewicz  and  Simon  Lelash.  In 
1893  the  Lietuva  was  bought  by  its  present  owner,  A. 
Olszewski,  who  became  its  editor  and  publisher.  Owing  to 
the  lack  of  familiarity  with  the  language  it  was  difficult  to 
secure  compositors  competent  to  set  the  type,  and  it  was 
found  necessary  to  utilize  Polish  printers  to  do  the  work 
until  a  force  could  be  properly  trained  in  the  Lithuanian 
language.  In  1896  Mr.  Olszewski  enlarged  his  paper  and 
brought  an  experienced  editor  from  Europe,  and  Lietuva  is 
now  admitted  to  be  the  leading  publication  in  the  United 
States  in  that  language.  In  1906  the  proprietor  erected  a 
large  structure  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-third  and  Halsted 
streets  which  is  devoted  to  the  printing  of  works  in  Lithu- 
anian, many  important  books  having  been  published,  with 
others  in  process  of  completion.  A  thoroughly  appointed 
establishment,  with  modern  equipment,  has  been  installed 
by  Mr.  Olszewski  and  his  publication  has  been  greatly  en- 
larged since  it  was  taken  hold  of  by  him. 

LIFE  AND  LABOR,  1911-1912:  Issued  under  the  auspices 
of  the  National  Women's  Trade  Union  League  of  America. 
The  publication  is  devoted  to  the  organization  of  women 
engaged  in  the  industries,  and  is  issued  monthly.  Office  of 
publication,  Room  901,  No.  127  North  Dearborn  street. 
Alice  Henry,  editor;  S.  M.  Franklin,  assistant  editor; 
Frances  S.  Potter,  departmental  editor;  Mrs.  Raymond 
Robins,  associate  editor.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per 
year. 


184  iUltHrrUanfnua  fJuhltrattona 


LIGHT  AND  LIFE  EVANGEL:  Established  in  1912  to  oc- 
cupy the  field  of  four  monthlies,  purchased  by  the  Free 
Methodist  Publishing  House  in  1897,  and  one  quarterly 
established  in  1902.  Published  by  S.  K.  J.  Chesbro  until 
1907;  by  W.  B.  Rose  to  date  (1912).  Subscription  price, 
60  cents  per  year. 

L'ITALIA:  Founded  April  28,  1886,  by  Oscar  Durante, 
its  editor,  who  has  remained  in  that  capacity  since.  The 
paper  was  started  as  a  four-column  folio  and  is  now  a 
seven-column  publication  of  eight  pages.  Published 
weekly,  but  in  times  of  important  news  events  it  is  issued 
more  frequently.  Business  office  and  editorial  rooms, 
Northeast  corner  Harrison  and  Federal  streets.  L'ltalia 
embraces  a  general  review  of  Italian  events  occurring  in 
that  country  as  well  as  in  the  new  world.  It  is  conceded 
both  by  Italians  and  Americans  to  be  among  the  most  in- 
fluential publications  in  the  Italian  language  in  the  coun- 
try, and  has  a  constantly  increasing  patronage.  Mr.  Oscar 
Durante  is  of  ripe  scholarly  attainments  and  exerts  a 
power  for  good  among  his  fellow  countrymen.  Subscrip- 
tion price,  $2.00  per  year. 

LITERARY  BUDGET,  1852-1855:  Published  monthly  by 
William  W.  Danenhower.  Changed  to  a  weekly  in  1854, 
B.  F.  Taylor  as  editor.  The  paper  continued  until  1855, 
when  its  founder  announced  that  its  suspension  was  at 
hand,  and  a  paper  called  the  Native  Citizen  would  take 
its  place.  This  undertaking  was  a  strong  advocate  of  the 
"Native  American"  idea,  but  changing  party  alignments 
soon  left  it  without  support  and  it  ceased  publication. 

LITTLE  CORPORAL,  1865-1875:  Monthly  juvenile  mag- 
azine. Originally  founded  to  promote  the  Sanitary  Fair 
of  July,  1865,  and  from  the  prominence  given  the  first 
issues  the  publication  became  widely  read.  Alfred  L. 
Sewell  was  its  founder  and  continued  as  its  publisher  for 
several  years.  Mrs.  Emily  Huntington  Miller  from  1868 
to  1875  was  the  editor  of  the  periodical,  and  it  was  the 


JJubltrattntui  185 


pioneer  of  the  class  of  juvenile  papers  now  so  numerous. 
Suspended  in  1875. 

LITTLE  FOLKS,  1869-1877:  Monthly  magazine  of  illus- 
trated juvenile  literature.  Adams,  Blackmer  &  Lyon  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  publishers. 

LIVING  CHURCH,  1878-1907:  Devoted  to  the  interests 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  Established  by  Rev.  Samuel  S. 
Harris,  D.  D.,  and  the  Rev.  John  Fulton,  D.  D.  The 
paper  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Leffingwell, 
D.  D.,  1879,  and  he  was  editor  and  publisher  until  1900. 
In  1907  the  paper  was  removed  to  Milwaukee,  where  it  is 
still  published. 

LOGAN  SQUARE  HERALD,  1910-1912:  Issued  from  No. 
3414  Fullerton  avenue.  B.  F.  Stevens,  Jr.,  publisher. 
Originally  started  as  a  semi-monthly  juvenile  enterprise, 
but  is  now  published  weekly. 

LUMBER  WORLD  REVIEW,  1912:  A  combination  of  the 
Lumber  World,  Chicago,  established  in  1905,  and  the  Lum- 
ber Review  of  Kansas  City,  started  in  1897.  Published  by 
the  Lumber  Review  Co.,  Transportation  Building,  No.  608 
South  Dearborn  street,  on  the  10th  and  25th  of  each  month. 
Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year.  Boiling  Arthur  John- 
son, editor;  L.  E.  Fuller  and  George  R.  Ford,  associate 
editors.  Each  issue  of  the  Lumber  World  Review  embraces 
from  68  to  100  or  more  pages.  Covers  all  branches  of  lum- 
ber manufacturing  and  distribution. 

L'UNIONE  ITALIANO,  1867-1869:  Published  weekly  by 
the  Italo-  American  Printing  Co. 

LUTHERISCHE  KmcHENFREUND,  1869-1881:  A  German 
Lutheran  publication.  In  1877  and  1880  Rev.  J.  D.  Sev- 
eringhaus  was  editor;  Severinghaus  &  Co.,  publishers. 

MACHINERY  LIST,  1900-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the 
interest  of  sawmill  and  woodworking  machinery.  Published 
by  A.  H.  Hitchcock,  Suite  1220-1235  Caxton  Building. 

MANFORD'S     MAGAZINE,     1856-1881:        A     Universalist 


186  UJt0rHlatt*nuH  fhibltrattottH 

monthly.     Rev.  Erasmus  Manford  and  Mrs.  Manford  were 
editors  and  publishers. 

MANUFACTURERS'  NEWS,  1912:  Published  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  manufacturing  industries  of  Illinois.  Glenn  & 
Co.,  publishers.  Issued  weekly.  Office  of  publication, 
Suite  935  American  Trust  Building.  Subscription  price, 
$3.00  per  year.  The  Manufacturers'  News  embraces  in 
each  issue  from  20  to  40  pages,  and  contains  articles  of 
import  relating  to  modern  methods  of  production,  and  bear- 
ing upon  the  relationship  of  manufacturers  to  the  state  and 
nation.  John  M.  Glenn  is  president  of  the  company. 

MARKET  REVIEW  AND  PRICE  CURRENT,  1860-1871: 
Listed  in  the  city  directories  of  1860  and  1871  as  a  weekly, 
published  by  P.  L.  and  J.  H.  Wells. 

MASONIC  CHRONICLER:  Established  in  1898  as  a  monthly, 
subsequently  issued  weekly,  it  becoming  the  pioneer 
Masonic  publication  appearing  in  this  form  in  the  Illinois 
jurisdiction.  In  1907  the  Chronicler  was  purchased  by 
Jason  R.  Lewis,  a  prominent  Mason  and  a  newspaper  man 
of  experience,  he  assuming  charge  of  the  editorial  depart- 
ment. Since  Mr.  Lewis'  advent  the  Chronicler  has  taken 
its  place  as  an  influential  craft  publication,  its  circulation 
being  conceded  to  be  the  largest  of  any  Masonic  journal  in 
the  country.  Many  features  have  been  instituted  by  Mr. 
Lewis  which  add  to  its  excellence  as  an  exponent  of  the 
ancient  rite,  and  the  publication  covers  a  wide  field  in 
Masonic  activities.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

MASONIC  RECORD,  1873-1878:  Carson  and  Barnard 
were  publishers  in  1873;  Carson  and  Lamberson  in  1874; 
C.  H.  Carson  &  Co.,  publishers,  1878. 

MEDICAL  INVESTIGATOR,  1860-1875:  Bi-monthly  Ho- 
meopathic journal.  At  the  close  of  1866  it  became  a 
strictly  professional  monthly,  with  Dr.  T.  C.  Duncan  as 
its  editor.  In  1875  it  was  merged  with  the  United  States 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

MEDICAL   STANDARD,    1885-1912:      Published   by   G.   P. 


187 


Englehard  &  Co.,  No.  357  South  Dearborn  street,  Chicago. 
Devoted  to  the  science  and  practice  of  medicine.  Founded 
in  1885.  Issued  monthly.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per 
year. 

MEDICAL  TIMES,  1869-1907:  Devoted  to  the  Eclectic 
School  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  In  1885  H.  S.  Tucker 
was  publisher.  In  1907  Dr.  Finley  Ellingwood  was  editor 
and  publisher. 

MERCHANTS'  RECORD  AND  SHOW  WINDOW,  1903-1912: 
Illustrated  monthly  issued  in  the  interest  of  the  merchant 
and  window  decorator,  by  the  Merchants'  Record  Co.,  pub- 
lishers, from  No.  431  South  Dearborn  street.  Thos.  A. 
Bird,  editor.  This  publication  is  the  successor  of  the  Show 
Window,  founded  in  1897.  Under  the  present  management 
four  publications  have  been  absorbed  that  treated  the  sub- 
ject of  window  trimming  in  their  papers. 

MIDA'S  CRITERION:  Established  in  1884.  Semi-monthly. 
Devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  wine,  liquor  and  beer  trade 
of  the  United  States.  Published  by  the  Criterion  Publish- 
ing Co.  William  Mida,  editor-in-chief.  Office  of  publica- 
tion, No.  537  South  Dearborn  street.  Subscription  price, 
$5.00  per  year.  Mida's  Criterion  covers  every  branch  of 
the  distilling  trade  in  the  United  States. 

MILL  SUPPLIES,  1911-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the  in- 
terest of  jobbers  and  manufacturers  of  mill,  steam,  mine 
and  machinery  supplies.  Published  by  the  Crawford  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  Ellsworth  Building,  Dearborn  and  Harrison 
streets.  Elmer  Crawford,  editor-in-chief.  Clayton  C. 
Cooper,  managing  editor.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per 
year. 

MIRROR  OF  FASHIONS,  1877-1880:  An  advertising  pub- 
lication sheet.  In  1880  J.  D.  Goodrich  and  Co.,  were 
publishers. 

MISSIONAREN,  1870-1877:  Published  by  the  Norwegian 
and  Danish  Methodists.  The  editors  were:  Rev.  A.  Haag- 
ensen,  Rev  J.  H.  Johnson,  and  Rev.  K.  Schon. 


188 


MISSIONARY  TIDINGS:  Established  in  1897.  S.  K.  J. 
Chesbro,  publisher.  From  1907  to  1912  W.  B.  Rose  was 
publisher.  Illustrated  monthly.  Subscription  price,  50 
cents  per  year. 

MISSIONS  VANNEN,  1874-1912:  Founded  originally  as  a 
religious  monthly  published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Swed- 
ish Mission  Synod.  In  1880  the  publication  was  changed  to 
a  religious  political  weekly,  and  in  1882  a  corporation 
known  as  the  Missions  Friends  Publishing  Co.  took  over 
the  paper.  The  editorial  staff  embraces  Rev.  O.  Hogfeldt, 
Rev.  A.  Johnson  and  A.  P.  Boring.  Business  manager,  C. 
G.  Petterson.  Mission  Vannen  is  a  religious  paper  advo- 
cating the  free  church  movement  which  had  its  inception 
almost  a  century  ago  in  the  state  church  of  Sweden,  and 
urges  temperance  and  moral  reform. 

MONUMENTAL  NEWS,  1889-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the 
interest  of  the  marble  and  granite  industry,  by  R.  J.  Haight, 
publisher.  Office  of  publication,  No.  440  South  Dearborn 
street.  The  Monumental  News  is  an  important  exponent  of 
the  art  associated  with  the  creation  of  artistic  monuments. 
John  W.  Weston  and  O.  H.  Sample,  editors. 

MORNING  HERALD,  1879:  Started  as  an  exponent  of 
the  principles  of  Democracy  and  had  but  a  brief  existence. 
Lack  of  capital  and  internal  strife  caused  the  paper's 
suspension.  Wm.  Burgess  had  some  interest  in  the  paper 
in  the  latter  portion  of  the  undertaking's  career. 

MORNING  POST,  1860-1865:  Daily  and  weekly.  Es- 
tablished by  James  W.  Sheahan,  Andre  Matteson,  and 
Francis  A.  Eastman  as  a  Democratic  paper,  friendly  to 
Stephen  A.  Douglas.  It  was  edited  by  J.  W.  Sheahan, 
1862-1865,  and  published  by  the  Chicago  Post  Company. 
In  1863  it  became  the  Post  and  continued  so  until  1865. 
In  that  year  Sheahan  and  Matteson  were  editors  and 
F.  A.  Eastman  was  manager.  The  latter  disposed  of  his 
interest  to  William  Pigott  in  1862,  and  the  paper  finally 
was  transferred  to  a  number  of  individuals  who  changed 
the  name  to  that  of  Republican  in  1865.  From  this  un- 


jHi0rrlUm?0it0  Publtrattnna  189 

dertaking  came  the  present  Inter  Ocean,  sponsored  by  J. 
Young  Scammon.  A  new  Post  was  shortly  started  and 
continued  to  issue  until  the  franchise  was  purchased  by 
the  Daily  News  in  1878. 

MORNING  STAR,  1875-1879:  A  Baptist  weekly,  founded 
at  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  in  1826.  According  to  the 
directories  it  was  dated  for  Boston  and  Chicago,  1875- 
1879.  In  1875  George  T.  Day  was  editor;  I.  D.  Stewart, 
publisher.  G.  F.  Mosher  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Huling  were 
editors,  1876-1879. 

MOTOR  AGE,  1899-1912:  Leading  automobile  publica- 
tion in  the  United  States.  Issued  weekly  by  the  Class 
Journal  Company,  No.  910  South  Michigan  avenue.  Branch 
office,  No.  239  West  Thirty-ninth  street,  New  York  City. 
Subscription  price,  $3.00  per  year.  The  Motor  Age  is  is- 
sued with  an  eye  to  adequately  cover  all  branches  of  the 
automobile  industry,  each  issue  embracing  from  150  pages 
to  400  pages  on  special  occasions.  These  editions  require 
from  one  ton  to  four  tons  of  paper,  and  from  100  pounds 
to  1,500  pounds  of  printing  ink  for  the  different  issues. 
Hundreds  of  workmen  are  engaged  on  these  regular  editions 
of  the  Motor  Age. 

MOTORCYCLING,  1910-1912:  Issued  weekly.  A  publica- 
tion for  the  promotion  of  the  motor-cycle  industry.  Pub- 
lication office,  No.  538  South  Dearborn  street.  Subscrip- 
tion rates,  $2.00  per  year.  Each  number  of  MotorCycling 
embraces  from  48  to  64  or  more  pages.  Editor,  T.  J.  Sulli- 
van; associate  editors,  W.  M.  Gladish,  Murry  Fahnestock, 
D.  R.  Hix.  Business  manager,  W.  D.  Collender. 

MUSEUM  AND  HOTEL  REGISTER,  1864-1873:  Daily. 
R.  V.  Kennedy,  publisher  in  1869.  In  1873  the  Evening 
Mail  Co.  were  publishers. 

Music  NEWS,  1908-1912:  Devoted  to  the  dissemination 
of  music  news  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  in  many 
foreign  countries.  Chas.  E.  Watt,  editor  and  publisher. 
Issued  monthly.  Office  of  publication,  Kimball  Hall. 


190  ffluirrlluttrmtii 


MUSICAL  INDEPENDENT,  1868-1873:  A  monthly  devoted 
to  musical  interests.  W.  S.  B.  Mathews,  editor,  and  Lyon 
&  Healy,  publishers. 

MYSTIC  STAR,  July,  1864-1874:  A  monthly,  devoted 
to  Masonry.  In  the  period  which  this  periodical  covered 
there  were  many  changes  in  the  editors  and  publishers. 
In  1874  the  Mystic  Star  Co.  were  the  publishers. 

NAR  OCH  FJERRAN,  1874-1879:  A  Swedish  illustrated 
monthly  published  at  the  Hemlandet  office,  1874-1877. 
Enan  der  &  Bohman  were  editors  in  1877. 

NARODNI  NOVING,  1868-1870:  A  Bohemian  weekly  pub- 
lication. Joseph  Sladek  was  editor  in  1870;  T.  B.  Beloh- 
radsky  was  publisher. 

NATIONAL  BOARD  OF  TRADE,  1877-1879:  Published 
weekly.  E.  A.  Saxby  was  editor  in  1878;  M.  T.  Lane  was 
editor,  the  National  Board  of  Trade  Publishing  Co.,  were 
publishers,  1879. 

NATIONAL  BUILDER:  (Builder  and  Woodworker,  1864; 
National  Builder,  1885;  consolidated  in  1896.)  Issued 
monthly.  Office  of  publication,  No.  537  South  Dearborn 
street.  Published  by  the  Porter-Hodgson  Co.  F.  T.  Hodg- 
son, editor;  C.  A.  Miller,  associate  editor.  Subscription 
price,  $1.50  per  year. 

NATIONAL  CAR  BUILDER,  1870-1881:  A  monthly  devoted 
to  mechanics.  It  was  dated  from  New  York  and  Chicago. 
In  1876  James  Gillett  was  editor  and  Dinsmore  &  Co. 
were  publishers.  Became  consolidated  with  National  Car 
and  Locomotive  Builder,  and  in  1896  was  merged  in  the 
American  Engineer  and  Railroad  Journal. 

NATIONAL  DEMOCRAT,  1855-1860:  A  daily  Douglas  pa- 
per; edited  by  Dr.  Ignatius  Koch,  published  by  J.  E.  Com- 
mitti.  Later  editors  were  Koch  and  Schade,  then  Koch 
and  Froehlich;  later  publishers  were  Michael  Diversey, 
then  Fritz  Becker. 

NATIONAL  DEMOKRAT,  1876-1877:  A  German  Demo- 
cratic paper,  published  daily  except  Sunday.  George 


iltarfUanrnu0  ^PubltratwnH  191 


Braham  was  business  manager  in  1877.  It  was  said  to 
be  the  official  organ  of  the  city  and  county,  to  have  a 
larger  circulation  than  any  other  German  Democratic  pa- 
per in  the  west,  and  to  be  the  only  German  Democratic 
paper  published  in  Chicago. 

NATIONAL  ENGINEER,  1897-1912:  Issued  monthly  by 
the  National  Association  of  Stationary  Engineers,  No.  417 
South  Dearborn  street.  John  W.  Lane,  editor;  A.  J.  Dixon, 
associate  editor;  R.  W.  Larkin,  manager.  Devoted  exclu- 
sively to  power  plant  engineering  and  allied  interests. 

NATIONAL  FARMER,  1875  to  date  (1879):  A  monthly 
publication  issued  from  the  office  of  Factory  and  Farm. 
M.  E.  Cole  was  editor,  and  Fox,  Cole,  and  Company  were 
publishers  in  1879. 

NATIONAL  FINANCE:  Monthly  publication,  devoted  to 
the  exposition  of  high-grade  investments  throughout  the 
United  States.  The  National  Finance  succeeded  another 
publication  and  was  first  published  under  the  present  title 
the  latter  part  of  1904.  Wells  Goodhue  has  been  editor 
and  publisher  from  the  first  issue.  Office  of  publication, 
Suite  1652-3  Monadnock  Block. 

NATIONAL  HARNESS  REVIEW:  Established  in  1879.  Jef- 
ferson Jackson,  editor  and  publisher.  The  National  Har- 
ness Review  is  the  oldest  publication  in  the  United  States 
devoted  exclusively  to  the  harness  trade.  Published 
monthly  at  No.  542  South  Dearborn  street.  In  every- 
thing which  makes  for  the  advance  of  the  saddlery  in- 
dustry as  well  as  for  its  collateral  branches  the  National 
Harness  Review  has  for  a  generation  been  a  potent  factor 
in  the  business.  In  the  center  of  distributing  activity  the 
field  of  a  publication  in  the  harness  industry  is  a  broad 
one,  and  this  has  been  covered  by  the  Review,  its  editor 
and  founder  extending  its  circulation  throughout  the  coun- 
try as  well  as  in  foreign  lands.  The  policy  of  the  Re- 
view has  been  along  the  line  of  the  greatest  good  to  the 
greatest  number.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 


192 


NATIONAL  HAY  AND  GRAIN  REPORTER,  1900-1912:  Orig- 
inally started  in  Chicago,  but  subsequently  moved  to  De- 
catur,  111.,  and  merged  with  the  Grain  Man's  Guide.  In 
1909  the  paper  was  purchased  by  J.  Carver  Strong  and  J. 
Ralph  Pickell  and  transferred  to  Chicago.  Mr.  Strong  is 
the  manager,  and  Mr.  Pickell  is  the  editor,  with  staff  corre- 
spondents in  leading  terminal  markets.  Issued  fortnightly. 

NATIONAL  HOTEL  REPORTER,  1872-1912:  Published 
daily.  Frank  Glossop  &  Co.  were  editors  and  publishers 
in  1873;  Scott  and  Rice  were  editors  and  publishers  in 
1876-1880.  F.  W.  Rice  editor  and  publisher  in  1907. 

NATIONAL  JEWELER,  1906-1912:  Founded  in  1906. 
Published  by  G.  P.  Englehard  &  Co.,  at  No.  537  South 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago.  Issued  in  the  interest  of  the 
various  branches  of  the  jewelry  trade.  Subscription  price, 
$1.00  per  annum.  A  publication  claiming  to  have  the 
largest  circulation  in  the  world  of  any  paper  devoted  to 
the  jewelry  trade. 

NATIONAL  LAUNDRY  JOURNAL,  1878-1912:  A  semi- 
monthly publication  devoted  to  the  laundry  trade.  Charles 
Dowst  was  the  founder  and  publisher  from  the  beginning 
of  the  undertaking.  In  1907  the  title  of  the  publishers 
was  changed  to  Dowst  Bros.  Co.  The  National  Laundry 
Journal  is  the  first  paper  to  be  published  in  the  interest 
of  the  laundry  trade,  and  it  is  the  official  organ  of  the 
National  Association  of  Laundrymen. 

NATIONAL  LIVE  STOCK  JOURNAL,  1870-1888:  A  monthly 
devoted  to  live  stock  interests.  John  P.  Reynolds  was 
editor  and  George  W.  Rust  &  Co.  were  editors  and  pub- 
lishers, 1873-1875.  J.  H.  Sanders  was  editor  till  1882, 
and  the  Stock  Journal  Co.  were  publishers. 

NATIONAL  PRINTER  JOURNALIST,  1897-1912:  Official 
journal  of  the  National  Editorial  Association.  Issued 
monthly  from  4618  West  Ravenswood  Park.  B.  B.  Her- 
bert, editor.  The  periodical  is  published  in  the  interest  of 
printing  and  allied  trades.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per 
year. 


JJubltratuma  193 


NATIONAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  TEACHER,  1869-1881:  Rev. 
Edward  Eggleston  was  editor,  1870-1873.  M.  C.  Hazard 
was  editor  from  1874  until  after  1880.  Adams,  Black- 
mer  &  Lyon,  publishers. 

NATIVE  AMERICAN,  1855-1856:  Founded  by  W.  W. 
Danenhower  in  advocacy  of  the  principles  of  the  Native 
American  party,  but  the  small  recognition  which  the  can- 
didate for  President,  Millard  Fillmore,  received  in  1856 
showed  the  utter  fallacy  of  the  policy  and  the  paper  proved 
a  failure. 

NEW  CHURCH  INDEPENDENT  AND  REVIEW,  1853-1880: 
A  monthly,  devoted  to  Swedenborgian  interests.  John 
S.  Weller  was  editor  and  Weller  and  Metcalf  were  pub- 
lishers from  1874  to  1880. 

NEW  COVENANT,  1848-1886:  A  Universalist  publica- 
tion. Edited  by  Rev.  W.  E.  Mauley  and  Rev.  J.  M.  Day, 
1848-1849;  S.  P.  Skinner,  1849-1855;  L.  B.  Mason,  1855- 
1859;  D.  R.  Livermore  and  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Livermore  were 
the  editors  from  1859  to  1869.  In  1869,  Rev.  J.  W.  Han- 
son, D.  D.,  and  Rev.  Selden  Gilbert  became  owners.  The 
Star  of  the  West  of  Cincinnati,  was  consolidated  with  the 
New  Covenant  in  1880,  the  name  becoming  Star  and 
Covenant,  and  the  publication  being  continued  in  Chicago. 
In  December,  1883,  the  Universalist  Publishing  House  of 
Boston,  bought  the  paper  and  changed  its  name  to  Uni- 
versalist. In  May,  1884,  Rev.  J.  S.  Cantwell  became 
editor. 

NEW  WORLD,  1863-1873:  New  World  Co.,  publishers. 
J.  and  C.  P.  Russell,  editors.  Devoted  to  the  cause  of  tem- 
perance. Not  connected  with  the  publication  of  the  pres- 
ent issued  under  the  same  name. 

NEW  WORLD,  1892-1912:  Published  weekly  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  Catholic  faith  by  the  Catholic  Press  Co.,  New 
World  Building,  No.  1122  South  Wabash  avenue.  Dr. 
Thomas  O'Hagan.  editor.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per 
year. 


194 jBiBrrllanrnuH  jlubliratuina 

NEWSPAPER  UNION,  1871-1878:  Established  by  the  Chi- 
cago Newspaper  Union.  Samuel  H.  Williams,  editor. 
Chas.  E.  Strong,  manager. 

NORDEN,  1874-1881:  A  Norwegian  paper,  Hallward 
Hande  was  editor,  and  I.  T.  Relling  &  Co.  were  publishers. 

NORTHWEST  ADVERTISER,  1910-1912:  Published  by  Tal- 
cott,  Talcott  &  Tillinghast,  from  No.  2445  Armitage  avenue. 
Issued  free  for  advertising  purposes. 

NORTHWESTERN  BAPTIST,  1842-1844:  Semi-monthly. 
Edited  by  Thos.  Powell.  First  religious  publication  issued 
in  Chicago. 

NORTHWESTERN  CHRISTIAN  ADVOCATE,  1853-1912:  A 
weekly,  edited  by  James  V.  Watson,  1853-1856;  Rev. 
Thos.  M.  Eddy,  1856-1868.  In  1868  the  editorship  was 
given  to  Rev.  John  Morrison  Reid.  Mr.  Reid  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1872  by  Arthur  Edwards,  D.  D.  David  D. 
Thompson  was  editor  1901-1908;  Charles  M.  Stuart  in 
1909.  Hitchcock  and  Walden  were  publishers  from  be- 
fore 1869  until  1880,  with  Dr.  Luke  Hitchcock  as  man- 
ager. In  1880  Walden  and  Stowe  became  publishers; 
Jennings  &  Graham  are  publishers  at  this  date. 

NORTHWESTERN  CHURCH,  1862-1865:  An  Episcopal 
church  paper.  Rev.  Thomas  Smith,  publisher. 

NORTH-WESTERN  COMMERCIAL  TRAVELER,  1878-1881: 
A  commercial  monthly.  Edited  and  published  by  Hatch 
&  Chase. 

NORTHWESTERN  EDUCATOR  AND  MAGAZINE  OF  LITERA- 
TURE AND  SCIENCE,  1847-1849:  A  monthly,  edited  and 
published  by  James  L.  Enos  and  D.  L.  Curtiss.  Devoted 
to  education  and  the  principles  of  practical  instruction. 

NORTH-WESTERN  FARMER,  1866-1869:  A  monthly  ag- 
ricultural publication.  The  North-Western  Farmer  Co., 
editors  and  publishers. 

NORTHWESTERN  JOURNAL  OF  HOMEOPATHIA,  1848-1852: 
Monthly.  Edited  and  published  by  Dr.  George  E.  Ship- 


^ubltrattona  195 


NORTH-WESTERN  LUMBERMAN,  1873-1898:  Published 
in  the  interest  of  the  lumber  trade.  Judson,  Dicey  &  Co., 
publishers  in  1875,  and  the  Lumberman  Publishing  Co. 
were  publishers  in  1880.  In  1898  the  name  was  changed 
to  American  Lumberman,  and  in  1899  the  Timberman 
was  taken  over  and  merged  with  the  American  Lumber- 
man. (See  sketch  elsewhere.) 

NORTHWESTERN  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  JOURNAL,  1848- 
1857:  In  1849  W.  B.  Herrick  and  John  Evans  appeared 
as  editors.  Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  became  editor  in  May,  1854, 
with  Dr.  Johnson  assistant,  and  A.  B.  Case,  publisher, 
who  in  1856  was  succeeded  by  Robert  Fergus.  In  1857 
Dr.  Davis  was  sole  editor. 

NORTHWESTERN  MONEY  REPORTER,  1860:  Listed  in 
the  city  directory  of  1860  as  weekly,  semi-monthly,  and 
monthly. 

NORTHWESTERN  PRAIRIE  FARMER,  October  7,  1858  to 
date  (1860):  Established  by  James  C.  Medill,  editor,  and 
William  S.  Honnold,  publisher. 

NORTHWESTERN  PRESBYTERIAN,  1857-1869:  A  weekly 
edited  and  published  in  1869  by  Rev.  E.  E.  Erskine  and 
Rev.  David  McKinney.  Rev.  J.  B.  McClure  was  asso- 
ciate editor. 

NORTHWESTERN  REVIEW,  1867-1874:  A  weekly  paper, 
devoted  to  insurance.  In  1870  and  1871  it  was  published 
monthly.  It  became  weekly  again  in  1872.  R.  R.  Dear- 
den  was  editor  and  publisher,  1870-1874.  In  1872  the 
title  was  give  as  Northwestern  Weekly  Review. 

NOVA  DOBA,  1868  to  date  (1871):  A  weekly  Bohemian 
publication.  Joseph  Pastor  was  editor  and  the  Bohemian 
Printing  and  Publishing  Company  were  publishers  in 
1871. 

NYA  SVENSKA  AMERIKANAREN,  1873-1876:  Edited  by 
Magnus  Elmblad,  then  Gottfried  Cronwall,  then,  1874,  by 
A.  L.  Gyllenhaal,  and  later  by  him  and  Herman  Roos  till 
it  was  sold  to  Mattson.  Under  the  Swedish  Publishing 


196 iliargUangimH  ffiubliratum0 

Co.,   Nya   Verlden   and   Skandia   of   Moline   were  united 
and  consolidated  with  Nya  Verlden. 

NYA  VERLDEN,  1871-1876:  Moved  to  Chicago  from 
Galva,  where  it  had  been  established  in  January,  1869, 
as  Illinois  Swede  by  Eric  Johnson.  Andrew  Chaiser 
and  C.  F.  Peterson  became  partners,  and  the  name  was 
changed  to  Nya  Verlden.  In  Chicago  P.  A.  Sundelius 
became  co-editor  with  Peterson;  Johnson  soon  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Chaiser.  After  the  fire  the  paper  was  published 
in  Galesburg  until  March,  1872.  Herman  Roos  became 
associate  editor  with  Peterson  in  1873.  In  1876  the  paper 
was  turned  over  to  the  Swedish  Publishing  Co.,  which  com- 
bined Svenska  Americanaren  with  Nya  Verlden  and  be- 
gan Svenska  Tribunen. 

OCCIDENT,  1873-1895:  Jewish  weekly.  Devoted  to 
general  news,  literature,  science,  art,  and  the  interest  of 
the  Hebrews  of  the  Northwest.  Julius  Silversmith,  M.A., 
was  editor  and  proprietor,  1873-1895.  Occident  Publish- 
ing Co.,  publishers. 

OFFICE  APPLIANCES,  1904-1912:  Issued  monthly  by  the 
Office  Appliance  Co.,  No.  417  South  Dearborn  street. 
Originally  established  in  New  York,  and  in  1905  was  moved 
to  Chicago.  George  H.  Patterson  was  president  of  the 
company  until  his  death  in  1908;  Evan  Johnson  succeeded 
to  the  presidency  and  is  now  editor  of  the  publication;  A.  H. 
Hitchcock,  vice-president;  N.  W.  Tupper,  secretary.  De- 
voted to  modern  office  equipment. 

OLIVE  WREATH,  January,  1867-1869:  An  Odd  Fel- 
lows' monthly.  W.  J.  Chaplin  was  editor  and  publisher, 
1867-1869.  This  magazine  was  consolidated  with  Odd 
Fellows'  Wreath,  Detroit,  and  Western  Odd  Fellow. 

OUR  BOYS'  AND  GIRLS'  OWN,  1873-1875:  A  monthly 
publication.  J.  A.  Densmore  was  editor  and  publisher 
in  1875. 

OUR  FIRESIDE   FRIEND,   1872-1875:     A  weekly  literary 


197 


magazine.      Waters,   Evert  &   Co.,   editors.      A.   P.   Miller 
was  publisher  in  1875. 

OUR  NEW  EMPIRE,  1878-1879:  A  monthly  publication, 
E.  H.  Briggs  and  W.  W.  Fithian  were  editors. 

PAINT  AND  VARNISH  RECORD:  Issued  semi-monthly. 
Paint  and  Varnish  Record  Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  Pub- 
lication office,  Republic  Building,  State  and  Adams  streets. 
J.  Milton  Head,  editor.  Subscription  price,  $2.00  per  year. 
Devoted  to  the  paint  and  varnish  manufacturers,  linseed 
crushers  and  allied  industries. 

PARK  AND  CEMETERY,  1891-1912:  The  name  under  which 
this  publication  was  started  was  "Modern  Cemetery."  R.  J. 
Haight,  publisher.  This  periodical  is  believed  to  be  the 
only  one  published  in  which  the  interests  of  cemeteries  are 
embraced  and  the  subjects  relating  to  their  beautifying  are 
treated.  Issued  monthly. 

PEOPLE'S  WEEKLY,  1871-1883:  An  illustrated  paper 
published  by  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 

PHARMACIST,  September,  1868-1885:  Established  by 
the  Chicago  College  of  Pharmacy.  E.  H.  Sargent  was 
its  first  editor,  afterward  being  succeeded  by  a  number  of 
others.  In  1885  the  Pharmacist  was  merged  with  the 
Western  Druggist,  a  sketch  of  which  is  elsewhere. 

PHENIX,  1871-1909:  Weekly  newspaper.  M.  A.  Ful- 
ler was  editor  and  publisher  in  1872.  In  1907  Frank  E. 
Stanley  was  editor  and  publisher.  In  1909  the  Phenix 
Publishing  Co.  conducted  the  paper  for  a  brief  period, 
later  suspending. 

PIANO  MAGAZINE  AND  Music  INDUSTRY,  1906-1912: 
Originally  published  in  New  York  City  by  the  N.  Y.  Music 
Industry  Corporation;  in  1910  the  magazine  was  moved  to 
Chicago.  M.  G.  Reed,  editor.  E.  S.  Richardson  is  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  Office  of  the  publication,  Suite  538- 
539  Heisen  Building. 

PICTORIAL  ADVERTISER,  1872-1877:  Published  by  the 
Pictorial  Printing  Co.,  John  McGreer,  editor. 


198  ittuirdlunrmu. 


PICTURE  GALLERY  FOR  YOUNG  FOLKS,  1878-1881:  A 
monthly  publication  devoted  to  juvenile  interests.  Mrs. 
D.  N.  Bash  was  editor  and  the  Chicago  Engraving  Co., 
publishers. 

PLATE-MAKERS'  CRITERION,  1905-1912:  Issued  monthly 
in  the  interest  of  plate  makers,  electrotypers,  engravers, 
etc.,  by  the  Ostrander-Seymour  Co.,  publishers,  Tribune 
Building.  Subscription  price,  50  cents  per  year. 

POMEROY'S  DEMOCRAT,  1876-1880:  Established  in  New 
York  by  Mark  M.  Pomeroy  in  1869.  Removed  to  Chi- 
cago in  1876.  Advocated  the  principle  of  the  government 
issuing  money,  or  "greenbacks."  Flourished  for  several 
years,  but  the  idea  gradually  receded  and  the  paper  ceased 
publication. 

POPULAR  ELECTRICITY,  1908-1912:  Issued  monthly  by 
Popular  Electricity  Co.  Henry  Arthur  Young,  editor. 
Devoted  to  popularizing  electricity  through  the  means  of 
articles  dressed  in  non-technical  language.  Subscription 
price,  $1.50  per  year.  Each  issue  of  Popular  Electricity 
embraces  from  100  to  150  pages,  and  has  readers  in  every 
state  and  territory  in  the  United  States  and  in  addition 
circulates  in  many  foreign  countries. 

POPULAR  MECHANICS,  1903-1912:  Published  monthly  by 
Popular  Mechanics  Co.,  No.  318  West  Washington  street. 
H.  H.  Windsor,  editor.  Devoted  to  the  promotion  of  all 
branches  of  mechanical  and  inventive  activities.  Subscrip- 
tion rates,  $1.50  per  year.  The  articles  in  the  Popular 
Mechanics  Magazine  are  written  in  language  that  the  non- 
technical reader  can  readily  grasp  the  subjects  treated, 
popularizing  topics  which  heretofore  were  unknown  to  the 
average  investigator.  The  publication  embraces  each  month 
from  150  to  200  pages. 

POST,  1865-1874:  Established  by  Wm.  Pigott  and  Stan- 
ley G.  Fowler;  in  a  brief  time  was  taken  over  by  David 
Blakely  and  C.  H.  Blakely.  In  1867  Dr.  Chas.  H.  Ray 
became  editor  and  soon  pushed  the  paper  into  prominence. 
In  1873  W.  M.  Taylor  secured  control,  and  in  a  short 


iHir.rrllaunutr.    JJuhlirattints  199 

time  the  paper  was  consolidated  with  the  Mail,  forming 
the  Post  and  Mail.  In  1878  the  Post  franchise  was  sold 
to  the  Daily  News. 

PRACTICAL  ENGINEER:  Founded  in  1896,  in  Phila- 
delphia. In  1908  the  publication  was  taken  over  by  the 
Technical  Publishing  Co.,  and  moved  to  Chicago.  The 
Practical  Engineer  is  published  in  the  interests  of  those 
who  construct,  install  and  operate  power  plant  machinery, 
its  circulation  reaching  into  the  thousands.  Up  to  January, 
1912,  the  Practical  Engineer  was  issued  monthly,  but  is 
now  published  twice  a  month.  Editor-in-chief,  Arthur  L. 
Rice;  associate  editors,  R.  E.  Turner  and  N.  G.  Meade. 
Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  Publication  office,  No. 
537  Dearborn  street.  Officers  of  the  company  are:  E.  R. 
Shaw,  president;  C.  B.  Leech,  vice-president;  Chas.  S. 
Clarke,  secretary;  A.  L.  Rice,  treasurer. 

PRACTICAL  TEACHER,  1877-1881:  Monthly  educational 
journal.  Klein  &  Kimball,  publishers. 

PRAIRIE  FARMER,  1843-1912:  Devoted  to  the  interests 
of  argiculture,  the  Prairie  Farmer  has  been  an  important 
influence  in  the  special  field  it  covers.  A  number  of  prom- 
inent agriculturists  have  been  associated  with  the  publi- 
cation during  its  history.  B.  D.  Butler  is  publisher  and 
president  of  the  company. 

PRAIRIE  HERALD,  1849-1853:  Rev.  G.  S.  F.  Savage 
and  Rev.  A.  L.  Chapin  were  corresponding  editors.  Mr. 
Wight  was  sole  editor,  1851-1853.  From  1846  to  185,3 
the  paper  enunciated  the  doctrines  of  the  New  School 
Presbyterians  and  the  Congregationalists. 

PRESBYTERIAN  RECORDER,  1861-1862:  Lake,  Quinlan 
&  Raymond,  publishers. 

PRESENT  AGE,  1868-1872:  A  weekly  spiritualist  paper. 
D.  M.  Fox,  editor  and  publisher. 

PRESS,  1870-1874:  Horton  &  Leonard,  publishers.  The 
fire  of  1871  caused  the  suspension  of  the  publication,  but 
in  1872  it  was  revived  under  the  name  of  the  Illustrated 


200  JHiHrpllanroitH  ffabliratinns 

Journal,   and  in    1874   it  was   renamed   Illustrated   Press, 
and  published  by  Horton  &  Landon. 

PRESS  CLUB  SCOOP,  1911-1912:  Published  by  the  Chicago 
Press  Club,  from  No.  26  North  Dearborn  street.  Issued 
weekly  under  authority  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Sub- 
scription price,  50  cents  per  year. 

PRICE  CURRENT  AND  MANUFACTURERS'  RECORD,  1866- 
1870:  John  C.  W.  Bailey  and  William  Holly  were  editors 
in  1866.  Bailey  published  the  paper  at  that  time,  and 
during  1869  and  1870  was  both  editor  and  publisher. 

PRIMARY  PAPER:  Published  by  the  Free  Methodist  Pub- 
lishing House  in  1897.  Published  by  S.  K.  J.  Chesbro  till 
1907;  by  W.  B.  Rose  to  date  (1912).  Weekly,  four  pages, 
yearly  subscription,  20  cents. 

PRINTING  PRESS,  1875-1876:  A  quarterly  publication 
for  printers,  journalists,  and  others.  Edited  by  Henry 
R.  Boss  and  published  for  the  Franklin  Society  as  a  means 
of  increasing  the  library  of  that  society. 

PROFITABLE  PAINT,  1911-1912:  Devoted  to  advancing 
the  interests  of  paint  dealers  throughout  the  country. 
Issued  monthly.  Chas.  Barr  Field,  publisher.  Terms  of 
subscription,  50  cents  per  year.  Office  of  publication,  Se- 
curity Building,  Fifth  avenue  and  Madison  street. 

PROGRESSIVE  THINKER,  1889-1912:  Founded  by  John  R. 
Francis,  to  encourage  investigation  into  psychic  phenomena 
and  promote  discussion  of  spiritualism.  From  the  date  of 
establishing  the  paper  until  his  death  in  1910  Mr.  Francis 
was  the  directing  force  which  made  the  publication  an 
influential  factor  in  its  special  field  of  effort.  Upon  the 
demise  of  her  husband  Mrs.  Francis  assumed  the  editorship, 
giving  way  a  few  months  later  to  E.  F.  Cadwallader,  the 
present  editor.  Issued  weekly  from  No.  106  Loomis  street. 
Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

QUID  NUNC,  1842.  D.  S.  Griswold,  editor,  Ellis,  Fer- 
gus &  Co.,  publishers.  It  is  claimed  this  paper  was  the 
first  one-cent  publication  in  the  West.  Was  short  lived. 


201 


RAILROADER  AND  RAILWAY  ENTERPRISE,  1878-1879: 
Published  monthly.  Railroader  Publishing  Co.,  publishers. 

RAILROAD  CONDUCTOR'S  BROTHERHOOD  MAGAZINE,  1876- 
1880:.  J.  W.  Boyles,  editor  and  publisher. 

RAILROAD  GAZETTE,  1863-1882:  Established  by  Stan- 
ley G.  Fowler.  In  1865  A.  N.  Kellogg  became  the  owner, 
Fowler  remaining  as  editor.  S.  Wright  Dunning  and 
M.  N.  Forney  were  editors  and  publishers  from  1873  to 
1883.  In  1882  the  paper  was  moved  to  New  York.  In 
1908  the  Gazette  was  merged  with  the  Railway  Age  as 
the  Railway  Age  Gazette  and  continues  to  be  issued  under 
that  title. 

RAILWAY  AGE,  1876-1908:  A  weekly  journal  devoted 
to  the  construction,  equipment,  operation,  maintenance, 
and  public  relations  of  railways.  Railway  Age  Publish- 
ing Co.,  publishers.  In  1891  the  Northwestern  Rail- 
roader, published  at  Minneapolis,  was  consolidated  with 
the  Railway  Age,  moved  to  New  York. 

RAILWAY  ENTERPRISE,  1878:  Published  by  Day  K. 
Smith.  It  was  combined  in  1879  with  Railroader,  and 
continued  as  Railroader  and  Railway  Enterprise. 

RAILWAY  JOURNAL:  Published  by  the  Railway  Journal 
Publishing  Co.,  420  Royal  Insurance  Bldg.,  Jackson 
boulevard  and  LaSalle  street.  Established  July,  1898,  in 
St.  Louis,  by  E.  C.  Cook,  its  present  owner  and  editor. 
In  September,  1906,  the  publication  was  moved  to  Chi- 
cago, and  it  it  has  been  printed  in  this  city  since  that 
date.  The  Railway  Journal  is  36  pages,  published 
monthly.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  Circulates 
in  every  state  and  many  foreign  countries.  As  implied 
by  its  title,  the  Railway  Journal  is  devoted  to  matters  of 
general  interest  to  the  railways  and  to  the  advancement 
of  the  transportation  service.  Official  organ  of  the  Amer- 
ican Railway  Tool  Foremen's  Association. 

RAILWAY  MASTER  MECHANIC,  1878-1912:  Devoted  to 
the  interests  of  railroads.  O.  H.  Reynolds  was  editor, 


202  ifltr.rrllunrmir. 


and  Bruce  V.  Crandall  Co.  were  publishers  until  Febru- 
ary, 1909,  when  they  sold  to  the  Railway  List  Co.,  which 
now  publishes  the  paper. 

RAILWAY  PURCHASING  AGENT,  1878-1886:  Edited  and 
published  by  Willard  A.  Smith  in  1879.  Smith  and  Cowles 
were  publishers  in  1880.  United  with  Railway  Master 
Mechanic  in  1886. 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  BUILDING  JOURNAL,  1868-1912:  De- 
voted to  real  estate  and  building.  C.  A.  Smith  was  editor 
and  Hungerford  &  Co.  were  publishers  in  1873-1874. 
Other  changes  in  editorial  and  publishing  responsibility 
took  place,  and  the  paper  was  taken  over  by  the  Real 
Estate  Publishing  Co.,  in  1908. 

REAL  ESTATE  NEWS  LETTER  AND  INSURANCE  MONITOR, 
1857-1858:  Published  monthly  by  Gallaher  &  Gilbert. 
Was  short-lived. 

REAL  ESTATE  REGISTER  OF  THE  NORTHWEST,  1857- 
1858:  Issued  monthly.  Edited  and  published  by  G.  W. 
Yerby  &  Co. 

RECORD,  1872-1879:  Monthly.  H.  V.  Reed  and  C. 
Gardner  were  publishers,  1872-1873.  In  1879  J.  M.  J. 
Gillespie  was  editor  and  proprietor. 

RELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICAL  JOURNAL,  1865-1895:  Devoted 
to  spiritualism.  S.  S.  Jones  was  editor  and  publisher, 
1870-1877,  and  proprietor,  1873-1875.  In  1879  and  1880, 
John  C.  Bundy  was  editor  and  manager. 

REPORTER,  1868-1904:  Established  by  Francis  N.  Nich- 
ols under  the  firm  name  of  Nichols  &  Company.  Mr. 
Nichols  was  editor  and  publisher  until  1878,  and  was 
thereafter  editor  until  1904.  The  Reporter  was  the  pio- 
neer and  for  many  years  the  only  trade  magazine  pub- 
lished in  the  interest  of  the  granite  and  marble  monu- 
mental trade. 

REPUBLICAN,  1842-1844:  Edited  by  A.  R.  Niblo,  1842- 
1843;  F.  W.  Cleveland,  1843-1844.  It  was  established 


$tohliratwm0  20 


to   create   a   public   sentiment    favoring   the   re-election   of 
President   John   Tyler. 

REPUBLICAN,  1865-1872:  Established  by  numerous 
stockholders  residing  in  Chicago  and  throughout  the  state, 
among  whom  were  John  V.  Farwell,  Joseph  K.  C.  For- 
rest and  J.  Young  Scammon,  of  Chicago;  J.  K.  Dubois  and 
Jacob  Bunn,  of  Springfield;  John  Wood,  of  Quincy,  and 
A.  W.  Mack,  of  Kankakee.  The  company  bought  the 
plant  and  franchise  of  the  Morning  Post,  and  engaged 
the  services  of  Chas.  A.  Dana  as  editor.  In  a  brief  time 
Dana  withdrew  and  other  changes  supervened.  In  1870 
Jacob  Bunn  became  sole  owner,  later  disposing  of  his 
interest  to  a  company  consisting  of  Joseph  B.  McCul- 
laugh,  John  R.  Walsh  and  others.  The  fire  of  1871  seri- 
ously crippled  the  paper,  and  in  March,  1872,  J.  Young 
Scammon  took  the  property  and  renamed  the  paper,  call- 
ing it  the  Inter  Ocean,  a  sketch  of  which  is  given  elsewhere. 

RESTITUTION,  1871-1874:  Thomas  Wilson  was  editor 
and  publisher  in  1871.  In  1873-1874  Thomas  Wilson  was 
editor,  and  Wilson,  Pierce  &  Co.  were  publishers.  It 
was  known  as  the  organ  of  Servants  of  Jesus  Christ  in 
1872. 

RETAIL  COALMAN:  Issued  in  the  interests  of  various 
branches  of  the  coal  industry.  Office  of  publication,  Monad- 
nock  Block.  Morton  Hiscox,  business  manager. 

RETAILING,  1904-1912:  Issued  semi-monthly  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  retail  trade.  Published  by  Retail  Publishing  Co. 
Edited  by  Ralph  Borsodi.  Office  of  publication,  Monon 
Building. 

RIGHT  THINKING,  1912  to  date:  Devoted  to  the  ethics  of 
education.  Publication  office,  No.  118  N.  La  Salle  street. 
Edward  Garston  Smith,  editor  and  publisher.  Issued  quar- 
terly. Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

ROCK  PRODUCTS  (established  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  1902)  : 
Devoted  to  concrete  and  manufactured  building  materials. 
Issued  monthly  from  No.  537  South  Dearborn  street.  E. 


204 iBuirrllanmuH  jhiblfeattottg 

H.  Defebaugh,  F.  K.  Irvine,  editors;  Benj.  F.  Lippold, 
managing  editor;  C.  S.  Warner  and  F.  R.  Van  Hamm,  asso- 
ciate editors. 

ROLLINS  MAGAZINE:  Issued  quarterly.  E.  H.  Rollins  & 
Sons,  publishers,  No.  234  South  La  Salle  street.  Herbert 
W.  Briggs,  editor.  Published  in  the  interest  of  conserva- 
tive bond  investors. 

ROUNDS'  PRINTERS  CABINET,  1856-1881:  Published  by 
Rounds  &  Langdon.  In  December,  1856,  there  was  but 
one  other  journal  in  the  United  States  that  was  devoted 
exclusively  to  the  interest  of  the  art  preservative.  It 
continued  for  twenty-five  years  to  be  the  leading  publica- 
tion in  the  display  of  typographical  specimens. 

SANDEBUDET,  1862-1912:  Official  organ  of  the  Swedish 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  America.  Originally 
founded  in  Rockford,  111.,  later  being  moved  to  Chicago. 
Published  by  the  Swedish  Methodist  Book  Concern,  No.  351 
West  Oak  street.  J.  E.  Hillberg  and  M.  L.  Hookert, 
editors.  James  T.  Wigren,  business  manager.  Issued 
weekly.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year.  Two  other 
publications  are  issued  by  the  Swedish  Book  Concern,  viz., 
Sondagsskol-Baneret,  a  weekly,  and  Epworth-Klockan,  a 
semi-monthly. 

SATURDAY  BLADE,  1887-1912:  Issued  weekly,  by  W.  D. 
Boyce  Co.,  No.  500  Dearborn  avenue.  The  Saturday  Blade 
is  given  to  exploiting  sensational  happenings  and  to  stories 
out  of  the  ordinary  trend.  Subscription  rates,  $1.00  per 
year. 

SATURDAY  EVENING  HERALD,  1874-1909:  Devoted  to 
society,  literature,  art  and  music.  Founded  by  John  M. 
Dandy  and  L.  B.  Glover.  A  number  of  changes  took  place 
in  its  editorial  staff  between  the  years  1874-1893.  Edward 
Freiberger  was  editor  in  1907;  E.  L.  Briggs  in  1909 
began  the  publication  of  the  Illustrated  Review  and  merged 
the  paper  with  that  enterprise. 

SATURDAY  EVENING  REVIEW,  1860:  Published  by  Will- 
iam Pigott  for  a  brief  time. 


ittirirrUunrmtr.   yultliratuuts  205 

SCHOLAR,    1873-1876:    Publication  was  continued  until 

1876  when,   upon   the    establishment   of   St.    Nicholas   in 
New  York,  the  Scholar  was  bought  by  the  St.  Nicholas  Co. 

SEWING  MACHINE  ADVANCE,  1879-1907:  A  monthly, 
devoted  to  sewing  machine  trade  interests.  Established 
by  A.  M.  Leslie  &  Co. 

SHOE  AND  LEATHER  WEEKLY  (in  connection  with  Daily 
Hide  Report) :  A.  H.  Lockwood,  editor  and  publisher. 
Issued  in  the  interest  of  all  branches  of  the  leather  industry. 
Office  of  publication,  No.  154  West  Randolph  street. 

SIGNAL,  1879-1881:  A  weekly  devoted  to  temperance. 
Mary  B.  Willard,  editor  and  publisher. 

SKANDINAVEN,  1866-1912:  A  Norwegian  daily  and  bi- 
weekly paper,  with  a  Sunday  edition.  It  was  established 
by  Knud  Langeland  and  John  Anderson,  who  retained  his 
interest  until  his  death  in  1910.  In  1873  Victor  F.  Law- 
son  bought  an  interest.  Johnson,  Anderson  and  Lawson 
were  proprietors  and  publishers,  1874-1875;  in  1876  and 

1877  Anderson  and  Lawson  were  editors  and  publishers. 
John  Anderson  Publishing  Co.  has  continued  as  publishers 
from  1889  to  date. 

SLOAN'S  GARDEN  CITY,  1853-1854:  A  literary  paper 
edited  by  Walter  Sloan;  published  at  first  by  Robert  Fer- 
gus, afterward  by  Charles  Scott  &  Co.  The  paper  was 
merged  in  1854  with  the  People's  Paper  of  Boston,  which 
suspended  in  1870. 

SOCIAL  SCIENCE  JOURNAL,  1877-1881:  A  monthly,  is- 
sued by  the  Illinois  Social  Science  Association.  Miss  S.  A. 
Richards  was  editor,  1879-1880. 

SOCIALIST,  1878:  An  English  organ  of  the  Socialist 
Labor  party,  Frank  Hirth,  editor,  and  A.  R.  Parsons, 
assistant  editor.  Because  of  party  strife  the  paper  failed, 
and  Parsons  became  editor  of  Alarm,  which  was  continued 
with  more  or  less  regularity  until  the  Haymarket  riot  of 
1886. 

SOKOL  AMERICKY,   1879-1912:     A  monthly  paper,  the 


206  iftiBrellattttmfi  Publtratuin0 


official  organ  of  the  United  Bohemian  Gymnastic  Associa- 
tions in  the  United  States.  Established  under  the  editor- 
ship of  G.  Reisl.  Later  editors  have  been  J.  Hajek  and 
August  Volensky,  Jos.  Cermak,  Dr.  K.  Stulik,  Ant.  Haller. 
The  editorial  staff  in  1904  included  Dr.  J.  Rudis  Jiyinskc, 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  managing  editor;  Jos.  Cermak,  Chi- 
cago, Ant.  Haller,  Chicago.  With  the  same  editorial 
organization,  the  paper  has  continued  to  be  .issued  by  the 
National  Printing  and  Publishing  Co. 

SONG  MESSENGER,  1863-1875:  Monthly.  Root  and  Cady 
were  editors  and  publishers,  1869-1870.  J.  R.  Murray 
was  editor  in  1871,  and  Root  and  Cady  were  publishers. 
W.  S.  B.  Mathews  was  editor,  and  Root  and  Cady  were 
publishers,  1872-1873.  In  1874  and  1875  F.  W.  Root  was 
editor  and  George  F.  Root  and  Sons  were  publishers. 

SOUTH  CHICAGO  ADVERTISER,  1907-1912:  Office  of  pub- 
lication, No.  9120  Erie  avenue.  Talcott,  Talcott  &  Tilling- 
hast,  publishers.  Issued  free  for  advertising  purposes. 

SPECTATOR,  1869-1880:  Insurance  review.  Founded  by 
J.  H.  and  C.  M.  Goodsell.  Wm.  Fox,  manager,  in  1880. 

SPORTS  AFIELD,  1887-1912:  Founded  in  1887,  at  Denver, 
Colo.,  by  Claude  King,  its  present  editor.  Devoted  to  field 
sports  in  all  branches.  In  1893,  in  obedience  to  a  demand 
for  a  more  central  point  from  which  to  circulate  the  maga- 
zine, Sports  Afield  was  moved  to  Chicago  and  important 
features  added.  Subjects  pertaining  to  hunting,  fishing, 
camping  and  outdoor  life  in  general  are  given  wide  scope, 
and  articles  relating  to  the  frontier  and  the  pioneer  history 
of  the  West,  the  Southwest  and  Pacific  coast  are  valuable 
contributions  to  the  literature  of  the  subject.  Sports  Afield 
is  the  oldest  sportsmen's  magazine  in  the  country,  and  since 
the  first  issue  it  has  been  under  the  same  management.  Pub- 
lished by  Sports  Afield  Publishing  Co.,  No.  542  South  Dear- 
born street.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year. 

STANDARD,  1867-1912:  A  Baptist  church  publication. 
The  editors  and  publishers  were  as  follows:  J.  A.  Smith, 


207 


D.  D.,  editor,  Church  and  Goodman,  publishers  and  pro- 
prietors, 1869-1875;  J.  A.  Smith,  D.  D.,  and  J.  S.  Dicker- 
son,  D.  D.,  editors,  and  Goodman  and  Dickerson,  publish- 
ers, 1876;  Goodman  and  Dickerson,  publishers,  1877-1880; 
J.  S.  Dickerson  and  R.  N.  Van  Doren,  editors,  and  Good- 
man and  Dickerson  Company,  publishers  up  to  the  present. 

STOCK  LIST,  1899-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the  interest 
of  hardwood,  yellow  pine,  cypress  and  lumber-making  ma- 
chinery. A.  H.  Hitchcock,  publisher,  Suite  1220-1235, 
Caxton  Building. 

SUN,  1869-1909:  Drovers'  Journal  Publishing  Co.  is- 
sued a  group  and  a  series  of  daily  papers  for  the  South 
Side  and  the  Stock  Yards  district  under  the  varied  names 
of  Hyde  Park  Sun,  Lake  Daily  Sun,  Union  Stock  Yards 
Sun  and  South  Side  Daily  Sun.  In  1878  H.  L.  Goodall 
&  Co.  were  publishing  the  Drovers'  Journal,  Daily  Sun, 
and  Hyde  Park  Daily  Sun.  Since  the  death  of  H.  L. 
Goodall  in  1900,  Mrs.  E.  F.  Goodall  conducted  the  various 
enterprises  and  still  publishes  the  Drovers'  Journal.  H.  L. 
Goodall  was  editor  and  publisher  until  1872. 

SUNDAY  DEMOCRAT,  1870:  Edited  and  published  by 
George  W.  Ruet.  Had  but  a  brief  existence. 

SUNDAY  LEADER,  1857:  The  first  exclusively  Sunday 
newspaper  of  any  permanence  issued  in  Chicago.  Pub- 
lished by  S.  P.  Rounds;  managing  editor,  Edward  Bliss. 
Suspended  during  first  year. 

SUNDAY  SCHOOL  HELPER,  1870-1872:  A  Universalist 
paper,  published  monthly.  S.  A.  Briggs  was  editor,  and 
the  Northwestern  Universalist  Publishing  House  were 
publishers. 

SUNDAY  SCHOOL  MESSENGER,  1868-1912:  A  weekly 
paper  edited  and  published  by  Rev.  Andrew  L.  O'Neill, 
January,  1868-August,  1901;  Rev.  James  J.  Curran,  Sep- 
tember, 1901  -August,  1904;  Rev.  John  J.  Masterson,  Au- 
gust, 1904,  to  the  present. 

SUNDAY  SCHOOL  TEACHER,   1866-1869:     A  continuation 


208 ifliHrfllaurmiH  |luhlifatiuu« 

of  Northwestern  Sunday  School  Teachers'  Quarterly,  ed- 
ited by  Rev.  J.  H.  Vincent,  Rev.  E.  A.  Pierce,  Rev.  W.  W. 
Evarts,  forming  a  publication  committee. 

SUNSET  CHIMES,  1876-1887:  A  monthly  literary  maga- 
zine of  the  "family  story"  type.  The  Sunset  Chimes 
Publishing  Company  were  editors  and  publishers. 

SVENSKA  AMERIKANAREN,  1866-1873:  Published  by  a 
stock  company.  Hans  Mattson  was  editor  until  February, 
1867;  Herman  RODS,  editor  and  head  of  the  editorial  staff 
from  1867  to  1869;  Peter  A.  Sundelius,  1868-1870,  1871- 
1873;  A.  W.  Schalin,  January  to  August,  1871.  Paper 
sold  in  1873  and  name  changed. 

SVENSKA  AMERIKANAREN,  1877-1912:  Established  by 
Herman  Roos  and  Nels  Anderson.  Herman  Roos  was 
editor  till  June,  1878;  Roos  and  Elmblad,  1878-1880; 
Elmblad,  1880-1884;  Sundelius,  C.  F.  Peterson  and  Jacob 
Bonggren,  1884-1888;  Nels  Anderson  was  owner  until 
1884,  when  he  sold  to  P.  A.  Sundelius,  N.  P.  Nelson  and 
Gabriel  Hjertquist,  as  the  Swedish  American  Printing 
Co.  Frans  A.  Lindstrand  acquired  control  in  1888,  dis- 
posing of  same  to  F.  A.  Larson  in  1908. 

SVENSKA  KURIREN,  1884-1912:  Published  and  edited 
by  Alex  J.  Johnson.  Issued  weekly  at  No.  514  La  Salle 
avenue.  Subscription  price,  $1.50  per  year.  The  Kuriren 
is  devoted  to  the  welfare  of  Swedish  readers  of  the  United 
States,  it  being  also  circulated  among  the  population  of  the 
old  land.  The  aim  of  the  paper  is  to  cultivate  the  higher 
thought  of  the  Swedish  people  and  to  interest  them  in 
the  institutions  of  their  adopted  country,  urging  an  under- 
standing of  problems  that  concern  their  general  welfare. 
The  present  proprietor  has  owned  the  Kuriren  since  1888, 
and  there  has  been  no  change  in  the  policy  of  the  paper 
since  he  has  been  its  owner.  The  publication  has  been 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the  Republican 
party,  numbering  among  its  readers  the  most  enterprising 


^ublirattana  209 


Swedish-speaking  portion  of  the  country.  The  Kuriren 
has  a  large  circulation  and  a  profitable  advertising 
patronage. 

SVENSKA  REPUBLIKANEN  (Den  Svenska  Republikanen  i 
Norra  Amerika),  1857-1858:  Established  by  the  leaders 
of  the  Bishop  Hill  colony  at  Galva,  and  edited  by  S.  Cron- 
sioe,  later  being  removed  to  Chicago. 

SVENSKA  TRIBUNEN-NYHETER,  1869-1912:  Established 
in  1869  as  Svenska  Tribunen.  Frank  Anderson,  Andrew 
Chaiser,  C.  F.  Peterson  were  stockholders  of  the  com- 
pany when  the  paper  was  started.  Among  the  editors 
were  C.  A.  Mellander  in  1894;  A.  L.  Gyllenhaal,  1894- 
1899;  C.  F.  Peterson,  1900;  E.  W.  Olson,  1901;  Gyllen- 
haal, 1901-1905;  A.  Tofft,  1906.  In  May,  1905,  C.  F. 
Erikson  bought  the  Tribunen,  and,  in  1906,  it  combined 
with  the  Nyheter,  taking  its  present  name.  The  Swedish 
Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  The  paper  has  grown  in  influ- 
ence and  patronage,  its  sworn  circulation  being  62,000 
copies.  Issued  from  No.  180  North  Dearborn  street. 
C.  F.  Erikson  is  president  of  the  company.  The  Svenska 
Tribunen-Nyheter  is  a  recognized  force  among  the  Swedish 
Americans. 

SVORNOST,  1875-1912:  An  Independent  Bohemian  paper, 
issued  daily  and  Sunday.  F.  B.  Zdrubek  has  been  chief 
of  the  editorial  staff,  and  August  Geringer  publisher,  since 
the  beginning.  Svornost  is  the  oldest  Bohemian  daily  in 
the  United  States. 

SYSTEM:  The  magazine  of  business.  Edited  by  A.  W. 
Shaw.  Devoted  to  systematizing  all  branches  of  business, 
with  plans  for  installing  efficiency.  Issued  monthlv.  Sub- 
scription price,  $2.00  per  year.  Office  of  publication,  Trans- 
portation Building,  Dearborn  and  Harrison  streets. 

TAILOR'S  INTELLIGENCER,  1871-1874:  Issued  monthly. 
Salisbury  Bros.  &  Co.,  publishers. 

TEACHERS'  GOLDEN  HOUR,  1869-1871:  Issued  monthly. 
Tomlinson  Bros.,  editors  and  publishers. 


210  ffluirrllaurmui 


TEACHERS'  QUARTERLY,  embracing  the  Scholars'  Quar- 
terly, the  Intermediate  Quarterly  and  the  Primary  Quar- 
terly, all  taken  over  by  the  Free  Methodist  Publishing 
House  in  1897.  Published  by  S.  K.  J.  Chesbro  until  1907, 
and  by  W.  B.  Rose  to  date  (1912).  Subscription  price  of 
Teachers'  Quarterly,  24  cents  per  year  ;  each  of  other  three 
quarterlies,  12  cents  a  year. 

TELEGRAPH,  1862-1864:  Issued  daily  and  weekly.  G. 
Feuchtinger  was  proprietor  in  1862.  In  1863  Dr.  Ernest 
Schmidt  was  editor  and  proprietor.  C.  Knobelsdorf  and 
Binder  were  editors  and  proprietors,  1864. 

TEMPLAR'S  OFFERING,  1864-1867:  Cowdery  &  Law, 
publishers. 

TIMES,  1852-1853:  A  Free  Soil  paper,  daily  and  tri- 
weekly, established  in  connection  with  the  Western  Citizen 
and  discontinued  when  that  paper  was  changed  to  Free 
West.  It  was  at  first  published  by  Lee  and  Townsend, 
and  after  other  changes  Zebina  Eastman  became  editor 
and  publisher. 

THE  BREEDERS'  GAZETTE,  1881-1912:  Issued  weekly,  by 
the  Sanders  Publishing  Co.,  No.  542  South  Dearborn  street. 
Alvin  H.  Sanders,  president;  L.  K.  Hildebrand,  secretary 
and  general  manager;  W.  R.  Goodwin,  vice-president  and 
managing  editor.  Subscription  rates,  $1.75  per  year. 

THE  BLACK  DIAMOND:  Devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
coal  industry*  '  Issued  weekly.  Published  by  the  Black 
Diamond  Co.  (Inc.).  Subscription  price,  $3.00  per  year. 
Branch  offices  of  the  paper  are  located  in  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, Pittsburgh  and  Columbus,  Ohio.  The  oldest  pub- 
lication in  the  coal  mining  industry  in  the  West. 

THE  CHERRY  CIRCLE,  1907-1912:  Published  monthly  by 
the  Chicago  Athletic  Association.  Devoted  to  the  interests 
of  and  encouragement  of  all  branches  of  athletics.  Sub- 
scription price,  $1.00  per  year.  Issued  from  the  club 
house,  No.  125  Michigan  avenue.  Edward  G.  Westlake, 
editor.  The  Cherry  Circle  is  a  periodical  of  100  or  more 


ipttbltnttuma  211 


pages,  and  has  among  its  writers  and  contributors  many 
prominent  in  the  field  it  covers. 

THE  CONTINENT:  Founded  in  1910.  (Continuing  the 
Interior  and  Westminster.)  Devoted  to  formulating  Pres- 
byterian polities.  Publication  office,  No.  509  South  Wabash 
avenue.  The  McCormick  Publishing  Co.  Everett  Sisson, 
publisher;  Nolan  Rice  Best,  editor;  Oliver  R.  Williamson, 
managing  editor;  Richard  S.  Holmes,  corresponding  editor, 
and  Wm.  T.  Ellis,  editor  afield.  Subscription  price,  $1.50 
per  year.  A  paper  of  wide  influence  and  extensive  circula- 
tion. 

THE  CONTRACTOR,  1900-1912:  Issued  twice  monthly. 
Published  in  the  interest  of  construction  contractors.  Office 
of  publication,  842  Monadnock  Block.  E.  H.  Baumgartner, 
publisher.  C.  E.  Bregenzer,  editor;  J.  E.  Murphy,  asso- 
ciate editor.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  The  Con- 
tractor is  the  successor  to  the  American  Contractor,  which 
had  been  published  about  two  years. 

THE  DETECTIVE,  1885-1912:  Issued  monthly.  Detective 
Publishing  Co.,  publishers.  Office  of  publication,  No.  2611 
Indiana  avenue.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  Official 
paper  of  International  Association  of  Chiefs  of  Police,  also 
a  number  of  state  associations  of  police  and  peace  officials. 

THE  FINANCIAL  REVIEW:  Published  in  the  interest  of 
bankers,  brokers,  investors  and  representative  financial  in- 
stitutions. Issued  monthly  by  the  Credit  Co.,  Pontiac 
Building.  J.  W.  White,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Terms  of 
subscription,  $2.00  per  year. 

THE  HORSEMAN  AND  SPIRIT  OF  THE  TIMES  :  Issued  week- 
ly from  No.  538  South  Dearborn  street.  Chicago  Horseman 
Newspaper  Co.,  publishers.  D.  J.  Campau,  president.  Sub- 
scription rates,  $2.00  per  year. 

THE  HUMMER,  1909-1912:  Published  in  the  interest  of 
the  hotel  clerks  of  America.  Roland  Hawks  and  Claud 
Hannon,  editors  and  publishers.  The  Hummer  is  the  official 
organ  of  the  Greeters  of  America,  an  organization  composed 


212 iBifirrllaupuug  |lnhliratianH 

of  hotel  clerks.  Issued  from  Room  600,  Caxton  Building, 
No.  508  South  Dearborn  street.  The  Hummer  circulates 
among  the  principal  hotels  throughout  the  United  States 
and  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

THE  INN  KEEPER,  1912:  Cooper  &  Co.,  publishers. 
Office  of  publication,  No.  30  South  Market  street.  Issued 
monthly.  Devoted  to  sociability  and  enjoyment.  W.  E. 
Dennis,  editor.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

THE  INDICATOR,  1878-1912:  Issued  monthly  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  piano  and  organ  trade.  O.  L.  Fox,  proprietor  and 
manager.  Each  number  embraces  64  pages,  and  covers  the 
musical  trade  generally.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per 
year.  Office  of  publication,  Suite  40-41  Auditorium  Build- 
ing. 

THE  PIANO  TRADE,  1903-1912:  Devoted  to  the  various 
branches  of  piano  manufacture,  both  artistic  and  commer- 
cial. Issued  monthly  from  the  Steinway  Building.  George 
B.  Armstrong,  editor  and  publisher,  who  has  been  its  owner 
since  the  first  issue. 

THE  PLATFORM,  1910-1912:  Issued  in  the  interest  of 
public  speakers,  lecturers  and  entertainers.  A  lyceum  and 
Chautauqua  magazine.  Publication  office,  No.  64  East  Van 
Buren  street.  Fred  High,  editor.  Subscription  price,  50 
cents  per  year. 

THE  PRESTO,  1884-1912:  Issued  weekly  in  the  interest 
of  music  trades  and  industries,  by  the  Presto  Publishing 
Co.,  No.  440  Dearborn  street.  Originally  established  in 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  and  five  years  later  was  moved  to 
Chicago.  F.  D.  Abbott,  president  and  manager;  C.  A. 
Daniell,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Subscription  price,  $2.00 
per  annum. 

THE  PUBLIC,  1892-1912:  Issued  weekly  from  No.  537 
South  Dearborn  street.  Louis  F.  Post,  editor;  Stanley 
Bowmar,  manager.  The  Public  announces  itself  as  "a 
journal  of  fundamental  democracy,"  the  policy  of  the  pub- 
lication being  the  promotion  of  independent  thought  as 


jJt0frIIanfOttH  Publirattong  213 


freed    from   corrupting   influence   of   corporation   interests. 
Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year. 

THE  STANDARD  :  A  Baptist  newspaper.  Church  &  Dick- 
erson  Co.,  publishers.  J.  S.  Dickerson,  president  and 
treasurer;  Grace  Dickerson,  vice-president;  Clifford  D. 
Gray,  secretary;  editors,  J.  S.  Dickerson,  Clifton  D.  Gray. 
Issued  from  the  United  Religious  Press  Building,  700-714 
East  Fortieth  street.  Subscription  rates,  $2.00  per  year. 
The  Standard  is  one  of  the  oldest  religious  publications  in 
Chicago,  volume  60  having  been  reached  in  August,  1912. 

THE  UNION  LEADER,  1900-1912:  Official  journal  of  the 
street  car  employes  of  Chicago.  Issued  weekly  by  the 
Amalgamated  Association  of  Street  and  Electric  Railway 
Employes.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  Publication 
office,  Suite  631-633,  Unity  Building.  L.  D.  Bland,  editor. 

TRAVELERS',  SHIPPERS'  AND  MAIL  GUIDE:  Established  in 
1871,  by  W.  H.  Stoelker,  the  lack  of  reliable  data  incident 
to  the  fire  of  1871  suggesting  the  need  of  the  publication. 
The  Guide  contains  the  name  of  every  town  (railway  sta- 
tion, postoffice,  boat  landing  or  otherwise),  arranged  by 
states,  with  shipping  directions  by  express  and  freight  lines  ; 
name  of  railroads  and  express  companies  reaching  a  place; 
when  not  on  a  railway  line,  the  nearest  railway  station  and 
the  distance  from  it  and  nearest  express  office,  telegraph 
office,  etc.,  with  list  of  foreign  ports  and  places.  (Revised 
monthly.)  Guide  embraces  about  1,300  pages.  In  1887 
L.  M.  Collosky  became  associated  with  Stoelker,  and  in 
1897  the  latter's  interest  was  purchased  by  Collosky  &  Mat- 
tern,  when  the  Shippers'  Guide  Co.  was  incorporated,  with 
Mr.  Collosky  as  president,  which  position  he  still  retains. 
Jas.  S.  Pennington,  secretary-treasurer.  In  1908  the 
Official  Railway  Guide  was  merged  with  the  Travelers' 
Guide  and  is  issued  as  the  weekly  edition  of  the  latter  pub- 
lication. Business  office,  537  South  Dearborn  street.  Sub- 
scription price,  for  weekly  and  monthly  issues,  including 
all  changes,  $10.00  per  year. 

TURNER'S  MINARET,  1873-1875:    A  semi-monthly  publi- 


214  ittu-.rrUuurmtii    JJitbliruttmir. 

cation,  devoted  to  fiction.     Turner  &  Co.,  editors  and  pub- 
lishers in   1873.     Name  changed  to  Minaret  in   1875. 

UNGDOMS  VANNEN,  1871-1881:  Given  in  1881  as  a 
Scandinavian  literary  paper,  published  semi-monthly.  A 
monthly  of  this  name  was  published  from  1871  to  1881. 
It  was  devoted  to  the  interests  of  juveniles. 

UNION,  1867-1868:  Published  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Chicago  Typographical  Union  No.  16.  The  paper  was 
started  because  of  a  dispute  the  union  printers  had  with 
W.  F.  Storey  of  the  Times. 

UNION,  1855-1876:  A  German  Democratic  paper,  issued 
daily  and  weekly.  In  1869  it  was  called  Westliche  Unter- 
haltungs-Blatter ;  in  1876,  the  Belletristiche  Zeitung.  The 
weekly  is  mentioned  in  1872  and  1873.  Frederick  Becker 
and  Schlaeger  were  proprietors  in  1861;  Becker  was  sole 
proprietor,  1862-1863.  In  1864  Edward  Roesch  was  ed- 
itor. F.  Becker  was  publisher  in  that  year  and  continued 
so  until  1870.  Bellinghausen  &  Co.,  editors  and  publishers. 
Hermann  Lieb  was  editor  and  publisher,  1873-1876. 

UNION  AGRICULTURIST  AND  WESTERN  PRAIRIE  FARMER, 
1841-1843:  Established  by  the  Union  Agricultural  Soci- 
ety, edited  by  the  corresponding  secretary,  John  S.  Wright. 
The  title  was  changed  to  Prairie  Farmer  in  1843. 

UNION  PARK  ADVOCATE,  1870-1877:  A  weekly  publica- 
tion. C.  E.  Crandall,  editor  and  publisher. 

UNION  PARK  BANNER,  1870-1880:  An  advertising  sheet 
published  by  E.  M.  Turner  &  Co.  D.  S.  Crandall  was  pro- 
prietor in  1876,  and  Turner  and  Lloyd  owned  the  paper 
in  1880. 

UNITED  STATES  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  JOURNAL,  1865- 
1874:  A  homoeopathic  journal,  published  by  C.  S.  Halsey, 
under  the  editorial  supervision  of  Dr.  George  E.  Shipman. 
After  the  completion  of  nine  volumes  it  was  merged  with 
the  Medical  Investigator,  and  became  the  United  States 
Medical  Investigator. 


ittuurUaurmui   JJubltratimiii  215 

UNITED  STATES  MEDICAL  INVESTIGATOR,  1875-1893: 
Semi-monthly.  Dr.  T.  C.  Duncan  editor  and  publisher, 
1875;  Dr.  T.  C.  Duncan  editor,  and  F.  Duncan  manager, 
1876;  Dr.  T.  C.  Duncan  editor,  and  Duncan  Brothers,  pub- 
lishers, 1877-1880.  Dr.  W.  E.  Reed  became  editor  in 
1889,  and  was  succeeded  in  January,  1891,  by  Dr.  Charles 
H.  Evans.  Suspended  in  1893. 

UNITED  STATES  REVIEW,  1864-1876:  Issued  semi- 
monthly and  devoted  to  insurance.  R.  R.  Deardon  was 
publisher  in  1875,  and  editor  and  publisher  in  1876. 

UNITY,  1878-1912:  Devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
Unitarian  church.  At  first  issued  monthly,  it  became  semi- 
monthly in  1879,  and  weekly  in  1885.  In  1878  it  was 
managed  and  edited  by  a  committee  of  five:  Rev.  Robert 
Collyer,  Rev.  J.  Lloyd  Jones,  Rev.  W.  C.  Gannett,  Rev. 

C.  W.  Wendte,  Rev.  J.  C.  Leonard;  Miss  Frances  L.  Rob- 
erts  was   business   agent.      Rev.    H.   M.    Simmons   became 
managing  editor  in  1879.     In  1881  Rev.  J.  L.  Jones  became 
editor.     From   1881   to   1885   Unity  was  Published  by  the 
Colgrove   Book   Co.;    from    1886   to    1893   by   Charles    H. 
Kerr;    from    1893    to   date   by   the   Unity   Publishing   Co. 
Kerr  became  office  editor  in  1886,  with  Jenkin  Lloyd  Jones, 

D.  N.    Utter    and    J.    V.    Blake,    editors.      Jenkin    Lloyd 
Jones  at  present  is  the  editor. 

VERDENS  GANG,  1878-1912:  A  Norwegian  -  Danish 
weekly  paper.  In  1880  Nels  Sampson  &  Co.  were  editors 
and  publishers.  The  Verdens  Gang  Co.,  publishers. 

VOICE  OF  MASONRY,  January,  1863-1883:  Monthly,  de- 
voted to  Masonry.  Robert  Morris  and  J.  Adams  Allen 
were  its  first  editors.  J.  C.  W.  Bailey  was  editor  and 
publisher  until  1873.  In  1875  A.  C.  Mackey  was  editor; 
in  1880  J.  W.  Brown  became  editor. 

VOLANTE,  1872-1881:  A  monthly  collegiate  publica- 
tion. The  students  of  the  old  Chicago  University  were 
editors  and  publishers. 

VOLKSFREUND,  1845-1848:  The  pioneer  German  paper 
of  Chicago.  Edited  by  Robert  B.  Hoeffgen. 


216 


VOLKSFREUND,  1878-1880:  Published  daily  and  Sun- 
day. The  Volksfreund  Publishing  Co.  were  editors  and 
publishers  in  1880.  Edward  Rummel  was  managing  editor 
in  1879. 

VOLKS-ZEITUNG,  1874-1876:  A  socialist  paper  estab- 
lished by  a  stock  company  called  Social  Democratic  Print- 
ing Association.  The  paper  was  sold  to  C.  Conzett  in 
1876  and  was  used  in  establishing  the  Arbeiter-Zeitung. 

VORBOTE,  1874-1907:  Established  as  a  workingman's 
socialist  organ,  with  Conrad  Conzett  as  editor.  The  suc- 
cess of  the  venture  led  in  1876  to  the  purchase  of  Volks- 
Zeitung  and  the  establishing  of  the  Chicagoer  Arbeiter- 
Zeitung,  published  three  times  a  week.  P.  Grottkau  was 
editor  in  1879,  and  in  that  year  the  paper  was  taken  over 
by  the  Socialistic  Publishing  Society.  August  Spies  and 
Michel  Schwab  became  editors  in  1880,  and  were  con- 
demned for  participation  in  the  Haymarket  bomb-throwing 
in  1886.  Spies  was  executed  and  Schwab  was  sentenced 
to  prison  for  life,  afterward  being  pardoned  by  Governor 
Altgeld. 

Vox  HUMANA,  1873-1879:  A  monthly,  devoted  to  music. 
Charles  Barnard  was  editor  and  George  Woods  &  Co.  were 
publishers,  1874-1876.  In  1879  Louis  C.  Elson  was  editor, 
and  Woods  &  Co.,  publishers. 

WASHINGTONIAN,  1876-1893:  A  temperance  monthly, 
edited  by  Daniel  Wilkins  and  published  by  the  Wash- 
ingtonian  Home  Association. 

WATCHMAN,  1875-1886:  A  semi-monthly  publication, 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  It  was  a 
monthly  in  1876,  and  edited  and  published  by  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  W.  W.  Van  Arsdale  was  editor  and  publisher, 
1877-1879.  In  1880  W.  W.  Van  Arsdale  was  editor,  and 
F.  H.  Revell  publisher. 

WATCHMAN  OF  THE  PRAIRIES,  1847-1853:  First  Baptist 
paper  printed  in  Chicago.  Edited  by  Rev.  Luther  Stone 
and  published  by  Messrs.  Walker  and  Worrall,  of  the 


217 


Western  Herald.  In  1849  Wight  and  Bross  became  its 
publishers.  In  1853  Mr.  Stone  sold  the  paper  to  Dr.  J.  C. 
Burroughs,  Levi  D.  Boone  and  A.  D.  Titsworth. 

WATCHMAKER  AND  METAL  WORKER,  1874-1881:  Estab- 
lished as  a  monthly.  In  1879  it  was  bi-monthly;  then 
monthly  in  1880.  John  H.  Mather  was  editor  and  pub- 
lisher, 1879-1880. 

WATCHMAKERS'  MAGAZINE,  1872-1873:  Monthly.  Ed- 
ited by  E.  R.  P.  Shurley  and  published  by  the  Horological 
Association. 

WEEKLY  EXPRESS,  1852-1853:  Conducted  by  J.  F.  Bal- 
lantyne  &  Co.  Continued  to  issue  for  about  one  year. 

WEEKLY  TRIBUNE,  1840-1841:  Published  by  Charles 
N.  Holcomb  &  Co.,  with  E.  G.  Ryan  as  editor.  In  1841 
it  was  sold  to  Elisha  Starr  of  Milwaukee,  and  the  Mil- 
waukee Journal  was  its  successor. 

WELLS'  COMMERCIAL  EXPRESS  AND  WESTERN  PRODUCE 
REPORTER,  1857-1871:  Joel  Henry  Wells  was  editor  and 
publisher  until  1866;  Wells  and  Vittum,  1866-1868.  At 
first  weekly,  then  weekly  and  monthly.  A  daily  edition 
called  Morning  Bulletin  was  published  from  1857  to  1859. 
After  1861  there  was  a  daily  edition  called  the  Commer- 
cial Express.  Never  revived  after  the  fire  of  1871. 

WEST  CHICAGO,  1870-1875:  Weekly.  The  West  Chi- 
cago Company  were  editors  and  publishers  in  1875. 

WEST  END  ADVOCATE,  1870-1881:  A  weekly,  devoted 
to  the  business  of  West  Division.  Charles  E.  Crandall 
was  editor  and  publisher,  1878-1880. 

WESTEN,  1874-1909:  An  Independent  German  weekly 
paper;  the  Sunday  edition  of  the  Illinois  Staats-Zeitung. 
It  was  listed  as  the  Westen  und  Daheim  in  1907.  Hermann 
Raster  was  editor,  1874-1875.  The  Illinois  Staats-Zeitung 
Company,  publishers  until  the  paper  was  taken  over  by 
Michaelis  and  Brand,  in  1909. 

WESTERN  BOOK  SELLER,  1868-1870:    A  monthly  devoted 


218  4$i0rdlanwMH  ipuhltratuma 

to  the  interests  of  booksellers  and  publishers.     The  West- 
ern News  Company  were  editors  and  publishers,  1868-1870. 

WESTERN  BREWER  AND  JOURNAL  OF  THE  BARLEY,  HOP, 
AND  MALT  TRADES,  1876-1907:  A  monthly  devoted  to 
brewing,  malting,  hop,  and  kindred  trades.  It  was  estab- 
lished by  J.  M.  Wing  and  H.  S.  Rich,  under  the  firm  name 
of  J.  M.  Wing  &  Co.  H.  S.  Rich  became  sole  owner  in 
1887.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1903  as  H.  S. 
Rich  &  Co.,  who  are  still  the  editors  and  publishers.  In 
1907  the  name  was  changed  to  Western  Brewer. 

WESTERN  BRITISH  AMERICAN:  Founded  in  1888,  by  the 
British  American  Co.,  George  Sutherland,  managing  di- 
rector. In  1884  the  Canadian  American  was  started  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  by  Jaffray  Bros.,  who  later  removed 
the  paper  to  Chicago,  where  it  was  merged  with  the  West- 
ern British  American  in  1897,  Jameson  &  Sutherland,  pub- 
lishers. Upon  the  demise  of  Mr.  Jameson  in  1906  George 
Sutherland  became  the  sole  owner.  Much  space  is  devoted 
to  subjects  of  interest  to  British  American  readers.  Sub- 
scription price,  $1.50  per  year.  Publication  office,  No.  542 
South  Dearborn  street.  The  Western  British  American 
has  readers  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  Great  Britain  and 
also  circulates  widely  in  the  states  of  the  North  American 
continent. 

WESTERN  CATHOLIC,  1868-1881:  Issued  weekly  and  de- 
voted to  Catholic  interests.  Barry  &  Co.  were  publishers 
in  1870;  Dee  &  Co.,  publishers  in  1873.  The  Western 
Catholic  Publishing  and  Printing  Co.  were  proprietors  in 
1874-1875.  Cornelius  J.  Coffey  &  Co.  were  publishers 
and  proprietors,  and  J.  R.  Coffey  was  manager,  1876- 
1880.  Later  records  show  that  the  publication  is  now 
conducted  in  connection  with  the  Columbian. 

WESTERN  CITIZEN,  1842-1855:  A  temperance  and  anti- 
slavery  paper  edited  by  Zebina  Eastman  and  Asa  B. 
Brown,  1842-1845;  Eastman  and  Davidson,  1845-1849; 
Eastman  and  McClellan,  1849-1852;  Eastman,  with 
Hooper  Warren  as  associate,  1852-1853.  This  was  the 


219 


organ  of  the  Liberty  Party  in  Illinois,  and  successor  to  the 
Genius  of  Liberty. 

WESTERN  CLOTHING,  FURNISHING,  AND  HAT  REPORTER, 
1879-1881:  Monthly,  devoted  to  commercial  interests. 
Charles  H.  Moore  was  editor  and  publisher  in  1880. 

WESTERN  COLLEGE  MAGAZINE,  1879-1906:  A  monthly, 
devoted  to  inter-collegiate  interests.  In  1906  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  American  Educational  Review. 

WESTERN  DRUGGIST,  1879-1912:  Established  in  1879. 
Devoted  to  all  branches  of  the  druggists'  trade.  Published 
by  G.  P.  Engelhard  &  Co.,  No.  537  South  Dearborn  street, 
Chicago.  Subscription  price,  $1.00  per  year.  The  Western 
Druggist  is  one  of  the  oldest  publications  in  its  particular 
field  in  the  country,  and  its  circulation  is  said  to  be  the 
largest  of  any  devoted  to  the  special  subject  which  it  covers. 
In  1885  the  Western  Druggist  absorbed  the  Pharmacist. 

WESTERN  EDUCATIONAL  JOURNAL,  1879-1881:  A  monthly 
educational  journal.  J.  Fred  Waggoner,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher. 

WESTERN  ENTERPRISE,  1856-1857:  An  agricultural 
weekly;  merged  in  the  Prairie  Farmer.  Edited  by  E. 
Porter  Little. 

WESTERN  FARM  JOURNAL,  1855-1877:  Devoted  to  ag- 
riculture. In  1875  Dr.  G.  Sprague  was  editor;  G.  Sprague, 
F.  R.  Sprague,  and  D.  J.  Walker  were  publishers;  and 
F.  R.  Sprague  was  manager. 

WESTERN  FARMER,  184-8-1869:  A  weekly  agricultural 
paper.  W.  B.  Davis  was  editor  and  publisher. 

WESTERN  HERALD,  1846-184-7:  A  weekly  anti-slavery, 
anti-masonic,  temperance  paper,  and  advocate  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  edited  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Walker  and  B.  F. 
Worrall. 

WESTERN  HOME,  1874-1875:  Devoted  to  literature  and 
domestic  science.  A.  Chisholm,  editor  and  publisher. 


220  UliBreUanTOttH  ftobltratuma 

WESTERN  JOURNAL  OF  EDUCATION,  1873-1876:  An  edu- 
cational paper,  issued  monthly.  John  W.  Brown  was 
editor  and  publisher  in  1876. 

WESTERN  JOURNAL  OF  Music,  1856-1857:  Semi-monthly. 
Edited  by  William  H.  Currie,  and  published  by  R.  G. 
Greene. 

WESTERN  MAGAZINE,  1845-1846:  The  first  literary  mag- 
azine published  in  Chicago.  Rounseville  &  Co.,  publishers. 

WESTERN  MAGAZINE,  1879-1882:  Founded  in  Omaha, 
Neb.,  in  1876.  When  removed  to  Chicago  Mrs.  Helen 
Ekin  Starrett  was  the  editor.  Consolidated  with  the  Al- 
liance in  1882,  both  ventures  suspending  publication  in 
1884. 

WESTERN  MANUFACTURER,  1874-1882:  A  mechanical 
publication  issued  monthly.  Fox  and  Company  were  ed- 
itors and  publishers  in  1 875 ;  Fox  and  Coyne  in  1 876 ; 
Coyne  and  Gilmore  in  1877;  Coyne  and  Company  in  1877- 
1882. 

WESTERN  MERCHANTS'  PRICE  CURRENT  AND  MANUFAC- 
TURERS' RECORD,  1866-1870:  A  weekly  commercial  paper. 
Edited  and  published  by  John  C.  W.  Bailey. 

WESTERN  MONTHLY,  1869-1870:  Established  by  H.  V. 
Reed.  F.  F.  Browne  became  interested  in  the  publica- 
tion and  changed  its  name  in  1870  to  the  Lakeside  Monthly. 
In  1874  the  magazine  suspended. 

WESTERN  ODD  FELLOW,  1870-1871:  A  consolidation  of 
three  fraternal  periodicals,  devoted  to  Oddfellowship.  J. 
Ward  Ellis,  prominent  in  the  order,  was  the  editor  at  the 
time  of  suspending  in  1871. 

WESTERN  PAPER  TRADE,  1875-1912:  Published  monthly 
in  the  interest  of  the  paper  trade  mills.  Union  Bag  Co., 
publishers.  In  1881,  J.  Fred  Waggoner  took  the  paper 
and  has  continued  its  publication. 

WESTERN  PHOTOGRAPHIC  NEWS,  1874-1876:  Edited  and 
published  by  C.  W.  Stevens. 


fluhltratuma  221 


WESTERN  POSTAL  RECORD,  1868-1881:  A  monthly  de- 
voted to  postal  interests.  J.  S.  Elwell  was  editor,  and 
the  Western  Record  Printing  Co.  were  publishers,  1872- 
1874.  P.  C.  Russell  was  editor  and  publisher,  1875-1881. 

WESTERN  RURAL,  1863-1883:  An  agricultural  paper. 
H.  N.  F.  Lewis  was  editor  and  publisher,  1863-1869.  In 
1870  F.  H.  Glenn,  Chicago,  and  Edward  Mason,  Detroit, 
were  associate  editors.  In  1873  it  was  listed  as  Western 
Rural  and  Family  Weekly  Paper.  On  September  22,  1883, 
it  became  Western  Rural  and  American  Stockman. 

WESTERN  SHOE  AND  LEATHER  REVIEW,  1877-1881.  A 
commercial  weekly.  C.  E.  Rollins  was  manager,  1878- 
1879;  Yeager  and  McDermott  were  publishers,  1879-1880; 
C.  H.  McDermott  was  editor,  1880;  later  the  Western 
Shoe  and  Leather  Review  Company  were  editors  and 
publishers. 

WESTERN  TABLET,  February  7,  1852-1855:  A  Catholic 
literary  periodical  published  by  Daniel  O'Hara;  later 
merged  with  other  publications. 

WESTERN  TEMPERANCE  ADVOCATE,  August  4,  1865,  to 
date  (1868):  Established  as  the  official  organ  of  the 
Sons  of  Temperance,  it  was  larger  in  its  ambition  and 
scope  than  that  fact  indicates.  Rev.  J.  C.  Stoughton  was 
editor  until  January  30,  1868,  when  the  usual  lack  of 
funds  caused  a  new  arrangement,  whereby  T.  M.  Van  Court 
became  publisher,  soon  after  which  the  paper  was  sus- 
pended. 

WESTERN  TRADE  JOURNAL,  1875:  Issued  weekly  and 
devoted  to  commercial,  financial,  and  mining  interests. 
Henry  Clay  Brace  was  sole  editor  and  proprietor  until 
1894,  when  he  sold  to  Jay  Smith.  Smith  sold  the  paper, 
in  1895,  to  Fremont  Arford,  who  was  editor,  publisher, 
and  proprietor  from  1895. 

WESTERN  UNDERTAKER,  1879-1912:  A  monthly  devoted 
to  undertaking,  embalming,  and  kindred  subjects.  Pub- 
lished by  the  F.  H.  Hill  Co.  until  it  was  purchased  by  H.  S. 


222 


Fassett,  who  has  been  editor  and  publisher  since  March, 
1897. 

WESTERN  UNDERWRITER,  1896-1912:  Issued  weekly  in 
the  interest  of  insurance.  Published  by  the  Western  Under- 
writer Co.,  Insurance  Exchange.  C.  M.  Cartwright,  man- 
aging editor;  Wm.  S.  Crawford  and  J.  F.  Wohlgemuth,  as- 
sociate editors.  Subscription  price,  $2.50  per  year. 

WESTLICHE  UNTERHALTUNGS  BLATTER,  1866-1^576:  A 
German  Democratic  paper,  published  weekly  —  the  Sun- 
day edition  of  the  Union.  Frederick  Becker  was  pub- 
lisher in  1869;  Herman  Lieb  was  editor  and  publisher, 
1873-1876. 

WHO'S  WHO  IN  AMERICA  :  Biographical  bi-annual,  issued 
by  A.  N.  Marquis  &  Co.  Originally  installed  as  a  supple- 
ment to  leading  daily  papers  in  1890,  the  idea  developed 
and  now  has  been  amplified  to  the  extent  of  embracing  more 
than  2,500  closely  printed  pages,  collated  and  edited  by  a 
corps  of  trained  biographical  writers.  Adopted  as  an 
authoritative  work  of  reference  by  the  federal  government 
as  well  as  the  important  libraries  and  principal  newspapers 
with  another  in  course  of  preparation.  Used  as  a  reference 
text  book  in  schools,  academies,  colleges  and  universities. 
of  the  country.  Seven  editions  have  been  issued  since  1899, 
Supervised  and  published  by  A.  N.  Marquis  &  Co. 

WILD  EDGERTON'S  WEEKLY  EVERGREEN,  1876-1877:  A 
weekly  series  of  poems  issued  in  pamphlet  form,  each  bear- 
ing a  serial  number.  By  Brock  L.  McVickar.  Fifty-two 
numbers  were  issued,  toward  the  last  in  groups  of  four 
or  five. 

WITNESS,  1878-1881:  An  evangelical  weekly.  Rev. 
Thomas  J.  Lamont  was  editor  and  publisher,  1879-1880. 

WORDS  OF  LIFE,  1876-1880:  A  monthly  edited  and 
published  by  Fleming  H.  Revell,  1876-1880. 

WORKERS'  LAMP,  1873  to  date  (1877):  A  monthly, 
devoted  to  mechanical  interests.  The  Workers'  Lamp  Co. 


iflir.rrllaurmtii    IJuhliratumii  223 

were  editors   and  publishers,   1874-1876.     C.   G.   Smith  is 
mentioned  as  a  publisher  in  1875. 

WORKWOMEN'S  ADVOCATE,  1864-1879:  Established  by 
John  Blake  and  James  Hayde,  members  of  Chicago  Typo- 
graphical Union  No.  16,  in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of 
organized  labor  and  as  an  exponent  of  anti-monopoly  ideas. 
The  paper  became  the  official  organ  of  many  of  the  labor 
unions  of  the  city  and  during  the  eight-hour  agitation  of 
the  later  60's  the  Advocate  exerted  considerable  influence 
in  favor  of  the  shorter  workday  now  generally  adopted  in 
the  skilled  trades.  Andrew  C.  Cameron  was  the  editor 
and  publisher  from  1869-1879. 

WORLD  CHRONICLE,  1901-1912:  Issued  weekly  by  the 
Little  Chronicle  Co.,  Pontiac  Building.  Devoted  to  science, 
invention  and  discovery,  in  their  relation  to  education.  Wm. 
E.  Watt,  editor;  Chas.  A.  Underwood,  manager.  Subscrip- 
tion price,  $1.50  per  year.  A  publication  named  Little 
Chronicle  was  merged  with  the  World  Chronicle. 

WORLD  MAGAZINE,  1870-1884:  An  illustrated  magazine 
devoted  to  society  and  drama,  containing  stories,  sketches, 
poems,  and  humorous  articles.  The  Chicago  World  Pub- 
lishing Co.,  publishers  in  1883-1884. 

YOUNG  AMERICA,  1854:  A  Democratic  daily  and  weekly 
paper  edited  by  J.  W.  Patterson,  published  by  Cook, 
Cameron,  and  Patterson.  Was  short  lived. 

YOUNG  FOLKS'  MONTHLY,  1870-1883:  An  illustrated 
juvenile  paper.  H.  N.  F.  Lewis  was  editor  and  publisher 
in  1875-1876.  In  1876  Gerrit  L.  Hoodless  was  proprietor. 
Mrs.  Annie  R.  White  was  editor,  and  Milton  George,  pub- 
lisher, 1878-1880. 

YOUNG  FOLKS'  RURAL,  1870-1883:  A  juvenile  paper, 
issued  monthly.  H.  N.  F.  Lewis,  editor  and  publisher, 
1871-1878.  J.  D.  Tallmadge  was  editor  and  publisher, 
1879-1883. 

YOUNG  MESSENGER,  1871-1872:  Issued  monthly.  Wal- 
ter T.  D  wight  was  editor  and  publisher  in  1871.  It  was 


224  iflhirrUanrmtii   $Iuliltratum0 

consolidated    with    the   Wolverine    Messenger   of    Detroit, 
Michigan. 

YOUTH'S  CABINET,  1871-1872:  An  amateur  monthly 
"devoted  entirely  to  the  interests  of  the  American  boy  and 
girl."  John  L.  Whelan,  editor,  and  published  by  Whelan 
Brothers. 

YOUTH'S  GAZETTE,  1843:  Edited  by  Kiler  K.  Jones. 
It  was  "devoted  expressly  to  the  interests  «jf  the  youth 
of  the  west."  Eight  numbers  were  issued,  weekly. 

YOUTH'S  WESTERN  BANNER,  1853:  A  short-lived 
monthly  juvenile  publication  devoted  to  temperance,  mor- 
ality and  religion.  Edited  and  published  by  Isaac  C.  Smith 
&  Co. 

ZEITGEIST,  1857-1858:  German.  Edited  by  Ernest 
Georders  and  published  by  Charles  Hess. 

ZIONS  VAKT,  1873:  Organ  of  the  Swedish  Baptist 
Church;  published  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Edgren.  Short  lived. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  IUUNOI9-URBANA 


30112039625998 


